Version 2.4.2

docs/examples/pagination-search.md

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ GET /articles/offset?page=2&items_per_page=10&search=fastapi&status=published&or
   ],
   "pagination": {
     "total_count": 42,
+    "pages": 5,
     "page": 2,
     "items_per_page": 10,
     "has_more": true
@@ -85,6 +86,8 @@ GET /articles/offset?page=2&items_per_page=10&search=fastapi&status=published&or
 
 `filter_attributes` always reflects the values visible **after** applying the active filters. Use it to populate filter dropdowns on the client.
 
+To skip the `COUNT(*)` query for better performance on large tables, pass `include_total=False`. `pagination.total_count` will be `null` in the response, while `has_more` remains accurate.
+
 ### Cursor pagination
 
 Best for feeds, infinite scroll, or any high-throughput API where offset performance degrades.
@@ -144,7 +147,7 @@ GET /articles/?pagination_type=offset&page=1&items_per_page=10
   "status": "SUCCESS",
   "pagination_type": "offset",
   "data": ["..."],
-  "pagination": { "total_count": 42, "page": 1, "items_per_page": 10, "has_more": true }
+  "pagination": { "total_count": 42, "pages": 5, "page": 1, "items_per_page": 10, "has_more": true }
 }
 ```
 

docs/module/crud.md

@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ The [`offset_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.Async
   "data": ["..."],
   "pagination": {
     "total_count": 100,
+    "pages": 5,
     "page": 1,
     "items_per_page": 20,
     "has_more": true
@@ -189,6 +190,40 @@ The [`offset_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.Async
 }
 ```
 
+#### Skipping the COUNT query
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.4.1`"
+
+By default `offset_paginate` runs two queries: one for the page items and one `COUNT(*)` for `total_count`. On large tables the `COUNT` can be expensive. Pass `include_total=False` to skip it:
+
+```python
+result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+    session=session,
+    page=page,
+    items_per_page=items_per_page,
+    include_total=False,
+    schema=UserRead,
+)
+```
+
+#### Pagination params dependency
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.4.1`"
+
+Use [`offset_params()`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.offset_params) to generate a FastAPI dependency that injects `page` and `items_per_page` from query parameters with configurable defaults and a `max_page_size` cap:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+from fastapi import Depends
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    params: Annotated[dict, Depends(UserCrud.offset_params(default_page_size=20, max_page_size=100))],
+) -> OffsetPaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, **params, schema=UserRead)
+```
+
 ### Cursor pagination
 
 ```python
@@ -238,7 +273,7 @@ The cursor column is set once on [`CrudFactory`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_to
 !!! note
     `cursor_column` is required. Calling [`cursor_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.cursor_paginate) on a CRUD class that has no `cursor_column` configured raises a `ValueError`.
 
-The cursor value is base64-encoded when returned to the client and decoded back to the correct Python type on the next request. The following SQLAlchemy column types are supported:
+The cursor value is URL-safe base64-encoded (no padding) when returned to the client and decoded back to the correct Python type on the next request. The following SQLAlchemy column types are supported:
 
 | SQLAlchemy type | Python type |
 |---|---|
@@ -256,6 +291,24 @@ PostCrud = CrudFactory(model=Post, cursor_column=Post.id)
 PostCrud = CrudFactory(model=Post, cursor_column=Post.created_at)
 ```
 
+#### Pagination params dependency
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.4.1`"
+
+Use [`cursor_params()`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.cursor_params) to inject `cursor` and `items_per_page` from query parameters with a `max_page_size` cap:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+from fastapi import Depends
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    params: Annotated[dict, Depends(UserCrud.cursor_params(default_page_size=20, max_page_size=100))],
+) -> CursorPaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.cursor_paginate(session=session, **params, schema=UserRead)
+```
+
 ### Unified endpoint (both strategies)
 
 !!! info "Added in `v2.3.0`"
@@ -289,7 +342,24 @@ GET /users?pagination_type=offset&page=2&items_per_page=10
 GET /users?pagination_type=cursor&cursor=eyJ2YWx1ZSI6...&items_per_page=10
 ```
 
-Both `page` and `cursor` are always accepted by the endpoint — unused parameters are silently ignored by `paginate()`.
+#### Pagination params dependency
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.4.1`"
+
+Use [`paginate_params()`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.paginate_params) to inject all parameters at once with configurable defaults and a `max_page_size` cap:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+from fastapi import Depends
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    params: Annotated[dict, Depends(UserCrud.paginate_params(default_page_size=20, max_page_size=100))],
+) -> PaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.paginate(session, **params, schema=UserRead)
+```
 
 ## Search
 

docs/module/models.md

@@ -138,6 +138,23 @@ Server-side defaults (e.g. `id`, `created_at`) are fully populated in all callba
 | `@watch("status", "role")` | Only fires when `status` or `role` changes |
 | *(no decorator)* | Fires when **any** mapped field changes |
 
+`@watch` is inherited through the class hierarchy. If a subclass does not declare its own `@watch`, it uses the filter from the nearest decorated parent. Applying `@watch` on the subclass overrides the parent's filter:
+
+```python
+@watch("status")
+class Order(Base, UUIDMixin, WatchedFieldsMixin):
+    ...
+
+class UrgentOrder(Order):
+    # inherits @watch("status") — on_update fires only for status changes
+    ...
+
+@watch("priority")
+class PriorityOrder(Order):
+    # overrides parent — on_update fires only for priority changes
+    ...
+```
+
 #### Option 1 — catch-all with `on_event`
 
 Override `on_event` to handle all event types in one place. The specific methods delegate here by default:
@@ -197,6 +214,25 @@ The `changes` dict maps each watched field that changed to `{"old": ..., "new":
 
 !!! warning "Callbacks fire only for ORM-level changes. Rows updated via raw SQL (`UPDATE ... SET ...`) are not detected."
 
+!!! warning "Callbacks fire after the **outermost** transaction commits."
+    If you create several related objects using `CrudFactory.create` and need
+    callbacks to see all of them (including associations), wrap the whole
+    operation in a single [`get_transaction`](db.md) block. Without it, each
+    `create` call commits independently and `on_create` fires before the
+    remaining objects exist.
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi_toolsets.db import get_transaction
+
+    async with get_transaction(session):
+        order = await OrderCrud.create(session, order_data)
+        item  = await ItemCrud.create(session, item_data)
+        await session.refresh(order, attribute_names=["items"])
+        order.items.append(item)
+    # on_create fires here for both order and item,
+    # with the full association already committed.
+    ```
+
 ## Composing mixins
 
 All mixins can be combined in any order. The only constraint is that exactly one primary key must be defined — either via `UUIDMixin` or directly on the model.

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from typing import Annotated
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
 
-from fastapi_toolsets.crud import OrderByClause, PaginationType
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import OrderByClause
 from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
     CursorPaginatedResponse,
     OffsetPaginatedResponse,
@@ -20,19 +20,20 @@ router = APIRouter(prefix="/articles")
 @router.get("/offset")
 async def list_articles_offset(
     session: SessionDep,
+    params: Annotated[
+        dict,
+        Depends(ArticleCrud.offset_params(default_page_size=20, max_page_size=100)),
+    ],
     filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params())],
     order_by: Annotated[
         OrderByClause | None,
         Depends(ArticleCrud.order_params(default_field=Article.created_at)),
     ],
-    page: int = Query(1, ge=1),
-    items_per_page: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
     search: str | None = None,
 ) -> OffsetPaginatedResponse[ArticleRead]:
     return await ArticleCrud.offset_paginate(
         session=session,
-        page=page,
-        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        **params,
         search=search,
         filter_by=filter_by or None,
         order_by=order_by,
@@ -43,19 +44,20 @@ async def list_articles_offset(
 @router.get("/cursor")
 async def list_articles_cursor(
     session: SessionDep,
+    params: Annotated[
+        dict,
+        Depends(ArticleCrud.cursor_params(default_page_size=20, max_page_size=100)),
+    ],
     filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params())],
     order_by: Annotated[
         OrderByClause | None,
         Depends(ArticleCrud.order_params(default_field=Article.created_at)),
     ],
-    cursor: str | None = None,
-    items_per_page: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
     search: str | None = None,
 ) -> CursorPaginatedResponse[ArticleRead]:
     return await ArticleCrud.cursor_paginate(
         session=session,
-        cursor=cursor,
-        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        **params,
         search=search,
         filter_by=filter_by or None,
         order_by=order_by,
@@ -66,23 +68,20 @@ async def list_articles_cursor(
 @router.get("/")
 async def list_articles(
     session: SessionDep,
+    params: Annotated[
+        dict,
+        Depends(ArticleCrud.paginate_params(default_page_size=20, max_page_size=100)),
+    ],
     filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params())],
     order_by: Annotated[
         OrderByClause | None,
         Depends(ArticleCrud.order_params(default_field=Article.created_at)),
     ],
-    pagination_type: PaginationType = PaginationType.OFFSET,
-    page: int = Query(1, ge=1),
-    cursor: str | None = None,
-    items_per_page: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
     search: str | None = None,
 ) -> PaginatedResponse[ArticleRead]:
     return await ArticleCrud.paginate(
         session,
-        pagination_type=pagination_type,
-        page=page,
-        cursor=cursor,
-        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        **params,
         search=search,
         filter_by=filter_by or None,
         order_by=order_by,

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "fastapi-toolsets"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "2.4.2"
 description = "Production-ready utilities for FastAPI applications"
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"

src/fastapi_toolsets/__init__.py

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ Example usage:
         return Response(data={"user": user.username}, message="Success")
 """
 
-__version__ = "2.3.0"
+__version__ = "2.4.2"

src/fastapi_toolsets/crud/factory.py

@@ -58,18 +58,33 @@ class _CursorDirection(str, Enum):
 def _encode_cursor(
     value: Any, *, direction: _CursorDirection = _CursorDirection.NEXT
 ) -> str:
-    """Encode a cursor column value and navigation direction as a base64 string."""
-    return base64.b64encode(
-        json.dumps({"val": str(value), "dir": direction}).encode()
-    ).decode()
+    """Encode a cursor column value and navigation direction as a URL-safe base64 string."""
+    return (
+        base64.urlsafe_b64encode(
+            json.dumps({"val": str(value), "dir": direction}).encode()
+        )
+        .decode()
+        .rstrip("=")
+    )
 
 
 def _decode_cursor(cursor: str) -> tuple[str, _CursorDirection]:
-    """Decode a cursor base64 string into ``(raw_value, direction)``."""
-    payload = json.loads(base64.b64decode(cursor.encode()).decode())
+    """Decode a URL-safe base64 cursor string into ``(raw_value, direction)``."""
+    padded = cursor + "=" * (-len(cursor) % 4)
+    payload = json.loads(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded).decode())
     return payload["val"], _CursorDirection(payload["dir"])
 
 
+def _page_size_query(default: int, max_size: int) -> int:
+    """Return a FastAPI ``Query`` for the ``items_per_page`` parameter."""
+    return Query(
+        default,
+        ge=1,
+        le=max_size,
+        description=f"Number of items per page (max {max_size})",
+    )
+
+
 def _parse_cursor_value(raw_val: str, col_type: Any) -> Any:
     """Parse a raw cursor string value back into the appropriate Python type."""
     if isinstance(col_type, Integer):
@@ -254,6 +269,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
     ) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[dict[str, list[str]]]]:
         """Return a FastAPI dependency that collects facet filter values from query parameters.
+
         Args:
             facet_fields: Override the facet fields for this dependency. Falls back to the
                 class-level ``facet_fields`` if not provided.
@@ -293,6 +309,121 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
 
         return dependency
 
+    @classmethod
+    def offset_params(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        *,
+        default_page_size: int = 20,
+        max_page_size: int = 100,
+        include_total: bool = True,
+    ) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Return a FastAPI dependency that collects offset pagination params from query params.
+
+        Args:
+            default_page_size: Default value for the ``items_per_page`` query parameter.
+            max_page_size: Maximum allowed value for ``items_per_page`` (enforced via
+                ``le`` on the ``Query``).
+            include_total: Server-side flag forwarded as-is to ``include_total`` in
+                :meth:`offset_paginate`. Not exposed as a query parameter.
+
+        Returns:
+            An async dependency that resolves to a dict with ``page``,
+            ``items_per_page``, and ``include_total`` keys, ready to be
+            unpacked into :meth:`offset_paginate`.
+        """
+
+        async def dependency(
+            page: int = Query(1, ge=1, description="Page number (1-indexed)"),
+            items_per_page: int = _page_size_query(default_page_size, max_page_size),
+        ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            return {
+                "page": page,
+                "items_per_page": items_per_page,
+                "include_total": include_total,
+            }
+
+        dependency.__name__ = f"{cls.model.__name__}OffsetParams"
+        return dependency
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cursor_params(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        *,
+        default_page_size: int = 20,
+        max_page_size: int = 100,
+    ) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Return a FastAPI dependency that collects cursor pagination params from query params.
+
+        Args:
+            default_page_size: Default value for the ``items_per_page`` query parameter.
+            max_page_size: Maximum allowed value for ``items_per_page`` (enforced via
+                ``le`` on the ``Query``).
+
+        Returns:
+            An async dependency that resolves to a dict with ``cursor`` and
+            ``items_per_page`` keys, ready to be unpacked into
+            :meth:`cursor_paginate`.
+        """
+
+        async def dependency(
+            cursor: str | None = Query(
+                None, description="Cursor token from a previous response"
+            ),
+            items_per_page: int = _page_size_query(default_page_size, max_page_size),
+        ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            return {"cursor": cursor, "items_per_page": items_per_page}
+
+        dependency.__name__ = f"{cls.model.__name__}CursorParams"
+        return dependency
+
+    @classmethod
+    def paginate_params(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        *,
+        default_page_size: int = 20,
+        max_page_size: int = 100,
+        default_pagination_type: PaginationType = PaginationType.OFFSET,
+        include_total: bool = True,
+    ) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[dict[str, Any]]]:
+        """Return a FastAPI dependency that collects all pagination params from query params.
+
+        Args:
+            default_page_size: Default value for the ``items_per_page`` query parameter.
+            max_page_size: Maximum allowed value for ``items_per_page`` (enforced via
+                ``le`` on the ``Query``).
+            default_pagination_type: Default pagination strategy.
+            include_total: Server-side flag forwarded as-is to ``include_total`` in
+                :meth:`paginate`. Not exposed as a query parameter.
+
+        Returns:
+            An async dependency that resolves to a dict with ``pagination_type``,
+            ``page``, ``cursor``, ``items_per_page``, and ``include_total`` keys,
+            ready to be unpacked into :meth:`paginate`.
+        """
+
+        async def dependency(
+            pagination_type: PaginationType = Query(
+                default_pagination_type, description="Pagination strategy"
+            ),
+            page: int = Query(
+                1, ge=1, description="Page number (1-indexed, offset only)"
+            ),
+            cursor: str | None = Query(
+                None, description="Cursor token from a previous response (cursor only)"
+            ),
+            items_per_page: int = _page_size_query(default_page_size, max_page_size),
+        ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            return {
+                "pagination_type": pagination_type,
+                "page": page,
+                "cursor": cursor,
+                "items_per_page": items_per_page,
+                "include_total": include_total,
+            }
+
+        dependency.__name__ = f"{cls.model.__name__}PaginateParams"
+        return dependency
+
     @classmethod
     def order_params(
         cls: type[Self],
@@ -922,6 +1053,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         order_by: OrderByClause | None = None,
         page: int = 1,
         items_per_page: int = 20,
+        include_total: bool = True,
         search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
         search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
         facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
@@ -939,6 +1071,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             order_by: Column or list of columns to order by
             page: Page number (1-indexed)
             items_per_page: Number of items per page
+            include_total: When ``False``, skip the ``COUNT`` query;
+                ``pagination.total_count`` will be ``None``.
             search: Search query string or SearchConfig object
             search_fields: Fields to search in (overrides class default)
             facet_fields: Columns to compute distinct values for (overrides class default)
@@ -983,28 +1117,39 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         if order_by is not None:
             q = q.order_by(order_by)
 
-        q = q.offset(offset).limit(items_per_page)
-        result = await session.execute(q)
-        raw_items = cast(list[ModelType], result.unique().scalars().all())
+        if include_total:
+            q = q.offset(offset).limit(items_per_page)
+            result = await session.execute(q)
+            raw_items = cast(list[ModelType], result.unique().scalars().all())
+
+            # Count query (with same joins and filters)
+            pk_col = cls.model.__mapper__.primary_key[0]
+            count_q = select(func.count(func.distinct(getattr(cls.model, pk_col.name))))
+            count_q = count_q.select_from(cls.model)
+
+            # Apply explicit joins to count query
+            count_q = _apply_joins(count_q, joins, outer_join)
+
+            # Apply search joins to count query
+            count_q = _apply_search_joins(count_q, search_joins)
+
+            if filters:
+                count_q = count_q.where(and_(*filters))
+
+            count_result = await session.execute(count_q)
+            total_count: int | None = count_result.scalar_one()
+            has_more = page * items_per_page < total_count
+        else:
+            # Fetch one extra row to detect if a next page exists without COUNT
+            q = q.offset(offset).limit(items_per_page + 1)
+            result = await session.execute(q)
+            raw_items = cast(list[ModelType], result.unique().scalars().all())
+            has_more = len(raw_items) > items_per_page
+            raw_items = raw_items[:items_per_page]
+            total_count = None
+
         items: list[Any] = [schema.model_validate(item) for item in raw_items]
 
-        # Count query (with same joins and filters)
-        pk_col = cls.model.__mapper__.primary_key[0]
-        count_q = select(func.count(func.distinct(getattr(cls.model, pk_col.name))))
-        count_q = count_q.select_from(cls.model)
-
-        # Apply explicit joins to count query
-        count_q = _apply_joins(count_q, joins, outer_join)
-
-        # Apply search joins to count query
-        count_q = _apply_search_joins(count_q, search_joins)
-
-        if filters:
-            count_q = count_q.where(and_(*filters))
-
-        count_result = await session.execute(count_q)
-        total_count = count_result.scalar_one()
-
         filter_attributes = await cls._build_filter_attributes(
             session, facet_fields, filters, search_joins
         )
@@ -1015,7 +1160,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
                 total_count=total_count,
                 items_per_page=items_per_page,
                 page=page,
-                has_more=page * items_per_page < total_count,
+                has_more=has_more,
             ),
             filter_attributes=filter_attributes,
         )
@@ -1190,6 +1335,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         page: int = ...,
         cursor: str | None = ...,
         items_per_page: int = ...,
+        include_total: bool = ...,
         search: str | SearchConfig | None = ...,
         search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = ...,
         facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = ...,
@@ -1212,6 +1358,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         page: int = ...,
         cursor: str | None = ...,
         items_per_page: int = ...,
+        include_total: bool = ...,
         search: str | SearchConfig | None = ...,
         search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = ...,
         facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = ...,
@@ -1233,6 +1380,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         page: int = 1,
         cursor: str | None = None,
         items_per_page: int = 20,
+        include_total: bool = True,
         search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
         search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
         facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
@@ -1258,6 +1406,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
                 :class:`.CursorPaginatedResponse`.  Only used when
                 ``pagination_type`` is ``CURSOR``.
             items_per_page: Number of items per page (default 20).
+            include_total: When ``False``, skip the ``COUNT`` query;
+                only applies when ``pagination_type`` is ``OFFSET``.
             search: Search query string or :class:`.SearchConfig` object.
             search_fields: Fields to search in (overrides class default).
             facet_fields: Columns to compute distinct values for (overrides
@@ -1304,6 +1454,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
                     order_by=order_by,
                     page=page,
                     items_per_page=items_per_page,
+                    include_total=include_total,
                     search=search,
                     search_fields=search_fields,
                     facet_fields=facet_fields,

src/fastapi_toolsets/models/watched.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Field-change monitoring via SQLAlchemy session events."""
 
 import asyncio
+import inspect
 import weakref
 from collections.abc import Awaitable
 from enum import Enum
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ from typing import Any, TypeVar
 from sqlalchemy import event
 from sqlalchemy import inspect as sa_inspect
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import set_committed_value as _sa_set_committed_value
 
 from ..logger import get_logger
 
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ _SESSION_PENDING_NEW = "_ft_pending_new"
 _SESSION_CREATES = "_ft_creates"
 _SESSION_DELETES = "_ft_deletes"
 _SESSION_UPDATES = "_ft_updates"
+_SESSION_SAVEPOINT_DEPTH = "_ft_sp_depth"
 
 
 class ModelEvent(str, Enum):
@@ -53,6 +56,25 @@ def watch(*fields: str) -> Any:
     return decorator
 
 
+def _snapshot_column_attrs(obj: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Read currently-loaded column values into a plain dict."""
+    state = sa_inspect(obj)  # InstanceState
+    state_dict = state.dict
+    return {
+        prop.key: state_dict[prop.key]
+        for prop in state.mapper.column_attrs
+        if prop.key in state_dict
+    }
+
+
+def _get_watched_fields(cls: type) -> list[str] | None:
+    """Return the watched fields for *cls*, walking the MRO to inherit from parents."""
+    for klass in cls.__mro__:
+        if klass in _WATCHED_FIELDS:
+            return _WATCHED_FIELDS[klass]
+    return None
+
+
 def _upsert_changes(
     pending: dict[int, tuple[Any, dict[str, dict[str, Any]]]],
     obj: Any,
@@ -71,6 +93,22 @@ def _upsert_changes(
         pending[key] = (obj, changes)
 
 
+@event.listens_for(AsyncSession.sync_session_class, "after_transaction_create")
+def _after_transaction_create(session: Any, transaction: Any) -> None:
+    if transaction.nested:
+        session.info[_SESSION_SAVEPOINT_DEPTH] = (
+            session.info.get(_SESSION_SAVEPOINT_DEPTH, 0) + 1
+        )
+
+
+@event.listens_for(AsyncSession.sync_session_class, "after_transaction_end")
+def _after_transaction_end(session: Any, transaction: Any) -> None:
+    if transaction.nested:
+        depth = session.info.get(_SESSION_SAVEPOINT_DEPTH, 0)
+        if depth > 0:  # pragma: no branch
+            session.info[_SESSION_SAVEPOINT_DEPTH] = depth - 1
+
+
 @event.listens_for(AsyncSession.sync_session_class, "after_flush")
 def _after_flush(session: Any, flush_context: Any) -> None:
     # New objects: capture references while session.new is still populated.
@@ -90,7 +128,7 @@ def _after_flush(session: Any, flush_context: Any) -> None:
             continue
 
         # None = not in dict = watch all fields; list = specific fields only
-        watched = _WATCHED_FIELDS.get(type(obj))
+        watched = _get_watched_fields(type(obj))
         changes: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
 
         attrs = (
@@ -139,26 +177,53 @@ def _task_error_handler(task: asyncio.Task[Any]) -> None:
         _logger.error(_CALLBACK_ERROR_MSG, exc_info=exc)
 
 
-def _call_callback(loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, fn: Any, *args: Any) -> None:
-    """Dispatch *fn* with *args*, handling both sync and async callables."""
-    try:
-        result = fn(*args)
-    except Exception as exc:
-        _logger.error(_CALLBACK_ERROR_MSG, exc_info=exc)
-        return
-    if asyncio.iscoroutine(result):
-        task = loop.create_task(result)
-        task.add_done_callback(_task_error_handler)
+def _schedule_with_snapshot(
+    loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop, obj: Any, fn: Any, *args: Any
+) -> None:
+    """Snapshot *obj*'s column attrs now (before expire_on_commit wipes them),
+    then schedule a coroutine that restores the snapshot and calls *fn*.
+    """
+    snapshot = _snapshot_column_attrs(obj)
+
+    async def _run(
+        obj: Any = obj,
+        fn: Any = fn,
+        snapshot: dict[str, Any] = snapshot,
+        args: tuple = args,
+    ) -> None:
+        for key, value in snapshot.items():
+            _sa_set_committed_value(obj, key, value)
+        try:
+            result = fn(*args)
+            if inspect.isawaitable(result):
+                await result
+        except Exception as exc:
+            _logger.error(_CALLBACK_ERROR_MSG, exc_info=exc)
+
+    task = loop.create_task(_run())
+    task.add_done_callback(_task_error_handler)
 
 
 @event.listens_for(AsyncSession.sync_session_class, "after_commit")
 def _after_commit(session: Any) -> None:
+    if session.info.get(_SESSION_SAVEPOINT_DEPTH, 0) > 0:
+        return
+
     creates: list[Any] = session.info.pop(_SESSION_CREATES, [])
     deletes: list[Any] = session.info.pop(_SESSION_DELETES, [])
     field_changes: dict[int, tuple[Any, dict[str, dict[str, Any]]]] = session.info.pop(
         _SESSION_UPDATES, {}
     )
 
+    if creates and deletes:
+        transient_ids = {id(o) for o in creates} & {id(o) for o in deletes}
+        if transient_ids:
+            creates = [o for o in creates if id(o) not in transient_ids]
+            deletes = [o for o in deletes if id(o) not in transient_ids]
+            field_changes = {
+                k: v for k, v in field_changes.items() if k not in transient_ids
+            }
+
     if not creates and not deletes and not field_changes:
         return
 
@@ -168,13 +233,13 @@ def _after_commit(session: Any) -> None:
         return
 
     for obj in creates:
-        _call_callback(loop, obj.on_create)
+        _schedule_with_snapshot(loop, obj, obj.on_create)
 
     for obj in deletes:
-        _call_callback(loop, obj.on_delete)
+        _schedule_with_snapshot(loop, obj, obj.on_delete)
 
     for obj, changes in field_changes.values():
-        _call_callback(loop, obj.on_update, changes)
+        _schedule_with_snapshot(loop, obj, obj.on_update, changes)
 
 
 class WatchedFieldsMixin:

src/fastapi_toolsets/schemas.py

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 """Base Pydantic schemas for API responses."""
 
+import math
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Annotated, Any, ClassVar, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, Union
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, computed_field
 
 from .types import DataT
 
@@ -98,17 +99,29 @@ class OffsetPagination(PydanticBase):
     """Pagination metadata for offset-based list responses.
 
     Attributes:
-        total_count: Total number of items across all pages
+        total_count: Total number of items across all pages.
+            ``None`` when ``include_total=False``.
         items_per_page: Number of items per page
         page: Current page number (1-indexed)
         has_more: Whether there are more pages
+        pages: Total number of pages
     """
 
-    total_count: int
+    total_count: int | None
     items_per_page: int
     page: int
     has_more: bool
 
+    @computed_field
+    @property
+    def pages(self) -> int | None:
+        """Total number of pages, or ``None`` when ``total_count`` is unknown."""
+        if self.total_count is None:
+            return None
+        if self.items_per_page == 0:
+            return 0
+        return math.ceil(self.total_count / self.items_per_page)
+
 
 class CursorPagination(PydanticBase):
     """Pagination metadata for cursor-based list responses.

tests/conftest.py

@@ -321,30 +321,3 @@ async def db_session(engine):
         # Drop tables after test
         async with engine.begin() as conn:
             await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def sample_role_data() -> RoleCreate:
-    """Sample role creation data."""
-    return RoleCreate(name="admin")
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def sample_user_data() -> UserCreate:
-    """Sample user creation data."""
-    return UserCreate(
-        username="testuser",
-        email="test@example.com",
-        is_active=True,
-    )
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def sample_post_data() -> PostCreate:
-    """Sample post creation data."""
-    return PostCreate(
-        title="Test Post",
-        content="Test content",
-        is_published=True,
-        author_id=uuid.uuid4(),
-    )

tests/test_crud.py

@@ -1759,6 +1759,52 @@ class TestSchemaResponse:
         assert result.data[0].username == "pg_user"
         assert not hasattr(result.data[0], "email")
 
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_include_total_false_skips_count(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """offset_paginate with include_total=False returns total_count=None."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
+
+        for i in range(5):
+            await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
+
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, include_total=False, schema=RoleRead
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
+        assert result.pagination.total_count is None
+        assert len(result.data) == 5
+        assert result.pagination.has_more is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_include_total_false_has_more_true(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """offset_paginate with include_total=False sets has_more via extra-row probe."""
+        for i in range(15):
+            await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
+
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, include_total=False, schema=RoleRead
+        )
+
+        assert result.pagination.total_count is None
+        assert result.pagination.has_more is True
+        assert len(result.data) == 10
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_include_total_false_exact_page_boundary(
+        self, db_session: AsyncSession
+    ):
+        """offset_paginate with include_total=False: has_more=False when items == page size."""
+        for i in range(10):
+            await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
+
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, include_total=False, schema=RoleRead
+        )
+
+        assert result.pagination.has_more is False
+        assert len(result.data) == 10
+
 
 class TestCursorPaginate:
     """Tests for cursor-based pagination via cursor_paginate()."""
@@ -2521,3 +2567,20 @@ class TestPaginate:
                 pagination_type="unknown",
                 schema=RoleRead,
             )  # type: ignore[no-matching-overload]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_offset_include_total_false(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """paginate() passes include_total=False through to offset_paginate."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
+
+        await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="admin"))
+
+        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(
+            db_session,
+            pagination_type=PaginationType.OFFSET,
+            include_total=False,
+            schema=RoleRead,
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
+        assert result.pagination.total_count is None

tests/test_crud_search.py

@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.crud import (
     get_searchable_fields,
 )
 from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import InvalidOrderFieldError
-from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination, PaginationType
 
 from .conftest import (
     Role,
     RoleCreate,
     RoleCrud,
+    RoleCursorCrud,
+    RoleRead,
     User,
     UserCreate,
     UserCrud,
@@ -1193,3 +1195,245 @@ class TestOrderParamsSchema:
 
         assert results[0].username == "alice"
         assert results[1].username == "charlie"
+
+
+class TestOffsetParamsSchema:
+    """Tests for AsyncCrud.offset_params()."""
+
+    def test_returns_page_and_items_per_page_params(self):
+        """Returned dependency has page and items_per_page params only."""
+        dep = RoleCrud.offset_params()
+        param_names = set(inspect.signature(dep).parameters)
+        assert param_names == {"page", "items_per_page"}
+
+    def test_dependency_name_includes_model_name(self):
+        """Dependency function is named after the model."""
+        dep = RoleCrud.offset_params()
+        assert getattr(dep, "__name__") == "RoleOffsetParams"
+
+    def test_default_page_size_reflected_in_items_per_page_default(self):
+        """default_page_size is used as the default for items_per_page."""
+        dep = RoleCrud.offset_params(default_page_size=42)
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        assert sig.parameters["items_per_page"].default.default == 42
+
+    def test_max_page_size_reflected_in_items_per_page_le(self):
+        """max_page_size is used as le constraint on items_per_page."""
+        dep = RoleCrud.offset_params(max_page_size=50)
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        le = next(
+            m.le
+            for m in sig.parameters["items_per_page"].default.metadata
+            if hasattr(m, "le")
+        )
+        assert le == 50
+
+    def test_include_total_not_a_query_param(self):
+        """include_total is not exposed as a query parameter."""
+        dep = RoleCrud.offset_params()
+        param_names = set(inspect.signature(dep).parameters)
+        assert "include_total" not in param_names
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_include_total_true_forwarded_in_result(self):
+        """include_total=True factory arg appears in the resolved dict."""
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_params(include_total=True)(
+            page=1, items_per_page=10
+        )
+        assert result["include_total"] is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_include_total_false_forwarded_in_result(self):
+        """include_total=False factory arg appears in the resolved dict."""
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_params(include_total=False)(
+            page=1, items_per_page=10
+        )
+        assert result["include_total"] is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_awaiting_dep_returns_dict(self):
+        """Awaiting the dependency returns a dict with page, items_per_page, include_total."""
+        dep = RoleCrud.offset_params(include_total=False)
+        result = await dep(page=2, items_per_page=10)
+        assert result == {"page": 2, "items_per_page": 10, "include_total": False}
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_integrates_with_offset_paginate(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """offset_params output can be unpacked directly into offset_paginate."""
+        await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="admin"))
+        dep = RoleCrud.offset_params()
+        params = await dep(page=1, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, **params, schema=RoleRead)
+        assert result.pagination.page == 1
+        assert result.pagination.items_per_page == 10
+
+
+class TestCursorParamsSchema:
+    """Tests for AsyncCrud.cursor_params()."""
+
+    def test_returns_cursor_and_items_per_page_params(self):
+        """Returned dependency has cursor and items_per_page params."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.cursor_params()
+        param_names = set(inspect.signature(dep).parameters)
+        assert param_names == {"cursor", "items_per_page"}
+
+    def test_dependency_name_includes_model_name(self):
+        """Dependency function is named after the model."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.cursor_params()
+        assert getattr(dep, "__name__") == "RoleCursorParams"
+
+    def test_default_page_size_reflected_in_items_per_page_default(self):
+        """default_page_size is used as the default for items_per_page."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.cursor_params(default_page_size=15)
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        assert sig.parameters["items_per_page"].default.default == 15
+
+    def test_max_page_size_reflected_in_items_per_page_le(self):
+        """max_page_size is used as le constraint on items_per_page."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.cursor_params(max_page_size=75)
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        le = next(
+            m.le
+            for m in sig.parameters["items_per_page"].default.metadata
+            if hasattr(m, "le")
+        )
+        assert le == 75
+
+    def test_cursor_defaults_to_none(self):
+        """cursor defaults to None."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.cursor_params()
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        assert sig.parameters["cursor"].default.default is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_awaiting_dep_returns_dict(self):
+        """Awaiting the dependency returns a dict with cursor and items_per_page."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.cursor_params()
+        result = await dep(cursor=None, items_per_page=5)
+        assert result == {"cursor": None, "items_per_page": 5}
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_integrates_with_cursor_paginate(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """cursor_params output can be unpacked directly into cursor_paginate."""
+        await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="admin"))
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.cursor_params()
+        params = await dep(cursor=None, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, **params, schema=RoleRead
+        )
+        assert result.pagination.items_per_page == 10
+
+
+class TestPaginateParamsSchema:
+    """Tests for AsyncCrud.paginate_params()."""
+
+    def test_returns_all_params(self):
+        """Returned dependency has pagination_type, page, cursor, items_per_page (no include_total)."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params()
+        param_names = set(inspect.signature(dep).parameters)
+        assert param_names == {"pagination_type", "page", "cursor", "items_per_page"}
+
+    def test_dependency_name_includes_model_name(self):
+        """Dependency function is named after the model."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params()
+        assert getattr(dep, "__name__") == "RolePaginateParams"
+
+    def test_default_pagination_type(self):
+        """default_pagination_type is reflected in pagination_type default."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginationType
+
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params(
+            default_pagination_type=PaginationType.CURSOR
+        )
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        assert (
+            sig.parameters["pagination_type"].default.default == PaginationType.CURSOR
+        )
+
+    def test_default_page_size(self):
+        """default_page_size is reflected in items_per_page default."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params(default_page_size=15)
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        assert sig.parameters["items_per_page"].default.default == 15
+
+    def test_max_page_size_le_constraint(self):
+        """max_page_size is used as le constraint on items_per_page."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params(max_page_size=60)
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        le = next(
+            m.le
+            for m in sig.parameters["items_per_page"].default.metadata
+            if hasattr(m, "le")
+        )
+        assert le == 60
+
+    def test_include_total_not_a_query_param(self):
+        """include_total is not exposed as a query parameter."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params()
+        assert "include_total" not in set(inspect.signature(dep).parameters)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_include_total_forwarded_in_result(self):
+        """include_total factory arg appears in the resolved dict."""
+        result_true = await RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params(include_total=True)(
+            pagination_type=PaginationType.OFFSET,
+            page=1,
+            cursor=None,
+            items_per_page=10,
+        )
+        result_false = await RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params(include_total=False)(
+            pagination_type=PaginationType.OFFSET,
+            page=1,
+            cursor=None,
+            items_per_page=10,
+        )
+        assert result_true["include_total"] is True
+        assert result_false["include_total"] is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_awaiting_dep_returns_dict(self):
+        """Awaiting the dependency returns a dict with all pagination keys."""
+        dep = RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params()
+        result = await dep(
+            pagination_type=PaginationType.OFFSET,
+            page=2,
+            cursor=None,
+            items_per_page=10,
+        )
+        assert result == {
+            "pagination_type": PaginationType.OFFSET,
+            "page": 2,
+            "cursor": None,
+            "items_per_page": 10,
+            "include_total": True,
+        }
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_integrates_with_paginate_offset(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """paginate_params output unpacks into paginate() for offset strategy."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
+
+        await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="admin"))
+        params = await RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params()(
+            pagination_type=PaginationType.OFFSET,
+            page=1,
+            cursor=None,
+            items_per_page=10,
+        )
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.paginate(db_session, **params, schema=RoleRead)
+        assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_integrates_with_paginate_cursor(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """paginate_params output unpacks into paginate() for cursor strategy."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
+
+        await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="admin"))
+        params = await RoleCursorCrud.paginate_params()(
+            pagination_type=PaginationType.CURSOR,
+            page=1,
+            cursor=None,
+            items_per_page=10,
+        )
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.paginate(db_session, **params, schema=RoleRead)
+        assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)

tests/test_example_pagination_search.py

@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@ import datetime
 import pytest
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.db import get_db
 from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.models import Article, Base, Category
 from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.routes import router
 from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_db_session
 
 from .conftest import DATABASE_URL
 
@@ -35,20 +36,8 @@ def build_app(session: AsyncSession) -> FastAPI:
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
 async def ex_db_session():
     """Isolated session for the example models (separate tables from conftest)."""
-    engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, echo=False)
-    async with engine.begin() as conn:
-        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
-
-    session_factory = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
-    session = session_factory()
-
-    try:
+    async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base) as session:
         yield session
-    finally:
-        await session.close()
-        async with engine.begin() as conn:
-            await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)
-        await engine.dispose()
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

tests/test_fixtures.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import (
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.utils import _get_primary_key
 
-from .conftest import IntRole, Permission, Role, User
+from .conftest import IntRole, Permission, Role, RoleCrud, User, UserCrud
 
 
 class TestContext:
@@ -447,8 +447,6 @@ class TestLoadFixtures:
         assert "roles" in result
         assert len(result["roles"]) == 2
 
-        from .conftest import RoleCrud
-
         count = await RoleCrud.count(db_session)
         assert count == 2
 
@@ -479,8 +477,6 @@ class TestLoadFixtures:
         assert "roles" in result
         assert "users" in result
 
-        from .conftest import RoleCrud, UserCrud
-
         assert await RoleCrud.count(db_session) == 1
         assert await UserCrud.count(db_session) == 1
 
@@ -497,8 +493,6 @@ class TestLoadFixtures:
         await load_fixtures(db_session, registry, "roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.MERGE)
         await load_fixtures(db_session, registry, "roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.MERGE)
 
-        from .conftest import RoleCrud
-
         count = await RoleCrud.count(db_session)
         assert count == 1
 
@@ -526,8 +520,6 @@ class TestLoadFixtures:
             db_session, registry, "roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
         )
 
-        from .conftest import RoleCrud
-
         role = await RoleCrud.first(db_session, [Role.id == role_id])
         assert role is not None
         assert role.name == "original"
@@ -553,8 +545,6 @@ class TestLoadFixtures:
         assert "roles" in result
         assert len(result["roles"]) == 2
 
-        from .conftest import RoleCrud
-
         count = await RoleCrud.count(db_session)
         assert count == 2
 
@@ -594,8 +584,6 @@ class TestLoadFixtures:
         assert "roles" in result
         assert "other_roles" in result
 
-        from .conftest import RoleCrud
-
         count = await RoleCrud.count(db_session)
         assert count == 2
 
@@ -660,8 +648,6 @@ class TestLoadFixturesByContext:
 
         await load_fixtures_by_context(db_session, registry, Context.BASE)
 
-        from .conftest import RoleCrud
-
         count = await RoleCrud.count(db_session)
         assert count == 1
 
@@ -688,8 +674,6 @@ class TestLoadFixturesByContext:
             db_session, registry, Context.BASE, Context.TESTING
         )
 
-        from .conftest import RoleCrud
-
         count = await RoleCrud.count(db_session)
         assert count == 2
 
@@ -717,8 +701,6 @@ class TestLoadFixturesByContext:
 
         await load_fixtures_by_context(db_session, registry, Context.TESTING)
 
-        from .conftest import RoleCrud, UserCrud
-
         assert await RoleCrud.count(db_session) == 1
         assert await UserCrud.count(db_session) == 1
 

tests/test_imports.py

@@ -171,8 +171,15 @@ class TestPytestImportGuard:
 class TestCliImportGuard:
     """Tests for CLI module import guard when typer is missing."""
 
-    def test_import_raises_without_typer(self):
-        """Importing cli.app raises when typer is missing."""
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "expected_match",
+        [
+            "typer",
+            r"pip install fastapi-toolsets\[cli\]",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_import_raises_without_typer(self, expected_match):
+        """Importing cli.app raises when typer is missing, with an informative error message."""
         saved, blocking_import = _reload_without_package(
             "fastapi_toolsets.cli.app", ["typer"]
         )
@@ -186,33 +193,7 @@ class TestCliImportGuard:
 
         try:
             with patch("builtins.__import__", side_effect=blocking_import):
-                with pytest.raises(ImportError, match="typer"):
-                    importlib.import_module("fastapi_toolsets.cli.app")
-        finally:
-            for key in list(sys.modules):
-                if key.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.cli.app") or key.startswith(
-                    "fastapi_toolsets.cli.config"
-                ):
-                    sys.modules.pop(key, None)
-            sys.modules.update(saved)
-
-    def test_error_message_suggests_cli_extra(self):
-        """Error message suggests installing the cli extra."""
-        saved, blocking_import = _reload_without_package(
-            "fastapi_toolsets.cli.app", ["typer"]
-        )
-        config_keys = [
-            k for k in sys.modules if k.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.cli.config")
-        ]
-        for key in config_keys:
-            if key not in saved:
-                saved[key] = sys.modules.pop(key)
-
-        try:
-            with patch("builtins.__import__", side_effect=blocking_import):
-                with pytest.raises(
-                    ImportError, match=r"pip install fastapi-toolsets\[cli\]"
-                ):
+                with pytest.raises(ImportError, match=expected_match):
                     importlib.import_module("fastapi_toolsets.cli.app")
         finally:
             for key in list(sys.modules):

tests/test_metrics.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """Tests for fastapi_toolsets.metrics module."""
 
-import os
 import tempfile
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
 
@@ -287,6 +286,16 @@ class TestIncludeRegistry:
 class TestInitMetrics:
     """Tests for init_metrics function."""
 
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def metrics_client(self):
+        """Create a FastAPI app with MetricsRegistry and return a TestClient."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        yield client
+        client.close()
+
     def test_returns_app(self):
         """Returns the FastAPI app."""
         app = FastAPI()
@@ -294,26 +303,14 @@ class TestInitMetrics:
         result = init_metrics(app, registry)
         assert result is app
 
-    def test_metrics_endpoint_responds(self):
+    def test_metrics_endpoint_responds(self, metrics_client):
         """The /metrics endpoint returns 200."""
-        app = FastAPI()
-        registry = MetricsRegistry()
-        init_metrics(app, registry)
-
-        client = TestClient(app)
-        response = client.get("/metrics")
-
+        response = metrics_client.get("/metrics")
         assert response.status_code == 200
 
-    def test_metrics_endpoint_content_type(self):
+    def test_metrics_endpoint_content_type(self, metrics_client):
         """The /metrics endpoint returns prometheus content type."""
-        app = FastAPI()
-        registry = MetricsRegistry()
-        init_metrics(app, registry)
-
-        client = TestClient(app)
-        response = client.get("/metrics")
-
+        response = metrics_client.get("/metrics")
         assert "text/plain" in response.headers["content-type"]
 
     def test_custom_path(self):
@@ -445,36 +442,33 @@ class TestInitMetrics:
 class TestMultiProcessMode:
     """Tests for multi-process Prometheus mode."""
 
-    def test_multiprocess_with_env_var(self):
+    def test_multiprocess_with_env_var(self, monkeypatch):
         """Multi-process mode works when PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR is set."""
         with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
-            os.environ["PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR"] = tmpdir
-            try:
-                # Use a separate registry to avoid conflicts with default
-                prom_registry = CollectorRegistry()
-                app = FastAPI()
-                registry = MetricsRegistry()
+            monkeypatch.setenv("PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR", tmpdir)
+            # Use a separate registry to avoid conflicts with default
+            prom_registry = CollectorRegistry()
+            app = FastAPI()
+            registry = MetricsRegistry()
 
-                @registry.register
-                def mp_counter():
-                    return Counter(
-                        "mp_test_counter",
-                        "A multiprocess counter",
-                        registry=prom_registry,
-                    )
+            @registry.register
+            def mp_counter():
+                return Counter(
+                    "mp_test_counter",
+                    "A multiprocess counter",
+                    registry=prom_registry,
+                )
 
-                init_metrics(app, registry)
+            init_metrics(app, registry)
 
-                client = TestClient(app)
-                response = client.get("/metrics")
+            client = TestClient(app)
+            response = client.get("/metrics")
 
-                assert response.status_code == 200
-            finally:
-                del os.environ["PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR"]
+            assert response.status_code == 200
 
-    def test_single_process_without_env_var(self):
+    def test_single_process_without_env_var(self, monkeypatch):
         """Single-process mode when PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR is not set."""
-        os.environ.pop("PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR", None)
+        monkeypatch.delenv("PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR", raising=False)
 
         app = FastAPI()
         registry = MetricsRegistry()

tests/test_models.py

@@ -6,32 +6,32 @@ from contextlib import suppress
 from types import SimpleNamespace
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
-import fastapi_toolsets.models.watched as _watched_module
 import pytest
 from sqlalchemy import String
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
 
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_db_session
+
+import fastapi_toolsets.models.watched as _watched_module
 from fastapi_toolsets.models import (
     CreatedAtMixin,
     ModelEvent,
     TimestampMixin,
+    UpdatedAtMixin,
     UUIDMixin,
     UUIDv7Mixin,
-    UpdatedAtMixin,
     WatchedFieldsMixin,
     watch,
 )
 from fastapi_toolsets.models.watched import (
     _SESSION_CREATES,
     _SESSION_DELETES,
-    _SESSION_UPDATES,
     _SESSION_PENDING_NEW,
+    _SESSION_UPDATES,
     _after_commit,
     _after_flush,
     _after_flush_postexec,
     _after_rollback,
-    _call_callback,
     _task_error_handler,
     _upsert_changes,
 )
@@ -82,8 +82,6 @@ class FullMixinModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, UpdatedAtMixin):
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
 
 
-# --- WatchedFieldsMixin test models ---
-
 _test_events: list[dict] = []
 
 
@@ -128,6 +126,17 @@ class WatchAllModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, WatchedFieldsMixin):
         _test_events.append({"event": "update", "obj_id": self.id, "changes": changes})
 
 
+class FailingCallbackModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, WatchedFieldsMixin):
+    """Model whose on_create always raises to test exception logging."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_failing_callback_models"
+
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+    async def on_create(self) -> None:
+        raise RuntimeError("callback intentionally failed")
+
+
 class NonWatchedModel(MixinBase):
     __tablename__ = "mixin_non_watched_models"
 
@@ -135,7 +144,94 @@ class NonWatchedModel(MixinBase):
     value: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
 
 
+_poly_events: list[dict] = []
+
+
+class PolyAnimal(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, WatchedFieldsMixin):
+    """Base class for STI polymorphism tests."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_poly_animals"
+    __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": "kind", "polymorphic_identity": "animal"}
+
+    kind: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+    async def on_create(self) -> None:
+        _poly_events.append(
+            {"event": "create", "type": type(self).__name__, "obj_id": self.id}
+        )
+
+    async def on_delete(self) -> None:
+        _poly_events.append(
+            {"event": "delete", "type": type(self).__name__, "obj_id": self.id}
+        )
+
+
+class PolyDog(PolyAnimal):
+    """STI subclass — shares the same table as PolyAnimal."""
+
+    __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "dog"}
+
+
+_watch_inherit_events: list[dict] = []
+
+
+@watch("status")
+class WatchParent(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, WatchedFieldsMixin):
+    """Base class with @watch("status") — subclasses should inherit this filter."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_watch_parent"
+    __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_on": "kind", "polymorphic_identity": "parent"}
+
+    kind: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+    other: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+    async def on_update(self, changes: dict) -> None:
+        _watch_inherit_events.append({"type": type(self).__name__, "changes": changes})
+
+
+class WatchChild(WatchParent):
+    """STI subclass that does NOT redeclare @watch — should inherit parent's filter."""
+
+    __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "child"}
+
+
+@watch("other")
+class WatchOverride(WatchParent):
+    """STI subclass that overrides @watch with a different field."""
+
+    __mapper_args__ = {"polymorphic_identity": "override"}
+
+
+_attr_access_events: list[dict] = []
+
+
+class AttrAccessModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, WatchedFieldsMixin):
+    """Model used to verify that self attributes are accessible in every callback."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_attr_access_models"
+
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+    async def on_create(self) -> None:
+        _attr_access_events.append(
+            {"event": "create", "id": self.id, "name": self.name}
+        )
+
+    async def on_delete(self) -> None:
+        _attr_access_events.append(
+            {"event": "delete", "id": self.id, "name": self.name}
+        )
+
+    async def on_update(self, changes: dict) -> None:
+        _attr_access_events.append(
+            {"event": "update", "id": self.id, "name": self.name}
+        )
+
+
 _sync_events: list[dict] = []
+_future_events: list[str] = []
 
 
 @watch("status")
@@ -156,22 +252,33 @@ class SyncCallbackModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, WatchedFieldsMixin):
         _sync_events.append({"event": "update", "changes": changes})
 
 
+class FutureCallbackModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, WatchedFieldsMixin):
+    """Model whose on_create returns an asyncio.Task (awaitable, not a coroutine)."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_future_callback_models"
+
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+    def on_create(self) -> "asyncio.Task[None]":
+        async def _work() -> None:
+            _future_events.append("created")
+
+        return asyncio.ensure_future(_work())
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
 async def mixin_session():
-    engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, echo=False)
-    async with engine.begin() as conn:
-        await conn.run_sync(MixinBase.metadata.create_all)
-
-    session_factory = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
-    session = session_factory()
-
-    try:
+    async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, MixinBase) as session:
+        yield session
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+async def mixin_session_expire():
+    """Session with expire_on_commit=True (the default) to exercise attribute access after commit."""
+    async with create_db_session(
+        DATABASE_URL, MixinBase, expire_on_commit=True
+    ) as session:
         yield session
-    finally:
-        await session.close()
-        async with engine.begin() as conn:
-            await conn.run_sync(MixinBase.metadata.drop_all)
-        await engine.dispose()
 
 
 class TestUUIDMixin:
@@ -418,6 +525,67 @@ class TestWatchDecorator:
             watch()
 
 
+class TestWatchInheritance:
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def clear_events(self):
+        _watch_inherit_events.clear()
+        yield
+        _watch_inherit_events.clear()
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_child_inherits_parent_watch_filter(self, mixin_session):
+        """Subclass without @watch inherits the parent's field filter."""
+        obj = WatchChild(status="initial", other="x")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        obj.other = "changed"  # not watched by parent's @watch("status")
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        assert _watch_inherit_events == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_child_triggers_on_watched_field(self, mixin_session):
+        """Subclass without @watch triggers on_update for the parent's watched field."""
+        obj = WatchChild(status="initial", other="x")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        obj.status = "updated"
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        assert len(_watch_inherit_events) == 1
+        assert _watch_inherit_events[0]["type"] == "WatchChild"
+        assert "status" in _watch_inherit_events[0]["changes"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_subclass_override_takes_precedence(self, mixin_session):
+        """Subclass @watch overrides the parent's field filter."""
+        obj = WatchOverride(status="initial", other="x")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        obj.status = (
+            "changed"  # watched by parent but overridden by child's @watch("other")
+        )
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        assert _watch_inherit_events == []
+
+        obj.other = "changed"
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        assert len(_watch_inherit_events) == 1
+        assert "other" in _watch_inherit_events[0]["changes"]
+
+
 class TestUpsertChanges:
     def test_inserts_new_entry(self):
         """New key is inserted with the full changes dict."""
@@ -742,6 +910,16 @@ class TestWatchedFieldsMixin:
 
         assert _test_events == []
 
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_callback_exception_is_logged(self, mixin_session):
+        """Exceptions raised inside on_create are logged, not propagated."""
+        obj = FailingCallbackModel(name="boom")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        with patch.object(_watched_module._logger, "error") as mock_error:
+            await mixin_session.commit()
+            await asyncio.sleep(0)
+            mock_error.assert_called_once()
+
     @pytest.mark.anyio
     async def test_non_watched_model_no_callback(self, mixin_session):
         """Dirty objects whose type is not a WatchedFieldsMixin are skipped."""
@@ -806,6 +984,119 @@ class TestWatchedFieldsMixin:
         }
 
 
+class TestTransientObject:
+    """Create + delete within the same transaction should fire no events."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def clear_events(self):
+        _test_events.clear()
+        yield
+        _test_events.clear()
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_no_events_when_created_and_deleted_in_same_transaction(
+        self, mixin_session
+    ):
+        """Neither on_create nor on_delete fires when the object never survives a commit."""
+        obj = WatchedModel(status="active", other="x")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.delete(obj)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        assert _test_events == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_other_objects_unaffected(self, mixin_session):
+        """on_create still fires for objects that are not deleted in the same transaction."""
+        survivor = WatchedModel(status="active", other="x")
+        transient = WatchedModel(status="gone", other="y")
+        mixin_session.add(survivor)
+        mixin_session.add(transient)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.delete(transient)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        creates = [e for e in _test_events if e["event"] == "create"]
+        deletes = [e for e in _test_events if e["event"] == "delete"]
+        assert len(creates) == 1
+        assert creates[0]["obj_id"] == survivor.id
+        assert deletes == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_distinct_create_and_delete_both_fire(self, mixin_session):
+        """on_create and on_delete both fire when different objects are created and deleted."""
+        existing = WatchedModel(status="old", other="x")
+        mixin_session.add(existing)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        _test_events.clear()
+
+        new_obj = WatchedModel(status="new", other="y")
+        mixin_session.add(new_obj)
+        await mixin_session.delete(existing)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        creates = [e for e in _test_events if e["event"] == "create"]
+        deletes = [e for e in _test_events if e["event"] == "delete"]
+        assert len(creates) == 1
+        assert len(deletes) == 1
+
+
+class TestPolymorphism:
+    """WatchedFieldsMixin with STI (Single Table Inheritance)."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def clear_events(self):
+        _poly_events.clear()
+        yield
+        _poly_events.clear()
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_on_create_fires_once_for_subclass(self, mixin_session):
+        """on_create fires exactly once for a STI subclass instance."""
+        dog = PolyDog(name="Rex")
+        mixin_session.add(dog)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        assert len(_poly_events) == 1
+        assert _poly_events[0]["event"] == "create"
+        assert _poly_events[0]["type"] == "PolyDog"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_on_delete_fires_for_subclass(self, mixin_session):
+        """on_delete fires for a STI subclass instance."""
+        dog = PolyDog(name="Rex")
+        mixin_session.add(dog)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        _poly_events.clear()
+
+        await mixin_session.delete(dog)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        assert len(_poly_events) == 1
+        assert _poly_events[0]["event"] == "delete"
+        assert _poly_events[0]["type"] == "PolyDog"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_transient_subclass_fires_no_events(self, mixin_session):
+        """Create + delete of a STI subclass in one transaction fires no events."""
+        dog = PolyDog(name="Rex")
+        mixin_session.add(dog)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.delete(dog)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        assert _poly_events == []
+
+
 class TestWatchAll:
     @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
     def clear_events(self):
@@ -903,65 +1194,88 @@ class TestSyncCallbacks:
         assert updates[0]["changes"]["status"] == {"old": "initial", "new": "updated"}
 
 
-class TestCallCallback:
+class TestFutureCallbacks:
+    """Callbacks returning a non-coroutine awaitable (asyncio.Task / Future)."""
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def clear_events(self):
+        _future_events.clear()
+        yield
+        _future_events.clear()
+
     @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_async_callback_scheduled_as_task(self):
-        """_call_callback schedules async functions as tasks."""
-        called = []
-
-        async def async_fn() -> None:
-            called.append("async")
-
-        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-        _call_callback(loop, async_fn)
+    async def test_task_callback_is_awaited(self, mixin_session):
+        """on_create returning an asyncio.Task is awaited and its work completes."""
+        obj = FutureCallbackModel(name="test")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.commit()
+        # Two turns: one for _run() to execute, one for the inner _work() task.
         await asyncio.sleep(0)
-        assert called == ["async"]
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_sync_callback_called_directly(self):
-        """_call_callback invokes sync functions immediately."""
-        called = []
-
-        def sync_fn() -> None:
-            called.append("sync")
-
-        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-        _call_callback(loop, sync_fn)
-        assert called == ["sync"]
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_sync_callback_exception_logged(self):
-        """_call_callback logs exceptions from sync callbacks."""
-
-        def failing_fn() -> None:
-            raise RuntimeError("sync error")
-
-        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-        with patch.object(_watched_module._logger, "error") as mock_error:
-            _call_callback(loop, failing_fn)
-            mock_error.assert_called_once()
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_async_callback_with_args(self):
-        """_call_callback passes arguments to async callbacks."""
-        received = []
-
-        async def async_fn(changes: dict) -> None:
-            received.append(changes)
-
-        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-        _call_callback(loop, async_fn, {"status": {"old": "a", "new": "b"}})
         await asyncio.sleep(0)
-        assert received == [{"status": {"old": "a", "new": "b"}}]
+
+        assert _future_events == ["created"]
+
+
+class TestAttributeAccessInCallbacks:
+    """Verify that self attributes are accessible inside every callback type.
+
+    Uses expire_on_commit=True (the SQLAlchemy default) so the tests would fail
+    without the snapshot-restore logic in _schedule_with_snapshot.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def clear_events(self):
+        _attr_access_events.clear()
+        yield
+        _attr_access_events.clear()
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_sync_callback_with_args(self):
-        """_call_callback passes arguments to sync callbacks."""
-        received = []
+    async def test_on_create_pk_and_field_accessible(self, mixin_session_expire):
+        """id (server default) and regular fields are readable inside on_create."""
+        obj = AttrAccessModel(name="hello")
+        mixin_session_expire.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session_expire.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
 
-        def sync_fn(changes: dict) -> None:
-            received.append(changes)
+        events = [e for e in _attr_access_events if e["event"] == "create"]
+        assert len(events) == 1
+        assert isinstance(events[0]["id"], uuid.UUID)
+        assert events[0]["name"] == "hello"
 
-        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-        _call_callback(loop, sync_fn, {"x": 1})
-        assert received == [{"x": 1}]
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_on_delete_pk_and_field_accessible(self, mixin_session_expire):
+        """id and regular fields are readable inside on_delete."""
+        obj = AttrAccessModel(name="to-delete")
+        mixin_session_expire.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session_expire.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        _attr_access_events.clear()
+
+        await mixin_session_expire.delete(obj)
+        await mixin_session_expire.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        events = [e for e in _attr_access_events if e["event"] == "delete"]
+        assert len(events) == 1
+        assert isinstance(events[0]["id"], uuid.UUID)
+        assert events[0]["name"] == "to-delete"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_on_update_pk_and_updated_field_accessible(
+        self, mixin_session_expire
+    ):
+        """id and the new field value are readable inside on_update."""
+        obj = AttrAccessModel(name="original")
+        mixin_session_expire.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session_expire.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+        _attr_access_events.clear()
+
+        obj.name = "updated"
+        await mixin_session_expire.commit()
+        await asyncio.sleep(0)
+
+        events = [e for e in _attr_access_events if e["event"] == "update"]
+        assert len(events) == 1
+        assert isinstance(events[0]["id"], uuid.UUID)
+        assert events[0]["name"] == "updated"

tests/test_schemas.py

@@ -201,6 +201,88 @@ class TestOffsetPagination:
         assert data["page"] == 2
         assert data["has_more"] is True
 
+    def test_total_count_can_be_none(self):
+        """total_count accepts None (include_total=False mode)."""
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
+            total_count=None,
+            items_per_page=20,
+            page=1,
+            has_more=True,
+        )
+        assert pagination.total_count is None
+
+    def test_serialization_with_none_total_count(self):
+        """OffsetPagination serializes total_count=None correctly."""
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
+            total_count=None,
+            items_per_page=20,
+            page=1,
+            has_more=False,
+        )
+        data = pagination.model_dump()
+        assert data["total_count"] is None
+
+    def test_pages_computed(self):
+        """pages is ceil(total_count / items_per_page)."""
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
+            total_count=42,
+            items_per_page=10,
+            page=1,
+            has_more=True,
+        )
+        assert pagination.pages == 5
+
+    def test_pages_exact_division(self):
+        """pages is exact when total_count is evenly divisible."""
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
+            total_count=40,
+            items_per_page=10,
+            page=1,
+            has_more=False,
+        )
+        assert pagination.pages == 4
+
+    def test_pages_zero_total(self):
+        """pages is 0 when total_count is 0."""
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
+            total_count=0,
+            items_per_page=10,
+            page=1,
+            has_more=False,
+        )
+        assert pagination.pages == 0
+
+    def test_pages_zero_items_per_page(self):
+        """pages is 0 when items_per_page is 0."""
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
+            total_count=100,
+            items_per_page=0,
+            page=1,
+            has_more=False,
+        )
+        assert pagination.pages == 0
+
+    def test_pages_none_when_total_count_none(self):
+        """pages is None when total_count is None (include_total=False)."""
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
+            total_count=None,
+            items_per_page=20,
+            page=1,
+            has_more=True,
+        )
+        assert pagination.pages is None
+
+    def test_pages_in_serialization(self):
+        """pages appears in model_dump output."""
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
+            total_count=25,
+            items_per_page=10,
+            page=1,
+            has_more=True,
+        )
+        data = pagination.model_dump()
+        assert data["pages"] == 3
+
 
 class TestCursorPagination:
     """Tests for CursorPagination schema."""

uv.lock

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastapi-toolsets"
-version = "2.3.0"
+version = "2.4.2"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "asyncpg" },