Version 2.1.0

Bumps [zensical](https://github.com/zensical/zensical) from 0.0.23 to 0.0.24.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/zensical/zensical/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/zensical/zensical/compare/v0.0.23...v0.0.24)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: zensical
  dependency-version: 0.0.24
  dependency-type: direct:development
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

README.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ A modular collection of production-ready utilities for FastAPI. Install only wha
 
 ## Installation
 
-The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, logging):
+The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, model mixins, logging):
 
 ```bash
 uv add fastapi-toolsets
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ uv add fastapi-toolsets
 Install only the extras you need:
 
 ```bash
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"      # CLI (typer)
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"  # Prometheus metrics (prometheus_client)
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"   # Pytest helpers (httpx, pytest-xdist)
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"
 ```
 
 Or install everything:
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ uv add "fastapi-toolsets[all]"
 - **Database**: Session management, transaction helpers, table locking, and polling-based row change detection
 - **Dependencies**: FastAPI dependency factories (`PathDependency`, `BodyDependency`) for automatic DB lookups from path or body parameters
 - **Fixtures**: Fixture system with dependency management, context support, and pytest integration
+- **Model Mixins**: SQLAlchemy mixins for common column patterns (`UUIDMixin`, `CreatedAtMixin`, `UpdatedAtMixin`, `TimestampMixin`)
 - **Standardized API Responses**: Consistent response format with `Response`, `PaginatedResponse`, and `PydanticBase`
 - **Exception Handling**: Structured error responses with automatic OpenAPI documentation
 - **Logging**: Logging configuration with uvicorn integration via `configure_logging` and `get_logger`

docs/examples/pagination-search.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Pagination & search
 
-This example builds an articles listing endpoint that supports **offset pagination**, **cursor pagination**, **full-text search**, and **faceted filtering** — all from a single `CrudFactory` definition.
+This example builds an articles listing endpoint that supports **offset pagination**, **cursor pagination**, **full-text search**, **faceted filtering**, and **sorting** — all from a single `CrudFactory` definition.
 
 ## Models
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This example builds an articles listing endpoint that supports **offset paginati
 
 ## Crud
 
-Declare `facet_fields` and `searchable_fields` once on [`CrudFactory`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.CrudFactory). All endpoints built from this class share the same defaults and can override them per call.
+Declare `searchable_fields`, `facet_fields`, and `order_fields` once on [`CrudFactory`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.CrudFactory). All endpoints built from this class share the same defaults and can override them per call.
 
 ```python title="crud.py"
 --8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/crud.py"
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ Declare `facet_fields` and `searchable_fields` once on [`CrudFactory`](../refere
 
 Best for admin panels or any UI that needs a total item count and numbered pages.
 
-```python title="routes.py:1:27"
---8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py:1:27"
+```python title="routes.py:1:36"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py:1:36"
 ```
 
 **Example request**
 
 ```
-GET /articles/offset?page=2&items_per_page=10&search=fastapi&status=published
+GET /articles/offset?page=2&items_per_page=10&search=fastapi&status=published&order_by=title&order=asc
 ```
 
 **Example response**
@@ -83,14 +83,14 @@ GET /articles/offset?page=2&items_per_page=10&search=fastapi&status=published
 
 Best for feeds, infinite scroll, or any high-throughput API where offset performance degrades.
 
-```python title="routes.py:30:45"
---8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py:30:45"
+```python title="routes.py:39:59"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py:39:59"
 ```
 
 **Example request**
 
 ```
-GET /articles/cursor?items_per_page=10&status=published
+GET /articles/cursor?items_per_page=10&status=published&order_by=created_at&order=desc
 ```
 
 **Example response**

docs/index.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ A modular collection of production-ready utilities for FastAPI. Install only wha
 
 ## Installation
 
-The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, logging):
+The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, model mixins, logging):
 
 ```bash
 uv add fastapi-toolsets
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ uv add fastapi-toolsets
 Install only the extras you need:
 
 ```bash
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"      # CLI (typer)
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"  # Prometheus metrics (prometheus_client)
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"   # Pytest helpers (httpx, pytest-xdist)
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"
 ```
 
 Or install everything:
@@ -44,10 +44,11 @@ uv add "fastapi-toolsets[all]"
 
 ### Core
 
-- **CRUD**: Generic async CRUD operations with `CrudFactory`, built-in full-text/faceted search and offset/cursor pagination.
+- **CRUD**: Generic async CRUD operations with `CrudFactory`, built-in full-text/faceted search and Offset/Cursor pagination.
 - **Database**: Session management, transaction helpers, table locking, and polling-based row change detection
 - **Dependencies**: FastAPI dependency factories (`PathDependency`, `BodyDependency`) for automatic DB lookups from path or body parameters
 - **Fixtures**: Fixture system with dependency management, context support, and pytest integration
+- **Model Mixins**: SQLAlchemy mixins for common column patterns (`UUIDMixin`, `CreatedAtMixin`, `UpdatedAtMixin`, `TimestampMixin`)
 - **Standardized API Responses**: Consistent response format with `Response`, `PaginatedResponse`, and `PydanticBase`
 - **Exception Handling**: Structured error responses with automatic OpenAPI documentation
 - **Logging**: Logging configuration with uvicorn integration via `configure_logging` and `get_logger`

docs/migration/v2.md

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# Migrating to v2.0
+
+This page covers every breaking change introduced in **v2.0** and the steps required to update your code.
+
+---
+
+## CRUD
+
+### `schema` is now required in `offset_paginate()` and `cursor_paginate()`
+
+Calls that omit `schema` will now raise a `TypeError` at runtime.
+
+Previously `schema` was optional; omitting it returned raw SQLAlchemy model instances inside the response. It is now a required keyword argument and the response always contains serialized schema instances.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    # schema omitted — returned raw model instances
+    result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, page=1)
+    result = await UserCrud.cursor_paginate(session=session, cursor=token)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, page=1, schema=UserRead)
+    result = await UserCrud.cursor_paginate(session=session, cursor=token, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+### `as_response` removed from `create()`, `get()`, and `update()`
+
+Passing `as_response` to these methods will raise a `TypeError` at runtime.
+
+The `as_response=True` shorthand is replaced by passing a `schema` directly. The return value is a `Response[schema]` when `schema` is provided, or the raw model instance when it is not.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    user = await UserCrud.create(session=session, obj=data, as_response=True)
+    user = await UserCrud.get(session=session, filters=filters, as_response=True)
+    user = await UserCrud.update(session=session, obj=data, filters, as_response=True)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    user = await UserCrud.create(session=session, obj=data, schema=UserRead)
+    user = await UserCrud.get(session=session, filters=filters, schema=UserRead)
+    user = await UserCrud.update(session=session, obj=data, filters, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+### `delete()`: `as_response` renamed and return type changed
+
+`as_response` is gone, and the plain (non-response) call no longer returns `True`.
+
+Two changes were made to `delete()`:
+
+1. The `as_response` parameter is renamed to `return_response`.
+2. When called without `return_response=True`, the method now returns `None` on success instead of `True`.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    ok = await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters)
+    if ok:  # True on success
+        ...
+
+    response = await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters, as_response=True)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters)  # returns None
+
+    response = await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters, return_response=True)
+    ```
+
+### `paginate()` alias removed
+
+Any call to `crud.paginate(...)` will raise `AttributeError` at runtime.
+
+The `paginate` shorthand was an alias for `offset_paginate`. It has been removed; call `offset_paginate` directly.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    result = await UserCrud.paginate(session=session, page=2, items_per_page=20, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, page=2, items_per_page=20, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+---
+
+## Exceptions
+
+### Missing `api_error` raises `TypeError` at class definition time
+
+Unfinished or stub exception subclasses that previously compiled fine will now fail on import.
+
+In `v1`, a subclass without `api_error` would only fail when the exception was raised. In `v2`, `__init_subclass__` validates this at class definition time.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    class MyError(ApiException):
+        pass  # fine until raised
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    class MyError(ApiException):
+        pass  # TypeError: MyError must define an 'api_error' class attribute.
+    ```
+
+For shared base classes that are not meant to be raised directly, use `abstract=True`:
+
+```python
+class BillingError(ApiException, abstract=True):
+    """Base for all billing-related errors — not raised directly."""
+
+class PaymentRequiredError(BillingError):
+    api_error = ApiError(code=402, msg="Payment Required", desc="...", err_code="BILLING-402")
+```
+
+---
+
+## Schemas
+
+### `Pagination` alias removed
+
+`Pagination` was already deprecated in `v1` and is fully removed in `v2`, you now need to use [`OffsetPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination) or [`CursorPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination).

docs/module/crud.md

@@ -95,9 +95,6 @@ The [`offset_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.Async
 }
 ```
 
-!!! warning "Deprecated: `paginate`"
-    The `paginate` function is a backward-compatible alias for `offset_paginate`. This function is **deprecated** and will be removed in **v2.0**.
-
 ### Cursor pagination
 
 ```python
@@ -295,6 +292,8 @@ Use `filter_by` to pass the client's chosen filter values directly — no need t
 Use [`filter_params()`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.filter_params) to generate a dict with the facet filter values from the query parameters:
 
 ```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
 from fastapi import Depends
 
 UserCrud = CrudFactory(
@@ -306,7 +305,7 @@ UserCrud = CrudFactory(
 async def list_users(
     session: SessionDep,
     page: int = 1,
-    filter_by: dict[str, list[str]] = Depends(UserCrud.filter_params()),
+    filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(UserCrud.filter_params())],
 ) -> PaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
     return await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
         session=session,
@@ -323,6 +322,58 @@ GET /users?status=active&country=FR   → filter_by={"status": ["active"], "coun
 GET /users?role=admin&role=editor     → filter_by={"role": ["admin", "editor"]}  (IN clause)
 ```
 
+## Sorting
+
+!!! info "Added in `v1.3`"
+
+Declare `order_fields` on the CRUD class to expose client-driven column ordering via `order_by` and `order` query parameters.
+
+```python
+UserCrud = CrudFactory(
+    model=User,
+    order_fields=[
+        User.name,
+        User.created_at,
+    ],
+)
+```
+
+Call [`order_params()`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.order_params) to generate a FastAPI dependency that maps the query parameters to an [`OrderByClause`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.OrderByClause) expression:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import OrderByClause
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    order_by: Annotated[OrderByClause | None, Depends(UserCrud.order_params())],
+) -> PaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, order_by=order_by)
+```
+
+The dependency adds two query parameters to the endpoint:
+
+| Parameter  | Type            |
+| ---------- | --------------- |
+| `order_by` | `str | null`   |
+| `order`    | `asc` or `desc` |
+
+```
+GET /users?order_by=name&order=asc   → ORDER BY users.name ASC
+GET /users?order_by=name&order=desc  → ORDER BY users.name DESC
+```
+
+An unknown `order_by` value raises [`InvalidOrderFieldError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidOrderFieldError) (HTTP 422).
+
+You can also pass `order_fields` directly to `order_params()` to override the class-level defaults without modifying them:
+
+```python
+UserOrderParams = UserCrud.order_params(order_fields=[User.name])
+```
+
 ## Relationship loading
 
 !!! info "Added in `v1.1`"
@@ -417,9 +468,6 @@ async def list_users(session: SessionDep, page: int = 1) -> PaginatedResponse[Us
 
 The schema must have `from_attributes=True` (or inherit from [`PydanticBase`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PydanticBase)) so it can be built from SQLAlchemy model instances.
 
-!!! warning "Deprecated: `as_response`"
-    The `as_response=True` parameter is **deprecated** and will be removed in **v2.0**. Replace it with `schema=YourSchema`.
-
 ---
 
 [:material-api: API Reference](../reference/crud.md)

docs/module/db.md

@@ -87,6 +87,37 @@ await wait_for_row_change(
 )
 ```
 
+## Creating a database
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.1`"
+
+[`create_database`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.create_database) creates a database at a given URL. It connects to *server_url* and issues a `CREATE DATABASE` statement:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import create_database
+
+SERVER_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"
+
+await create_database(db_name="myapp_test", server_url=SERVER_URL)
+```
+
+For test isolation with automatic cleanup, use [`create_worker_database`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_worker_database) from the `pytest` module instead — it handles drop-before, create, and drop-after automatically.
+
+## Cleaning up tables
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.1`"
+
+[`cleanup_tables`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.cleanup_tables) truncates all tables:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import cleanup_tables
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+async def clean(db_session):
+    yield
+    await cleanup_tables(session=db_session, base=Base)
+```
+
 ---
 
 [:material-api: API Reference](../reference/db.md)

docs/module/exceptions.md

@@ -21,30 +21,37 @@ init_exceptions_handlers(app=app)
 This registers handlers for:
 
 - [`ApiException`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ApiException) — all custom exceptions below
+- `HTTPException` — Starlette/FastAPI HTTP errors
 - `RequestValidationError` — Pydantic request validation (422)
 - `ResponseValidationError` — Pydantic response validation (422)
 - `Exception` — unhandled errors (500)
 
+It also patches `app.openapi()` to replace the default Pydantic 422 schema with a structured example matching the `ErrorResponse` format.
+
 ## Built-in exceptions
 
 | Exception | Status | Default message |
 |-----------|--------|-----------------|
 | [`UnauthorizedError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.UnauthorizedError) | 401 | Unauthorized |
 | [`ForbiddenError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ForbiddenError) | 403 | Forbidden |
-| [`NotFoundError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.NotFoundError) | 404 | Not found |
+| [`NotFoundError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.NotFoundError) | 404 | Not Found |
 | [`ConflictError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ConflictError) | 409 | Conflict |
-| [`NoSearchableFieldsError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.NoSearchableFieldsError) | 400 | No searchable fields |
-| [`InvalidFacetFilterError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidFacetFilterError) | 400 | Invalid facet filter |
+| [`NoSearchableFieldsError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.NoSearchableFieldsError) | 400 | No Searchable Fields |
+| [`InvalidFacetFilterError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidFacetFilterError) | 400 | Invalid Facet Filter |
+| [`InvalidOrderFieldError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidOrderFieldError) | 422 | Invalid Order Field |
+
+### Per-instance overrides
+
+All built-in exceptions accept optional keyword arguments to customise the response for a specific raise site without changing the class defaults:
+
+| Argument | Effect |
+|----------|--------|
+| `detail` | Overrides both `str(exc)` (log output) and the `message` field in the response body |
+| `desc` | Overrides the `description` field |
+| `data` | Overrides the `data` field |
 
 ```python
-from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import NotFoundError
-
-@router.get("/users/{id}")
-async def get_user(id: int, session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
-    user = await UserCrud.first(session=session, filters=[User.id == id])
-    if not user:
-        raise NotFoundError
-    return user
+raise NotFoundError(detail="User 42 not found", desc="No user with that ID exists in the database.")
 ```
 
 ## Custom exceptions
@@ -58,12 +65,51 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import ApiError
 class PaymentRequiredError(ApiException):
     api_error = ApiError(
         code=402,
-        msg="Payment required",
+        msg="Payment Required",
         desc="Your subscription has expired.",
-        err_code="PAYMENT_REQUIRED",
+        err_code="BILLING-402",
     )
 ```
 
+!!! warning
+    Subclasses that do not define `api_error` raise a `TypeError` at **class creation time**, not at raise time.
+
+### Custom `__init__`
+
+Override `__init__` to compute `detail`, `desc`, or `data` dynamically, then delegate to `super().__init__()`:
+
+```python
+class OrderValidationError(ApiException):
+    api_error = ApiError(
+        code=422,
+        msg="Order Validation Failed",
+        desc="One or more order fields are invalid.",
+        err_code="ORDER-422",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, *field_errors: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"{len(field_errors)} validation error(s)",
+            desc=", ".join(field_errors),
+            data={"errors": [{"message": e} for e in field_errors]},
+        )
+```
+
+### Intermediate base classes
+
+Use `abstract=True` when creating a shared base that is not meant to be raised directly:
+
+```python
+class BillingError(ApiException, abstract=True):
+    """Base for all billing-related errors."""
+
+class PaymentRequiredError(BillingError):
+    api_error = ApiError(code=402, msg="Payment Required", desc="...", err_code="BILLING-402")
+
+class SubscriptionExpiredError(BillingError):
+    api_error = ApiError(code=402, msg="Subscription Expired", desc="...", err_code="BILLING-402-EXP")
+```
+
 ## OpenAPI response documentation
 
 Use [`generate_error_responses`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.generate_error_responses) to add error schemas to your endpoint's OpenAPI spec:
@@ -78,8 +124,7 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import generate_error_responses, NotFoundError,
 async def get_user(...): ...
 ```
 
-!!! info
-    The pydantic validation error is automatically added by FastAPI.
+Multiple exceptions sharing the same HTTP status code are grouped under one entry, each appearing as a named example keyed by its `err_code`. This keeps the OpenAPI UI readable when several error variants map to the same status.
 
 ---
 

docs/module/metrics.md

@@ -36,7 +36,13 @@ This mounts the `/metrics` endpoint that Prometheus can scrape.
 
 ### Providers
 
-Providers are called once at startup and register metrics that are updated externally (e.g. counters, histograms):
+Providers are called once at startup by `init_metrics`. The return value (the Prometheus metric object) is stored in the registry and can be retrieved later with [`registry.get(name)`](../reference/metrics.md#fastapi_toolsets.metrics.registry.MetricsRegistry.get).
+
+Use providers when you want **deferred initialization**: the Prometheus metric is not registered with the global `CollectorRegistry` until `init_metrics` runs, not at import time. This is particularly useful for testing — importing the module in a test suite without calling `init_metrics` leaves no metrics registered, avoiding cross-test pollution.
+
+It is also useful when metrics are defined across multiple modules and merged with `include_registry`: any code that needs a metric can call `metrics.get()` on the shared registry instead of importing the metric directly from its origin module.
+
+If neither of these applies to you, declaring metrics at module level (e.g. `HTTP_REQUESTS = Counter(...)`) is simpler and equally valid.
 
 ```python
 from prometheus_client import Counter, Histogram
@@ -50,15 +56,32 @@ def request_duration():
     return Histogram("request_duration_seconds", "Request duration")
 ```
 
-### Collectors
-
-Collectors are called on every scrape. Use them for metrics that reflect current state (e.g. gauges):
+To use a provider's metric elsewhere (e.g. in a middleware), call `metrics.get()` inside the handler — **not** at module level, as providers are only initialized when `init_metrics` runs:
 
 ```python
+async def metrics_middleware(request: Request, call_next):
+    response = await call_next(request)
+    metrics.get("http_requests").labels(
+        method=request.method, status=response.status_code
+    ).inc()
+    return response
+```
+
+### Collectors
+
+Collectors are called on every scrape. Use them for metrics that reflect current state (e.g. gauges).
+
+!!! warning "Declare the metric at module level"
+    Do **not** instantiate the Prometheus metric inside the collector function. Doing so recreates it on every scrape, raising `ValueError: Duplicated timeseries in CollectorRegistry`. Declare it once at module level instead:
+
+```python
+from prometheus_client import Gauge
+
+_queue_depth = Gauge("queue_depth", "Current queue depth")
+
 @metrics.register(collect=True)
-def queue_depth():
-    gauge = Gauge("queue_depth", "Current queue depth")
-    gauge.set(get_current_queue_depth())
+def collect_queue_depth():
+    _queue_depth.set(get_current_queue_depth())
 ```
 
 ## Merging registries

docs/module/models.md

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# Models
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.0`"
+
+Reusable SQLAlchemy 2.0 mixins for common column patterns, designed to be composed freely on any `DeclarativeBase` model.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `models` module provides mixins that each add a single, well-defined column behaviour. They work with standard SQLAlchemy 2.0 declarative syntax and are fully compatible with `AsyncSession`.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin
+
+class Article(Base, UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "articles"
+
+    title: Mapped[str]
+    content: Mapped[str]
+```
+
+All timestamp columns are timezone-aware (`TIMESTAMPTZ`). All defaults are server-side, so they are also applied when inserting rows via raw SQL outside the ORM.
+
+## Mixins
+
+### [`UUIDMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.UUIDMixin)
+
+Adds a `id: UUID` primary key generated server-side by PostgreSQL using `gen_random_uuid()` (requires PostgreSQL 13+). The value is retrieved via `RETURNING` after insert, so it is available on the Python object immediately after `flush()`.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin
+
+class User(Base, UUIDMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "users"
+
+    username: Mapped[str]
+
+# id is None before flush
+user = User(username="alice")
+await session.flush()
+print(user.id)  # UUID('...')
+```
+
+### [`CreatedAtMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.CreatedAtMixin)
+
+Adds a `created_at: datetime` column set to `NOW()` on insert. The column has no `onupdate` hook — it is intentionally immutable after the row is created.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, CreatedAtMixin
+
+class Order(Base, UUIDMixin, CreatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "orders"
+
+    total: Mapped[float]
+```
+
+### [`UpdatedAtMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.UpdatedAtMixin)
+
+Adds an `updated_at: datetime` column set to `NOW()` on insert and automatically updated to `NOW()` on every ORM-level update (via SQLAlchemy's `onupdate` hook).
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, UpdatedAtMixin
+
+class Post(Base, UUIDMixin, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "posts"
+
+    title: Mapped[str]
+
+post = Post(title="Hello")
+await session.flush()
+await session.refresh(post)
+
+post.title = "Hello World"
+await session.flush()
+await session.refresh(post)
+print(post.updated_at)
+```
+
+!!! note
+    `updated_at` is updated by SQLAlchemy at ORM flush time. If you update rows via raw SQL (e.g. `UPDATE posts SET ...`), the column will **not** be updated automatically — use a database trigger if you need that guarantee.
+
+### [`TimestampMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.TimestampMixin)
+
+Convenience mixin that combines [`CreatedAtMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.CreatedAtMixin) and [`UpdatedAtMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.UpdatedAtMixin). Equivalent to inheriting both.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin
+
+class Article(Base, UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "articles"
+
+    title: Mapped[str]
+```
+
+## Composing mixins
+
+All mixins can be combined in any order. The only constraint is that exactly one primary key must be defined — either via `UUIDMixin` or directly on the model.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin
+
+class Event(Base, UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "events"
+    name: Mapped[str]
+
+class Counter(Base, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "counters"
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    value: Mapped[int]
+```
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/models.md)

docs/module/pytest.md

@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ async def http_client(db_session):
 
 ## Database sessions in tests
 
-Use [`create_db_session`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_db_session) to create an isolated `AsyncSession` for a test:
+Use [`create_db_session`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_db_session) to create an isolated `AsyncSession` for a test, combined with [`create_worker_database`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_worker_database) to set up a per-worker database:
 
 ```python
-from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_db_session, create_worker_database
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_worker_database, create_db_session
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 async def worker_db_url():
@@ -64,16 +64,28 @@ async def db_session(worker_db_url):
 !!! info
     In this example, the database is reset between each test using the argument `cleanup=True`.
 
+Use [`worker_database_url`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.worker_database_url) to derive the per-worker URL manually if needed:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import worker_database_url
+
+url = worker_database_url("postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db", default_test_db="test")
+# e.g. "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db_gw0" under xdist
+```
+
 ## Parallel testing with pytest-xdist
 
 The examples above are already compatible with parallel test execution with `pytest-xdist`.
 
 ## Cleaning up tables
 
-If you want to manually clean up a database you can use [`cleanup_tables`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.cleanup_tables), this will truncates all tables between tests for fast isolation:
+!!! warning
+    Since `V2.1.0` `cleanup_tables` now live in `fastapi_toolsets.db`. For backward compatibility the function is still available in `fastapi_toolsets.pytest`, but this will be remove in `V3.0.0`.
+
+If you want to manually clean up a database you can use [`cleanup_tables`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.cleanup_tables), this will truncate all tables between tests for fast isolation:
 
 ```python
-from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import cleanup_tables
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import cleanup_tables
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 async def clean(db_session):

docs/module/schemas.md

@@ -22,16 +22,20 @@ async def get_user(user: User = UserDep) -> Response[UserSchema]:
 
 ### [`PaginatedResponse[T]`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PaginatedResponse)
 
-Wraps a list of items with pagination metadata and optional facet values.
+Wraps a list of items with pagination metadata and optional facet values. The `pagination` field accepts either [`OffsetPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination) or [`CursorPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination) depending on the strategy used.
+
+#### [`OffsetPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination)
+
+Page-number based. Requires `total_count` so clients can compute the total number of pages.
 
 ```python
-from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse, Pagination
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse, OffsetPagination
 
 @router.get("/users")
 async def list_users() -> PaginatedResponse[UserSchema]:
     return PaginatedResponse(
         data=users,
-        pagination=Pagination(
+        pagination=OffsetPagination(
             total_count=100,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -40,6 +44,26 @@ async def list_users() -> PaginatedResponse[UserSchema]:
     )
 ```
 
+#### [`CursorPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination)
+
+Cursor based. Efficient for large or frequently updated datasets where offset pagination is impractical. Provides opaque `next_cursor` / `prev_cursor` tokens; no total count is exposed.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse, CursorPagination
+
+@router.get("/events")
+async def list_events() -> PaginatedResponse[EventSchema]:
+    return PaginatedResponse(
+        data=events,
+        pagination=CursorPagination(
+            next_cursor="eyJpZCI6IDQyfQ==",
+            prev_cursor=None,
+            items_per_page=20,
+            has_more=True,
+        ),
+    )
+```
+
 The optional `filter_attributes` field is populated when `facet_fields` are configured on the CRUD class (see [Filter attributes](crud.md#filter-attributes-facets)). It is `None` by default and can be hidden from API responses with `response_model_exclude_none=True`.
 
 ### [`ErrorResponse`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.ErrorResponse)

docs/reference/db.md

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.db`:
 ```python
 from fastapi_toolsets.db import (
     LockMode,
+    cleanup_tables,
+    create_database,
     create_db_dependency,
     create_db_context,
     get_transaction,
@@ -26,3 +28,7 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.db import (
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.lock_tables
 
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.wait_for_row_change
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.create_database
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.cleanup_tables

docs/reference/exceptions.md

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import (
     ConflictError,
     NoSearchableFieldsError,
     InvalidFacetFilterError,
+    InvalidOrderFieldError,
     generate_error_responses,
     init_exceptions_handlers,
 )
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import (
 
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidFacetFilterError
 
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidOrderFieldError
+
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.generate_error_responses
 
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.handler.init_exceptions_handlers

docs/reference/models.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# `models`
+
+Here's the reference for the SQLAlchemy model mixins provided by the `models` module.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.models`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import (
+    UUIDMixin,
+    CreatedAtMixin,
+    UpdatedAtMixin,
+    TimestampMixin,
+)
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.models.UUIDMixin
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.models.CreatedAtMixin
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.models.UpdatedAtMixin
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.models.TimestampMixin

docs/reference/pytest.md

@@ -24,5 +24,3 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import (
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.worker_database_url
 
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_worker_database
-
-## ::: fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.cleanup_tables

docs/reference/schemas.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# `schemas` module
+# `schemas`
 
 Here's the reference for all response models and types provided by the `schemas` module.
 
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
     BaseResponse,
     Response,
     ErrorResponse,
-    Pagination,
+    OffsetPagination,
+    CursorPagination,
     PaginatedResponse,
 )
 ```
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
 
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.ErrorResponse
 
-## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.Pagination
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination
 
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PaginatedResponse

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/app.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
 
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
+
 from .routes import router
 
 app = FastAPI()
+init_exceptions_handlers(app=app)
 app.include_router(router=router)

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/crud.py

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ ArticleCrud = CrudFactory(
         Article.status,
         (Article.category, Category.name),
     ],
+    order_fields=[  # fields exposed for client-driven ordering
+        Article.title,
+        Article.created_at,
+    ],
 )
-
-ArticleFilters = ArticleCrud.filter_params()

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
+from typing import Annotated
+
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query
 
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import OrderByClause
 from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse
 
 from .crud import ArticleCrud
 from .db import SessionDep
+from .models import Article
 from .schemas import ArticleRead
 
 router = APIRouter(prefix="/articles")
@@ -12,10 +16,14 @@ router = APIRouter(prefix="/articles")
 @router.get("/offset")
 async def list_articles_offset(
     session: SessionDep,
+    filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params())],
+    order_by: Annotated[
+        OrderByClause | None,
+        Depends(ArticleCrud.order_params(default_field=Article.created_at)),
+    ],
     page: int = Query(1, ge=1),
     items_per_page: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
     search: str | None = None,
-    filter_by: dict[str, list[str]] = Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params()),
 ) -> PaginatedResponse[ArticleRead]:
     return await ArticleCrud.offset_paginate(
         session=session,
@@ -23,6 +31,7 @@ async def list_articles_offset(
         items_per_page=items_per_page,
         search=search,
         filter_by=filter_by or None,
+        order_by=order_by,
         schema=ArticleRead,
     )
 
@@ -30,10 +39,14 @@ async def list_articles_offset(
 @router.get("/cursor")
 async def list_articles_cursor(
     session: SessionDep,
+    filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params())],
+    order_by: Annotated[
+        OrderByClause | None,
+        Depends(ArticleCrud.order_params(default_field=Article.created_at)),
+    ],
     cursor: str | None = None,
     items_per_page: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
     search: str | None = None,
-    filter_by: dict[str, list[str]] = Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params()),
 ) -> PaginatedResponse[ArticleRead]:
     return await ArticleCrud.cursor_paginate(
         session=session,
@@ -41,5 +54,6 @@ async def list_articles_cursor(
         items_per_page=items_per_page,
         search=search,
         filter_by=filter_by or None,
+        order_by=order_by,
         schema=ArticleRead,
     )

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "fastapi-toolsets"
-version = "1.2.1"
+version = "2.1.0"
 description = "Production-ready utilities for FastAPI applications"
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"

src/fastapi_toolsets/__init__.py

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ Example usage:
         return Response(data={"user": user.username}, message="Success")
 """
 
-__version__ = "1.2.1"
+__version__ = "2.1.0"

src/fastapi_toolsets/cli/commands/fixtures.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ async def load(
     registry = get_fixtures_registry()
     db_context = get_db_context()
 
-    context_list = [c.value for c in contexts] if contexts else [Context.BASE]
+    context_list = list(contexts) if contexts else [Context.BASE]
 
     ordered = registry.resolve_context_dependencies(*context_list)
 

src/fastapi_toolsets/crud/__init__.py

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 """Generic async CRUD operations for SQLAlchemy models."""
 
 from ..exceptions import InvalidFacetFilterError, NoSearchableFieldsError
-from .factory import CrudFactory, JoinType, M2MFieldType
-from .search import (
+from ..types import (
     FacetFieldType,
-    SearchConfig,
-    get_searchable_fields,
+    JoinType,
+    M2MFieldType,
+    OrderByClause,
+    SearchFieldType,
 )
+from .factory import CrudFactory
+from .search import SearchConfig, get_searchable_fields
 
 __all__ = [
     "CrudFactory",
@@ -16,5 +19,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "JoinType",
     "M2MFieldType",
     "NoSearchableFieldsError",
+    "OrderByClause",
     "SearchConfig",
+    "SearchFieldType",
 ]

src/fastapi_toolsets/crud/factory.py

@@ -6,11 +6,10 @@ import base64
 import inspect
 import json
 import uuid as uuid_module
-import warnings
-from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Sequence
 from datetime import date, datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, Literal, Self, TypeVar, cast, overload
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, Literal, Self, cast, overload
 
 from fastapi import Query
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -24,23 +23,25 @@ from sqlalchemy.sql.base import ExecutableOption
 from sqlalchemy.sql.roles import WhereHavingRole
 
 from ..db import get_transaction
-from ..exceptions import NotFoundError
+from ..exceptions import InvalidOrderFieldError, NotFoundError
 from ..schemas import CursorPagination, OffsetPagination, PaginatedResponse, Response
-from .search import (
+from ..types import (
     FacetFieldType,
-    SearchConfig,
+    JoinType,
+    M2MFieldType,
+    ModelType,
+    OrderByClause,
+    SchemaType,
     SearchFieldType,
+)
+from .search import (
+    SearchConfig,
     build_facets,
     build_filter_by,
     build_search_filters,
     facet_keys,
 )
 
-ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=DeclarativeBase)
-SchemaType = TypeVar("SchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
-JoinType = list[tuple[type[DeclarativeBase], Any]]
-M2MFieldType = Mapping[str, QueryableAttribute[Any]]
-
 
 def _encode_cursor(value: Any) -> str:
     """Encode cursor column value as an base64 string."""
@@ -52,6 +53,22 @@ def _decode_cursor(cursor: str) -> str:
     return json.loads(base64.b64decode(cursor.encode()).decode())
 
 
+def _apply_joins(q: Any, joins: JoinType | None, outer_join: bool) -> Any:
+    """Apply a list of (model, condition) joins to a SQLAlchemy select query."""
+    if not joins:
+        return q
+    for model, condition in joins:
+        q = q.outerjoin(model, condition) if outer_join else q.join(model, condition)
+    return q
+
+
+def _apply_search_joins(q: Any, search_joins: list[Any]) -> Any:
+    """Apply relationship-based outer joins (from search/filter_by) to a query."""
+    for join_rel in search_joins:
+        q = q.outerjoin(join_rel)
+    return q
+
+
 class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
     """Generic async CRUD operations for SQLAlchemy models.
 
@@ -61,6 +78,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
     model: ClassVar[type[DeclarativeBase]]
     searchable_fields: ClassVar[Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None] = None
     facet_fields: ClassVar[Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None] = None
+    order_fields: ClassVar[Sequence[QueryableAttribute[Any]] | None] = None
     m2m_fields: ClassVar[M2MFieldType | None] = None
     default_load_options: ClassVar[list[ExecutableOption] | None] = None
     cursor_column: ClassVar[Any | None] = None
@@ -130,6 +148,48 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             return set()
         return set(cls.m2m_fields.keys())
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _resolve_facet_fields(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None,
+    ) -> Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None:
+        """Return facet_fields if given, otherwise fall back to the class-level default."""
+        return facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _prepare_filter_by(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None,
+        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None,
+    ) -> tuple[list[Any], list[Any]]:
+        """Normalize filter_by and return (filters, joins) to apply to the query."""
+        if isinstance(filter_by, BaseModel):
+            filter_by = filter_by.model_dump(exclude_none=True)
+        if not filter_by:
+            return [], []
+        resolved = cls._resolve_facet_fields(facet_fields)
+        return build_filter_by(filter_by, resolved or [])
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def _build_filter_attributes(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        session: AsyncSession,
+        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None,
+        filters: list[Any],
+        search_joins: list[Any],
+    ) -> dict[str, list[Any]] | None:
+        """Build facet filter_attributes, or return None if no facet fields configured."""
+        resolved = cls._resolve_facet_fields(facet_fields)
+        if not resolved:
+            return None
+        return await build_facets(
+            session,
+            cls.model,
+            resolved,
+            base_filters=filters,
+            base_joins=search_joins,
+        )
+
     @classmethod
     def filter_params(
         cls: type[Self],
@@ -150,7 +210,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             ValueError: If no facet fields are configured on this CRUD class and none are
                 provided via ``facet_fields``.
         """
-        fields = facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
+        fields = cls._resolve_facet_fields(facet_fields)
         if not fields:
             raise ValueError(
                 f"{cls.__name__} has no facet_fields configured. "
@@ -176,6 +236,63 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
 
         return dependency
 
+    @classmethod
+    def order_params(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        *,
+        order_fields: Sequence[QueryableAttribute[Any]] | None = None,
+        default_field: QueryableAttribute[Any] | None = None,
+        default_order: Literal["asc", "desc"] = "asc",
+    ) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[OrderByClause | None]]:
+        """Return a FastAPI dependency that resolves order query params into an order_by clause.
+
+        Args:
+            order_fields: Override the allowed order fields. Falls back to the class-level
+                ``order_fields`` if not provided.
+            default_field: Field to order by when ``order_by`` query param is absent.
+                If ``None`` and no ``order_by`` is provided, no ordering is applied.
+            default_order: Default order direction when ``order`` is absent
+                (``"asc"`` or ``"desc"``).
+
+        Returns:
+            An async dependency function named ``{Model}OrderParams`` that resolves to an
+            ``OrderByClause`` (or ``None``). Pass it to ``Depends()`` in your route.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If no order fields are configured on this CRUD class and none are
+                provided via ``order_fields``.
+            InvalidOrderFieldError: When the request provides an unknown ``order_by`` value.
+        """
+        fields = order_fields if order_fields is not None else cls.order_fields
+        if not fields:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"{cls.__name__} has no order_fields configured. "
+                "Pass order_fields= or set them on CrudFactory."
+            )
+        field_map: dict[str, QueryableAttribute[Any]] = {f.key: f for f in fields}
+        valid_keys = sorted(field_map.keys())
+
+        async def dependency(
+            order_by: str | None = Query(
+                None, description=f"Field to order by. Valid values: {valid_keys}"
+            ),
+            order: Literal["asc", "desc"] = Query(
+                default_order, description="Sort direction"
+            ),
+        ) -> OrderByClause | None:
+            if order_by is None:
+                if default_field is None:
+                    return None
+                field = default_field
+            elif order_by not in field_map:
+                raise InvalidOrderFieldError(order_by, valid_keys)
+            else:
+                field = field_map[order_by]
+            return field.asc() if order == "asc" else field.desc()
+
+        dependency.__name__ = f"{cls.model.__name__}OrderParams"
+        return dependency
+
     @overload
     @classmethod
     async def create(  # pragma: no cover
@@ -184,10 +301,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         obj: BaseModel,
         *,
         schema: type[SchemaType],
-        as_response: bool = ...,
     ) -> Response[SchemaType]: ...
 
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
     @overload
     @classmethod
     async def create(  # pragma: no cover
@@ -195,18 +310,6 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         obj: BaseModel,
         *,
-        as_response: Literal[True],
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> Response[ModelType]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def create(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        obj: BaseModel,
-        *,
-        as_response: Literal[False] = ...,
         schema: None = ...,
     ) -> ModelType: ...
 
@@ -216,29 +319,19 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         obj: BaseModel,
         *,
-        as_response: bool = False,
         schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> ModelType | Response[ModelType] | Response[Any]:
+    ) -> ModelType | Response[Any]:
         """Create a new record in the database.
 
         Args:
             session: DB async session
             obj: Pydantic model with data to create
-            as_response: Deprecated. Use ``schema`` instead. Will be removed in v2.0.
             schema: Pydantic schema to serialize the result into. When provided,
                 the result is automatically wrapped in a ``Response[schema]``.
 
         Returns:
-            Created model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given,
-            or ``Response[ModelType]`` when ``as_response=True`` (deprecated).
+            Created model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given.
         """
-        if as_response and schema is None:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "as_response is deprecated and will be removed in v2.0. "
-                "Use schema=YourSchema instead.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-                stacklevel=2,
-            )
         async with get_transaction(session):
             m2m_exclude = cls._m2m_schema_fields()
             data = (
@@ -254,9 +347,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             session.add(db_model)
         await session.refresh(db_model)
         result = cast(ModelType, db_model)
-        if as_response or schema:
-            data_out = schema.model_validate(result) if schema else result
-            return Response(data=data_out)
+        if schema:
+            return Response(data=schema.model_validate(result))
         return result
 
     @overload
@@ -271,10 +363,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         with_for_update: bool = False,
         load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
         schema: type[SchemaType],
-        as_response: bool = ...,
     ) -> Response[SchemaType]: ...
 
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
     @overload
     @classmethod
     async def get(  # pragma: no cover
@@ -286,22 +376,6 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         outer_join: bool = False,
         with_for_update: bool = False,
         load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        as_response: Literal[True],
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> Response[ModelType]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def get(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        filters: list[Any],
-        *,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        with_for_update: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        as_response: Literal[False] = ...,
         schema: None = ...,
     ) -> ModelType: ...
 
@@ -315,9 +389,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         outer_join: bool = False,
         with_for_update: bool = False,
         load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        as_response: bool = False,
         schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> ModelType | Response[ModelType] | Response[Any]:
+    ) -> ModelType | Response[Any]:
         """Get exactly one record. Raises NotFoundError if not found.
 
         Args:
@@ -327,33 +400,18 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             outer_join: Use LEFT OUTER JOIN instead of INNER JOIN
             with_for_update: Lock the row for update
             load_options: SQLAlchemy loader options (e.g., selectinload)
-            as_response: Deprecated. Use ``schema`` instead. Will be removed in v2.0.
             schema: Pydantic schema to serialize the result into. When provided,
                 the result is automatically wrapped in a ``Response[schema]``.
 
         Returns:
-            Model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given,
-            or ``Response[ModelType]`` when ``as_response=True`` (deprecated).
+            Model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given.
 
         Raises:
             NotFoundError: If no record found
             MultipleResultsFound: If more than one record found
         """
-        if as_response and schema is None:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "as_response is deprecated and will be removed in v2.0. "
-                "Use schema=YourSchema instead.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-                stacklevel=2,
-            )
         q = select(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         q = q.where(and_(*filters))
         if resolved := cls._resolve_load_options(load_options):
             q = q.options(*resolved)
@@ -364,9 +422,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         if not item:
             raise NotFoundError()
         result = cast(ModelType, item)
-        if as_response or schema:
-            data_out = schema.model_validate(result) if schema else result
-            return Response(data=data_out)
+        if schema:
+            return Response(data=schema.model_validate(result))
         return result
 
     @classmethod
@@ -392,13 +449,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             Model instance or None
         """
         q = select(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
         if resolved := cls._resolve_load_options(load_options):
@@ -415,7 +466,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         joins: JoinType | None = None,
         outer_join: bool = False,
         load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: Any | None = None,
+        order_by: OrderByClause | None = None,
         limit: int | None = None,
         offset: int | None = None,
     ) -> Sequence[ModelType]:
@@ -435,13 +486,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             List of model instances
         """
         q = select(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
         if resolved := cls._resolve_load_options(load_options):
@@ -466,10 +511,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         exclude_unset: bool = True,
         exclude_none: bool = False,
         schema: type[SchemaType],
-        as_response: bool = ...,
     ) -> Response[SchemaType]: ...
 
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
     @overload
     @classmethod
     async def update(  # pragma: no cover
@@ -480,21 +523,6 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         *,
         exclude_unset: bool = True,
         exclude_none: bool = False,
-        as_response: Literal[True],
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> Response[ModelType]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def update(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        obj: BaseModel,
-        filters: list[Any],
-        *,
-        exclude_unset: bool = True,
-        exclude_none: bool = False,
-        as_response: Literal[False] = ...,
         schema: None = ...,
     ) -> ModelType: ...
 
@@ -507,9 +535,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         *,
         exclude_unset: bool = True,
         exclude_none: bool = False,
-        as_response: bool = False,
         schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> ModelType | Response[ModelType] | Response[Any]:
+    ) -> ModelType | Response[Any]:
         """Update a record in the database.
 
         Args:
@@ -518,24 +545,15 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             filters: List of SQLAlchemy filter conditions
             exclude_unset: Exclude fields not explicitly set in the schema
             exclude_none: Exclude fields with None value
-            as_response: Deprecated. Use ``schema`` instead. Will be removed in v2.0.
             schema: Pydantic schema to serialize the result into. When provided,
                 the result is automatically wrapped in a ``Response[schema]``.
 
         Returns:
-            Updated model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given,
-            or ``Response[ModelType]`` when ``as_response=True`` (deprecated).
+            Updated model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given.
 
         Raises:
             NotFoundError: If no record found
         """
-        if as_response and schema is None:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "as_response is deprecated and will be removed in v2.0. "
-                "Use schema=YourSchema instead.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-                stacklevel=2,
-            )
         async with get_transaction(session):
             m2m_exclude = cls._m2m_schema_fields()
 
@@ -565,9 +583,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
                 for rel_attr, related_instances in m2m_resolved.items():
                     setattr(db_model, rel_attr, related_instances)
         await session.refresh(db_model)
-        if as_response or schema:
-            data_out = schema.model_validate(db_model) if schema else db_model
-            return Response(data=data_out)
+        if schema:
+            return Response(data=schema.model_validate(db_model))
         return db_model
 
     @classmethod
@@ -623,7 +640,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         filters: list[Any],
         *,
-        as_response: Literal[True],
+        return_response: Literal[True],
     ) -> Response[None]: ...
 
     @overload
@@ -633,8 +650,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         filters: list[Any],
         *,
-        as_response: Literal[False] = ...,
-    ) -> bool: ...
+        return_response: Literal[False] = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
 
     @classmethod
     async def delete(
@@ -642,33 +659,26 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         filters: list[Any],
         *,
-        as_response: bool = False,
-    ) -> bool | Response[None]:
+        return_response: bool = False,
+    ) -> None | Response[None]:
         """Delete records from the database.
 
         Args:
             session: DB async session
             filters: List of SQLAlchemy filter conditions
-            as_response: Deprecated. Will be removed in v2.0. When ``True``,
-                returns ``Response[None]`` instead of ``bool``.
+            return_response: When ``True``, returns ``Response[None]`` instead
+                of ``None``. Useful for API endpoints that expect a consistent
+                response envelope.
 
         Returns:
-            ``True`` if deletion was executed, or ``Response[None]`` when
-            ``as_response=True`` (deprecated).
+            ``None``, or ``Response[None]`` when ``return_response=True``.
         """
-        if as_response:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "as_response is deprecated and will be removed in v2.0. "
-                "Use schema=YourSchema instead.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-                stacklevel=2,
-            )
         async with get_transaction(session):
             q = sql_delete(cls.model).where(and_(*filters))
             await session.execute(q)
-        if as_response:
+        if return_response:
             return Response(data=None)
-        return True
+        return None
 
     @classmethod
     async def count(
@@ -691,13 +701,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             Number of matching records
         """
         q = select(func.count()).select_from(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
         result = await session.execute(q)
@@ -724,58 +728,11 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             True if at least one record matches
         """
         q = select(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         q = q.where(and_(*filters)).exists().select()
         result = await session.execute(q)
         return bool(result.scalar())
 
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def offset_paginate(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        *,
-        filters: list[Any] | None = None,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: Any | None = None,
-        page: int = 1,
-        items_per_page: int = 20,
-        search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
-        search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
-        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
-        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: type[SchemaType],
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[SchemaType]: ...
-
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def offset_paginate(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        *,
-        filters: list[Any] | None = None,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: Any | None = None,
-        page: int = 1,
-        items_per_page: int = 20,
-        search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
-        search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
-        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
-        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[ModelType]: ...
-
     @classmethod
     async def offset_paginate(
         cls: type[Self],
@@ -785,15 +742,15 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         joins: JoinType | None = None,
         outer_join: bool = False,
         load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: Any | None = None,
+        order_by: OrderByClause | None = None,
         page: int = 1,
         items_per_page: int = 20,
         search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
         search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
         facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
         filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[ModelType] | PaginatedResponse[Any]:
+        schema: type[BaseModel],
+    ) -> PaginatedResponse[Any]:
         """Get paginated results using offset-based pagination.
 
         Args:
@@ -811,54 +768,36 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             filter_by: Dict of {column_key: value} to filter by declared facet fields.
                 Keys must match the column.key of a facet field. Scalar → equality,
                 list → IN clause. Raises InvalidFacetFilterError for unknown keys.
-            schema: Optional Pydantic schema to serialize each item into.
+            schema: Pydantic schema to serialize each item into.
 
         Returns:
             PaginatedResponse with OffsetPagination metadata
         """
         filters = list(filters) if filters else []
         offset = (page - 1) * items_per_page
-        search_joins: list[Any] = []
 
-        if isinstance(filter_by, BaseModel):
-            filter_by = filter_by.model_dump(exclude_none=True) or None
-
-        # Build filter_by conditions from declared facet fields
-        if filter_by:
-            resolved_facets_for_filter = (
-                facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
-            )
-            fb_filters, fb_joins = build_filter_by(
-                filter_by, resolved_facets_for_filter or []
-            )
+        fb_filters, search_joins = cls._prepare_filter_by(filter_by, facet_fields)
         filters.extend(fb_filters)
-            search_joins.extend(fb_joins)
 
         # Build search filters
         if search:
-            search_filters, search_joins = build_search_filters(
+            search_filters, new_search_joins = build_search_filters(
                 cls.model,
                 search,
                 search_fields=search_fields,
                 default_fields=cls.searchable_fields,
             )
             filters.extend(search_filters)
+            search_joins.extend(new_search_joins)
 
         # Build query with joins
         q = select(cls.model)
 
         # Apply explicit joins
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
 
         # Apply search joins (always outer joins for search)
-        for join_rel in search_joins:
-            q = q.outerjoin(join_rel)
+        q = _apply_search_joins(q, search_joins)
 
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
@@ -870,9 +809,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         q = q.offset(offset).limit(items_per_page)
         result = await session.execute(q)
         raw_items = cast(list[ModelType], result.unique().scalars().all())
-        items: list[Any] = (
-            [schema.model_validate(item) for item in raw_items] if schema else raw_items
-        )
+        items: list[Any] = [schema.model_validate(item) for item in raw_items]
 
         # Count query (with same joins and filters)
         pk_col = cls.model.__mapper__.primary_key[0]
@@ -880,17 +817,10 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         count_q = count_q.select_from(cls.model)
 
         # Apply explicit joins to count query
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                count_q = (
-                    count_q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else count_q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        count_q = _apply_joins(count_q, joins, outer_join)
 
         # Apply search joins to count query
-        for join_rel in search_joins:
-            count_q = count_q.outerjoin(join_rel)
+        count_q = _apply_search_joins(count_q, search_joins)
 
         if filters:
             count_q = count_q.where(and_(*filters))
@@ -898,18 +828,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         count_result = await session.execute(count_q)
         total_count = count_result.scalar_one()
 
-        # Build facets
-        resolved_facet_fields = (
-            facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
-        )
-        filter_attributes: dict[str, list[Any]] | None = None
-        if resolved_facet_fields:
-            filter_attributes = await build_facets(
-                session,
-                cls.model,
-                resolved_facet_fields,
-                base_filters=filters or None,
-                base_joins=search_joins or None,
+        filter_attributes = await cls._build_filter_attributes(
+            session, facet_fields, filters, search_joins
         )
 
         return PaginatedResponse(
@@ -923,50 +843,6 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             filter_attributes=filter_attributes,
         )
 
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
-    paginate = offset_paginate
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def cursor_paginate(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        *,
-        cursor: str | None = None,
-        filters: list[Any] | None = None,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: Any | None = None,
-        items_per_page: int = 20,
-        search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
-        search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
-        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
-        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: type[SchemaType],
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[SchemaType]: ...
-
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def cursor_paginate(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        *,
-        cursor: str | None = None,
-        filters: list[Any] | None = None,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: Any | None = None,
-        items_per_page: int = 20,
-        search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
-        search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
-        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
-        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[ModelType]: ...
-
     @classmethod
     async def cursor_paginate(
         cls: type[Self],
@@ -977,14 +853,14 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         joins: JoinType | None = None,
         outer_join: bool = False,
         load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: Any | None = None,
+        order_by: OrderByClause | None = None,
         items_per_page: int = 20,
         search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
         search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
         facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
         filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[ModelType] | PaginatedResponse[Any]:
+        schema: type[BaseModel],
+    ) -> PaginatedResponse[Any]:
         """Get paginated results using cursor-based pagination.
 
         Args:
@@ -1011,21 +887,9 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             PaginatedResponse with CursorPagination metadata
         """
         filters = list(filters) if filters else []
-        search_joins: list[Any] = []
 
-        if isinstance(filter_by, BaseModel):
-            filter_by = filter_by.model_dump(exclude_none=True) or None
-
-        # Build filter_by conditions from declared facet fields
-        if filter_by:
-            resolved_facets_for_filter = (
-                facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
-            )
-            fb_filters, fb_joins = build_filter_by(
-                filter_by, resolved_facets_for_filter or []
-            )
+        fb_filters, search_joins = cls._prepare_filter_by(filter_by, facet_fields)
         filters.extend(fb_filters)
-            search_joins.extend(fb_joins)
 
         if cls.cursor_column is None:
             raise ValueError(
@@ -1058,29 +922,23 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
 
         # Build search filters
         if search:
-            search_filters, search_joins = build_search_filters(
+            search_filters, new_search_joins = build_search_filters(
                 cls.model,
                 search,
                 search_fields=search_fields,
                 default_fields=cls.searchable_fields,
             )
             filters.extend(search_filters)
+            search_joins.extend(new_search_joins)
 
         # Build query
         q = select(cls.model)
 
         # Apply explicit joins
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
 
         # Apply search joins (always outer joins)
-        for join_rel in search_joins:
-            q = q.outerjoin(join_rel)
+        q = _apply_search_joins(q, search_joins)
 
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
@@ -1110,24 +968,10 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         if cursor is not None and items_page:
             prev_cursor = _encode_cursor(getattr(items_page[0], cursor_col_name))
 
-        items: list[Any] = (
-            [schema.model_validate(item) for item in items_page]
-            if schema
-            else items_page
-        )
+        items: list[Any] = [schema.model_validate(item) for item in items_page]
 
-        # Build facets
-        resolved_facet_fields = (
-            facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
-        )
-        filter_attributes: dict[str, list[Any]] | None = None
-        if resolved_facet_fields:
-            filter_attributes = await build_facets(
-                session,
-                cls.model,
-                resolved_facet_fields,
-                base_filters=filters or None,
-                base_joins=search_joins or None,
+        filter_attributes = await cls._build_filter_attributes(
+            session, facet_fields, filters, search_joins
         )
 
         return PaginatedResponse(
@@ -1147,6 +991,7 @@ def CrudFactory(
     *,
     searchable_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
     facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
+    order_fields: Sequence[QueryableAttribute[Any]] | None = None,
     m2m_fields: M2MFieldType | None = None,
     default_load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
     cursor_column: Any | None = None,
@@ -1159,6 +1004,8 @@ def CrudFactory(
         facet_fields: Optional list of columns to compute distinct values for in paginated
             responses. Supports direct columns (``User.status``) and relationship tuples
             (``(User.role, Role.name)``). Can be overridden per call.
+        order_fields: Optional list of model attributes that callers are allowed to order by
+            via ``order_params()``. Can be overridden per call.
         m2m_fields: Optional mapping for many-to-many relationships.
             Maps schema field names (containing lists of IDs) to
             SQLAlchemy relationship attributes.
@@ -1252,6 +1099,7 @@ def CrudFactory(
             "model": model,
             "searchable_fields": searchable_fields,
             "facet_fields": facet_fields,
+            "order_fields": order_fields,
             "m2m_fields": m2m_fields,
             "default_load_options": default_load_options,
             "cursor_column": cursor_column,

src/fastapi_toolsets/crud/search.py

@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 """Search utilities for AsyncCrud."""
 
 import asyncio
+import functools
 from collections import Counter
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, replace
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
 
-from sqlalchemy import String, or_, select
+from sqlalchemy import String, and_, or_, select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import InstrumentedAttribute
 
 from ..exceptions import InvalidFacetFilterError, NoSearchableFieldsError
+from ..types import FacetFieldType, SearchFieldType
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import ColumnElement
 
-SearchFieldType = InstrumentedAttribute[Any] | tuple[InstrumentedAttribute[Any], ...]
-FacetFieldType = SearchFieldType
-
 
 @dataclass
 class SearchConfig:
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@ class SearchConfig:
     match_mode: Literal["any", "all"] = "any"
 
 
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=128)
 def get_searchable_fields(
     model: type[DeclarativeBase],
     *,
@@ -101,13 +101,10 @@ def build_search_filters(
     if isinstance(search, str):
         config = SearchConfig(query=search, fields=search_fields)
     else:
-        config = search
-        if search_fields is not None:
-            config = SearchConfig(
-                query=config.query,
-                fields=search_fields,
-                case_sensitive=config.case_sensitive,
-                match_mode=config.match_mode,
+        config = (
+            replace(search, fields=search_fields)
+            if search_fields is not None
+            else search
         )
 
     if not config.query or not config.query.strip():
@@ -227,8 +224,6 @@ async def build_facets(
                 q = q.outerjoin(rel)
 
         if base_filters:
-            from sqlalchemy import and_
-
             q = q.where(and_(*base_filters))
 
         q = q.order_by(column)

src/fastapi_toolsets/db.py

@@ -7,15 +7,19 @@ from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, TypeVar
 
 from sqlalchemy import text
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
+from .exceptions import NotFoundError
+
 __all__ = [
     "LockMode",
+    "cleanup_tables",
+    "create_database",
     "create_db_context",
     "create_db_dependency",
-    "lock_tables",
     "get_transaction",
+    "lock_tables",
     "wait_for_row_change",
 ]
 
@@ -186,6 +190,71 @@ async def lock_tables(
         yield session
 
 
+async def create_database(
+    db_name: str,
+    *,
+    server_url: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Create a database.
+
+    Connects to *server_url* using ``AUTOCOMMIT`` isolation and issues a
+    ``CREATE DATABASE`` statement for *db_name*.
+
+    Args:
+        db_name: Name of the database to create.
+        server_url: URL used for server-level DDL (must point to an existing
+            database on the same server).
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from fastapi_toolsets.db import create_database
+
+        SERVER_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"
+        await create_database("myapp_test", server_url=SERVER_URL)
+        ```
+    """
+    engine = create_async_engine(server_url, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
+    try:
+        async with engine.connect() as conn:
+            await conn.execute(text(f"CREATE DATABASE {db_name}"))
+    finally:
+        await engine.dispose()
+
+
+async def cleanup_tables(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    base: type[DeclarativeBase],
+) -> None:
+    """Truncate all tables for fast between-test cleanup.
+
+    Executes a single ``TRUNCATE … RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE`` statement
+    across every table in *base*'s metadata, which is significantly faster
+    than dropping and re-creating tables between tests.
+
+    This is a no-op when the metadata contains no tables.
+
+    Args:
+        session: An active async database session.
+        base: SQLAlchemy DeclarativeBase class containing model metadata.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        @pytest.fixture
+        async def db_session(worker_db_url):
+            async with create_db_session(worker_db_url, Base) as session:
+                yield session
+                await cleanup_tables(session, Base)
+        ```
+    """
+    tables = base.metadata.sorted_tables
+    if not tables:
+        return
+
+    table_names = ", ".join(f'"{t.name}"' for t in tables)
+    await session.execute(text(f"TRUNCATE {table_names} RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE"))
+    await session.commit()
+
+
 _M = TypeVar("_M", bound=DeclarativeBase)
 
 
@@ -216,7 +285,7 @@ async def wait_for_row_change(
         The refreshed model instance with updated values
 
     Raises:
-        LookupError: If the row does not exist or is deleted during polling
+        NotFoundError: If the row does not exist or is deleted during polling
         TimeoutError: If timeout expires before a change is detected
 
     Example:
@@ -237,7 +306,7 @@ async def wait_for_row_change(
     """
     instance = await session.get(model, pk_value)
     if instance is None:
-        raise LookupError(f"{model.__name__} with pk={pk_value!r} not found")
+        raise NotFoundError(f"{model.__name__} with pk={pk_value!r} not found")
 
     if columns is not None:
         watch_cols = columns
@@ -261,7 +330,7 @@ async def wait_for_row_change(
         instance = await session.get(model, pk_value)
 
         if instance is None:
-            raise LookupError(f"{model.__name__} with pk={pk_value!r} was deleted")
+            raise NotFoundError(f"{model.__name__} with pk={pk_value!r} was deleted")
 
         current = {col: getattr(instance, col) for col in watch_cols}
         if current != initial:

src/fastapi_toolsets/dependencies.py

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 """Dependency factories for FastAPI routes."""
 
 import inspect
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable
-from typing import Any, TypeVar, cast
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from fastapi import Depends
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
-from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
 from .crud import CrudFactory
+from .types import ModelType, SessionDependency
 
 __all__ = ["BodyDependency", "PathDependency"]
 
-ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=DeclarativeBase)
-SessionDependency = Callable[[], AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]]
-
 
 def PathDependency(
     model: type[ModelType],

src/fastapi_toolsets/exceptions/__init__.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from .exceptions import (
     ConflictError,
     ForbiddenError,
     InvalidFacetFilterError,
+    InvalidOrderFieldError,
     NoSearchableFieldsError,
     NotFoundError,
     UnauthorizedError,
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "generate_error_responses",
     "init_exceptions_handlers",
     "InvalidFacetFilterError",
+    "InvalidOrderFieldError",
     "NoSearchableFieldsError",
     "NotFoundError",
     "UnauthorizedError",

src/fastapi_toolsets/exceptions/exceptions.py

@@ -6,32 +6,46 @@ from ..schemas import ApiError, ErrorResponse, ResponseStatus
 
 
 class ApiException(Exception):
-    """Base exception for API errors with structured response.
-
-    Subclass this to create custom API exceptions with consistent error format.
-    The exception handler will use api_error to generate the response.
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        class CustomError(ApiException):
-            api_error = ApiError(
-                code=400,
-                msg="Bad Request",
-                desc="The request was invalid.",
-                err_code="CUSTOM-400",
-            )
-        ```
-    """
+    """Base exception for API errors with structured response."""
 
     api_error: ClassVar[ApiError]
 
-    def __init__(self, detail: str | None = None):
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, abstract: bool = False, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+        if not abstract and not hasattr(cls, "api_error"):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{cls.__name__} must define an 'api_error' class attribute. "
+                "Pass abstract=True when creating intermediate base classes."
+            )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        detail: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        desc: str | None = None,
+        data: Any = None,
+    ) -> None:
         """Initialize the exception.
 
         Args:
-            detail: Optional override for the error message
+            detail: Optional human-readable message
+            desc: Optional per-instance override for the ``description`` field
+                in the HTTP response body.
+            data: Optional per-instance override for the ``data`` field in the
+                HTTP response body.
         """
-        super().__init__(detail or self.api_error.msg)
+        updates: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if detail is not None:
+            updates["msg"] = detail
+        if desc is not None:
+            updates["desc"] = desc
+        if data is not None:
+            updates["data"] = data
+        if updates:
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "api_error", self.__class__.api_error.model_copy(update=updates)
+            )
+        super().__init__(self.api_error.msg)
 
 
 class UnauthorizedError(ApiException):
@@ -92,14 +106,15 @@ class NoSearchableFieldsError(ApiException):
         """Initialize the exception.
 
         Args:
-            model: The SQLAlchemy model class that has no searchable fields
+            model: The model class that has no searchable fields configured.
         """
         self.model = model
-        detail = (
+        super().__init__(
+            desc=(
                 f"No searchable fields found for model '{model.__name__}'. "
                 "Provide 'search_fields' parameter or set 'searchable_fields' on the CRUD class."
             )
-        super().__init__(detail)
+        )
 
 
 class InvalidFacetFilterError(ApiException):
@@ -116,16 +131,41 @@ class InvalidFacetFilterError(ApiException):
         """Initialize the exception.
 
         Args:
-            key: The unknown filter key provided by the caller
-            valid_keys: Set of valid keys derived from the declared facet_fields
+            key: The unknown filter key provided by the caller.
+            valid_keys: Set of valid keys derived from the declared facet_fields.
         """
         self.key = key
         self.valid_keys = valid_keys
-        detail = (
+        super().__init__(
+            desc=(
                 f"'{key}' is not a declared facet field. "
                 f"Valid keys: {sorted(valid_keys) or 'none — set facet_fields on the CRUD class'}."
             )
-        super().__init__(detail)
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidOrderFieldError(ApiException):
+    """Raised when order_by contains a field not in the allowed order fields."""
+
+    api_error = ApiError(
+        code=422,
+        msg="Invalid Order Field",
+        desc="The requested order field is not allowed for this resource.",
+        err_code="SORT-422",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, field: str, valid_fields: list[str]) -> None:
+        """Initialize the exception.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The unknown order field provided by the caller.
+            valid_fields: List of valid field names.
+        """
+        self.field = field
+        self.valid_fields = valid_fields
+        super().__init__(
+            desc=f"'{field}' is not an allowed order field. Valid fields: {valid_fields}."
+        )
 
 
 def generate_error_responses(
@@ -133,44 +173,39 @@ def generate_error_responses(
 ) -> dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]]:
     """Generate OpenAPI response documentation for exceptions.
 
-    Use this to document possible error responses for an endpoint.
-
     Args:
-        *errors: Exception classes that inherit from ApiException
+        *errors: Exception classes that inherit from ApiException.
 
     Returns:
-        Dict suitable for FastAPI's responses parameter
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import generate_error_responses, UnauthorizedError, ForbiddenError
-
-        @app.get(
-            "/admin",
-            responses=generate_error_responses(UnauthorizedError, ForbiddenError)
-        )
-        async def admin_endpoint():
-            ...
-        ```
+        Dict suitable for FastAPI's ``responses`` parameter.
     """
     responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
 
     for error in errors:
         api_error = error.api_error
+        code = api_error.code
 
-        responses[api_error.code] = {
+        if code not in responses:
+            responses[code] = {
                 "model": ErrorResponse,
                 "description": api_error.msg,
                 "content": {
                     "application/json": {
-                    "example": {
+                        "examples": {},
+                    }
+                },
+            }
+
+        responses[code]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"][
+            api_error.err_code
+        ] = {
+            "summary": api_error.msg,
+            "value": {
                 "data": api_error.data,
                 "status": ResponseStatus.FAIL.value,
                 "message": api_error.msg,
                 "description": api_error.desc,
                 "error_code": api_error.err_code,
-                    }
-                }
             },
         }
 

src/fastapi_toolsets/exceptions/handler.py

@@ -1,56 +1,41 @@
 """Exception handlers for FastAPI applications."""
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from typing import Any
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Response, status
-from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError, ResponseValidationError
-from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
+from fastapi.exceptions import (
+    HTTPException,
+    RequestValidationError,
+    ResponseValidationError,
+)
 from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
 
 from ..schemas import ErrorResponse, ResponseStatus
 from .exceptions import ApiException
 
+_VALIDATION_LOCATION_PARAMS: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
+    {"body", "query", "path", "header", "cookie"}
+)
+
 
 def init_exceptions_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> FastAPI:
     """Register exception handlers and custom OpenAPI schema on a FastAPI app.
 
-    Installs handlers for :class:`ApiException`, validation errors, and
-    unhandled exceptions, and replaces the default 422 schema with a
-    consistent error format.
-
     Args:
-        app: FastAPI application instance
+        app: FastAPI application instance.
 
     Returns:
-        The same FastAPI instance (for chaining)
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
-        ```
+        The same FastAPI instance (for chaining).
     """
     _register_exception_handlers(app)
-    app.openapi = lambda: _custom_openapi(app)  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    _original_openapi = app.openapi
+    app.openapi = lambda: _patched_openapi(app, _original_openapi)  # type: ignore[method-assign]
     return app
 
 
 def _register_exception_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
-    """Register all exception handlers on a FastAPI application.
-
-    Args:
-        app: FastAPI application instance
-
-    Example:
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
-    """
+    """Register all exception handlers on a FastAPI application."""
 
     @app.exception_handler(ApiException)
     async def api_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: ApiException) -> Response:
@@ -62,12 +47,25 @@ def _register_exception_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
             description=api_error.desc,
             error_code=api_error.err_code,
         )
-
         return JSONResponse(
             status_code=api_error.code,
             content=error_response.model_dump(),
         )
 
+    @app.exception_handler(HTTPException)
+    async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> Response:
+        """Handle Starlette/FastAPI HTTPException with a consistent error format."""
+        detail = exc.detail if isinstance(exc.detail, str) else "HTTP Error"
+        error_response = ErrorResponse(
+            message=detail,
+            error_code=f"HTTP-{exc.status_code}",
+        )
+        return JSONResponse(
+            status_code=exc.status_code,
+            content=error_response.model_dump(),
+            headers=getattr(exc, "headers", None),
+        )
+
     @app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
     async def request_validation_handler(
         request: Request, exc: RequestValidationError
@@ -90,7 +88,6 @@ def _register_exception_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
             description="An unexpected error occurred. Please try again later.",
             error_code="SERVER-500",
         )
-
         return JSONResponse(
             status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
             content=error_response.model_dump(),
@@ -105,11 +102,10 @@ def _format_validation_error(
     formatted_errors = []
 
     for error in errors:
-        field_path = ".".join(
-            str(loc)
-            for loc in error["loc"]
-            if loc not in ("body", "query", "path", "header", "cookie")
-        )
+        locs = error["loc"]
+        if locs and locs[0] in _VALIDATION_LOCATION_PARAMS:
+            locs = locs[1:]
+        field_path = ".".join(str(loc) for loc in locs)
         formatted_errors.append(
             {
                 "field": field_path or "root",
@@ -131,34 +127,22 @@ def _format_validation_error(
     )
 
 
-def _custom_openapi(app: FastAPI) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    """Generate custom OpenAPI schema with standardized error format.
-
-    Replaces default 422 validation error responses with the custom format.
+def _patched_openapi(
+    app: FastAPI, original_openapi: Callable[[], dict[str, Any]]
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Generate the OpenAPI schema and replace default 422 responses.
 
     Args:
-        app: FastAPI application instance
+        app: FastAPI application instance.
+        original_openapi: The previous ``app.openapi`` callable to delegate to.
 
     Returns:
-        OpenAPI schema dict
-
-    Example:
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-        init_exceptions_handlers(app)  # Automatically sets custom OpenAPI
+        Patched OpenAPI schema dict.
     """
     if app.openapi_schema:
         return app.openapi_schema
 
-    openapi_schema = get_openapi(
-        title=app.title,
-        version=app.version,
-        openapi_version=app.openapi_version,
-        description=app.description,
-        routes=app.routes,
-    )
+    openapi_schema = original_openapi()
 
     for path_data in openapi_schema.get("paths", {}).values():
         for operation in path_data.values():
@@ -168,7 +152,10 @@ def _custom_openapi(app: FastAPI) -> dict[str, Any]:
                         "description": "Validation Error",
                         "content": {
                             "application/json": {
-                                "example": {
+                                "examples": {
+                                    "VAL-422": {
+                                        "summary": "Validation Error",
+                                        "value": {
                                             "data": {
                                                 "errors": [
                                                     {
@@ -182,6 +169,8 @@ def _custom_openapi(app: FastAPI) -> dict[str, Any]:
                                             "message": "Validation Error",
                                             "description": "1 validation error(s) detected",
                                             "error_code": "VAL-422",
+                                        },
+                                    }
                                 }
                             }
                         },

src/fastapi_toolsets/fixtures/utils.py

@@ -1,24 +1,84 @@
 """Fixture loading utilities for database seeding."""
 
 from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
-from typing import Any, TypeVar
+from typing import Any
 
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
 from ..db import get_transaction
 from ..logger import get_logger
+from ..types import ModelType
 from .enum import LoadStrategy
 from .registry import Context, FixtureRegistry
 
 logger = get_logger()
 
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=DeclarativeBase)
+
+async def _load_ordered(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    registry: FixtureRegistry,
+    ordered_names: list[str],
+    strategy: LoadStrategy,
+) -> dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]]:
+    """Load fixtures in order."""
+    results: dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]] = {}
+
+    for name in ordered_names:
+        fixture = registry.get(name)
+        instances = list(fixture.func())
+
+        if not instances:
+            results[name] = []
+            continue
+
+        model_name = type(instances[0]).__name__
+        loaded: list[DeclarativeBase] = []
+
+        async with get_transaction(session):
+            for instance in instances:
+                if strategy == LoadStrategy.INSERT:
+                    session.add(instance)
+                    loaded.append(instance)
+
+                elif strategy == LoadStrategy.MERGE:
+                    merged = await session.merge(instance)
+                    loaded.append(merged)
+
+                else:  # LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+                    pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
+                    if pk is not None:
+                        existing = await session.get(type(instance), pk)
+                        if existing is None:
+                            session.add(instance)
+                            loaded.append(instance)
+                    else:
+                        session.add(instance)
+                        loaded.append(instance)
+
+        results[name] = loaded
+        logger.info(f"Loaded fixture '{name}': {len(loaded)} {model_name}(s)")
+
+    return results
+
+
+def _get_primary_key(instance: DeclarativeBase) -> Any | None:
+    """Get the primary key value of a model instance."""
+    mapper = instance.__class__.__mapper__
+    pk_cols = mapper.primary_key
+
+    if len(pk_cols) == 1:
+        return getattr(instance, pk_cols[0].name, None)
+
+    pk_values = tuple(getattr(instance, col.name, None) for col in pk_cols)
+    if all(v is not None for v in pk_values):
+        return pk_values
+    return None
 
 
 def get_obj_by_attr(
-    fixtures: Callable[[], Sequence[T]], attr_name: str, value: Any
-) -> T:
+    fixtures: Callable[[], Sequence[ModelType]], attr_name: str, value: Any
+) -> ModelType:
     """Get a SQLAlchemy model instance by matching an attribute value.
 
     Args:
@@ -57,13 +117,6 @@ async def load_fixtures(
 
     Returns:
         Dict mapping fixture names to loaded instances
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        # Loads 'roles' first (dependency), then 'users'
-        result = await load_fixtures(session, fixtures, "users")
-        print(result["users"])  # [User(...), ...]
-        ```
     """
     ordered = registry.resolve_dependencies(*names)
     return await _load_ordered(session, registry, ordered, strategy)
@@ -85,76 +138,6 @@ async def load_fixtures_by_context(
 
     Returns:
         Dict mapping fixture names to loaded instances
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        # Load base + testing fixtures
-        await load_fixtures_by_context(
-            session, fixtures,
-            Context.BASE, Context.TESTING
-        )
-        ```
     """
     ordered = registry.resolve_context_dependencies(*contexts)
     return await _load_ordered(session, registry, ordered, strategy)
-
-
-async def _load_ordered(
-    session: AsyncSession,
-    registry: FixtureRegistry,
-    ordered_names: list[str],
-    strategy: LoadStrategy,
-) -> dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]]:
-    """Load fixtures in order."""
-    results: dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]] = {}
-
-    for name in ordered_names:
-        fixture = registry.get(name)
-        instances = list(fixture.func())
-
-        if not instances:
-            results[name] = []
-            continue
-
-        model_name = type(instances[0]).__name__
-        loaded: list[DeclarativeBase] = []
-
-        async with get_transaction(session):
-            for instance in instances:
-                if strategy == LoadStrategy.INSERT:
-                    session.add(instance)
-                    loaded.append(instance)
-
-                elif strategy == LoadStrategy.MERGE:
-                    merged = await session.merge(instance)
-                    loaded.append(merged)
-
-                elif strategy == LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING:
-                    pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
-                    if pk is not None:
-                        existing = await session.get(type(instance), pk)
-                        if existing is None:
-                            session.add(instance)
-                            loaded.append(instance)
-                    else:
-                        session.add(instance)
-                        loaded.append(instance)
-
-        results[name] = loaded
-        logger.info(f"Loaded fixture '{name}': {len(loaded)} {model_name}(s)")
-
-    return results
-
-
-def _get_primary_key(instance: DeclarativeBase) -> Any | None:
-    """Get the primary key value of a model instance."""
-    mapper = instance.__class__.__mapper__
-    pk_cols = mapper.primary_key
-
-    if len(pk_cols) == 1:
-        return getattr(instance, pk_cols[0].name, None)
-
-    pk_values = tuple(getattr(instance, col.name, None) for col in pk_cols)
-    if all(v is not None for v in pk_values):
-        return pk_values
-    return None

src/fastapi_toolsets/metrics/handler.py

@@ -51,19 +51,25 @@ def init_metrics(
     """
     for provider in registry.get_providers():
         logger.debug("Initialising metric provider '%s'", provider.name)
-        provider.func()
+        registry._instances[provider.name] = provider.func()
 
-    collectors = registry.get_collectors()
+    # Partition collectors and cache env check at startup — both are stable for the app lifetime.
+    async_collectors = [
+        c for c in registry.get_collectors() if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(c.func)
+    ]
+    sync_collectors = [
+        c for c in registry.get_collectors() if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(c.func)
+    ]
+    multiprocess_mode = _is_multiprocess()
 
     @app.get(path, include_in_schema=False)
     async def metrics_endpoint() -> Response:
-        for collector in collectors:
-            if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(collector.func):
-                await collector.func()
-            else:
+        for collector in sync_collectors:
             collector.func()
+        for collector in async_collectors:
+            await collector.func()
 
-        if _is_multiprocess():
+        if multiprocess_mode:
             prom_registry = CollectorRegistry()
             multiprocess.MultiProcessCollector(prom_registry)
             output = generate_latest(prom_registry)

src/fastapi_toolsets/metrics/registry.py

@@ -19,31 +19,11 @@ class Metric:
 
 
 class MetricsRegistry:
-    """Registry for managing Prometheus metric providers and collectors.
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        from prometheus_client import Counter, Gauge
-        from fastapi_toolsets.metrics import MetricsRegistry
-
-        metrics = MetricsRegistry()
-
-        @metrics.register
-        def http_requests():
-            return Counter("http_requests_total", "Total HTTP requests", ["method", "status"])
-
-        @metrics.register(name="db_pool")
-        def database_pool_size():
-            return Gauge("db_pool_size", "Database connection pool size")
-
-        @metrics.register(collect=True)
-        def collect_queue_depth(gauge=Gauge("queue_depth", "Current queue depth")):
-            gauge.set(get_current_queue_depth())
-        ```
-    """
+    """Registry for managing Prometheus metric providers and collectors."""
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self._metrics: dict[str, Metric] = {}
+        self._instances: dict[str, Any] = {}
 
     def register(
         self,
@@ -61,17 +41,6 @@ class MetricsRegistry:
             name: Metric name (defaults to function name).
             collect: If ``True``, the function is called on every scrape.
                 If ``False`` (default), called once at init time.
-
-        Example:
-            ```python
-            @metrics.register
-            def my_counter():
-                return Counter("my_counter", "A counter")
-
-            @metrics.register(collect=True, name="queue")
-            def collect_queue_depth():
-                gauge.set(compute_depth())
-            ```
         """
 
         def decorator(fn: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
@@ -87,6 +56,25 @@ class MetricsRegistry:
             return decorator(func)
         return decorator
 
+    def get(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        """Return the metric instance created by a provider.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The metric name (defaults to the provider function name).
+
+        Raises:
+            KeyError: If the metric name is unknown or ``init_metrics`` has not
+                been called yet.
+        """
+        if name not in self._instances:
+            if name in self._metrics:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    f"Metric '{name}' exists but has not been initialized yet. "
+                    "Ensure init_metrics() has been called before accessing metric instances."
+                )
+            raise KeyError(f"Unknown metric '{name}'.")
+        return self._instances[name]
+
     def include_registry(self, registry: "MetricsRegistry") -> None:
         """Include another :class:`MetricsRegistry` into this one.
 
@@ -95,18 +83,6 @@ class MetricsRegistry:
 
         Raises:
             ValueError: If a metric name already exists in the current registry.
-
-        Example:
-            ```python
-            main = MetricsRegistry()
-            sub = MetricsRegistry()
-
-            @sub.register
-            def sub_metric():
-                return Counter("sub_total", "Sub counter")
-
-            main.include_registry(sub)
-            ```
         """
         for metric_name, definition in registry._metrics.items():
             if metric_name in self._metrics:

src/fastapi_toolsets/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""SQLAlchemy model mixins for common column patterns."""
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, Uuid, func, text
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+__all__ = [
+    "UUIDMixin",
+    "CreatedAtMixin",
+    "UpdatedAtMixin",
+    "TimestampMixin",
+]
+
+
+class UUIDMixin:
+    """Mixin that adds a UUID primary key auto-generated by the database."""
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
+        Uuid,
+        primary_key=True,
+        server_default=text("gen_random_uuid()"),
+    )
+
+
+class CreatedAtMixin:
+    """Mixin that adds a ``created_at`` timestamp column."""
+
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True),
+        server_default=func.now(),
+    )
+
+
+class UpdatedAtMixin:
+    """Mixin that adds an ``updated_at`` timestamp column."""
+
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True),
+        server_default=func.now(),
+        onupdate=func.now(),
+    )
+
+
+class TimestampMixin(CreatedAtMixin, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    """Mixin that combines ``created_at`` and ``updated_at`` timestamp columns."""

src/fastapi_toolsets/pytest/utils.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """Pytest helper utilities for FastAPI testing."""
 
 import os
+import warnings
 from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from typing import Any
 
 from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
-from sqlalchemy import text
 from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
     AsyncSession,
@@ -15,7 +15,134 @@ from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
 )
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
-from ..db import create_db_context
+from sqlalchemy import text
+
+from ..db import (
+    cleanup_tables as _cleanup_tables,
+    create_database,
+    create_db_context,
+)
+
+
+async def cleanup_tables(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    base: type[DeclarativeBase],
+) -> None:
+    """Truncate all tables for fast between-test cleanup.
+
+    .. deprecated::
+        Import ``cleanup_tables`` from ``fastapi_toolsets.db`` instead.
+        This re-export will be removed in v3.0.0.
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Importing cleanup_tables from fastapi_toolsets.pytest is deprecated "
+        "and will be removed in v3.0.0. "
+        "Use 'from fastapi_toolsets.db import cleanup_tables' instead.",
+        DeprecationWarning,
+        stacklevel=2,
+    )
+    await _cleanup_tables(session=session, base=base)
+
+
+def _get_xdist_worker(default_test_db: str) -> str:
+    """Return the pytest-xdist worker name, or *default_test_db* when not running under xdist.
+
+    Reads the ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER`` environment variable that xdist sets
+    automatically in each worker process (e.g. ``"gw0"``, ``"gw1"``).
+    When xdist is not installed or not active, the variable is absent and
+    *default_test_db* is returned instead.
+
+    Args:
+        default_test_db: Fallback value returned when ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER``
+            is not set.
+    """
+    return os.environ.get("PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER", default_test_db)
+
+
+def worker_database_url(database_url: str, default_test_db: str) -> str:
+    """Derive a per-worker database URL for pytest-xdist parallel runs.
+
+    Appends ``_{worker_name}`` to the database name so each xdist worker
+    operates on its own database.  When not running under xdist,
+    ``_{default_test_db}`` is appended instead.
+
+    The worker name is read from the ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER`` environment
+    variable (set automatically by xdist in each worker process).
+
+    Args:
+        database_url: Original database connection URL.
+        default_test_db: Suffix appended to the database name when
+            ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER`` is not set.
+
+    Returns:
+        A database URL with a worker- or default-specific database name.
+    """
+    worker = _get_xdist_worker(default_test_db=default_test_db)
+
+    url = make_url(database_url)
+    url = url.set(database=f"{url.database}_{worker}")
+    return url.render_as_string(hide_password=False)
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def create_worker_database(
+    database_url: str,
+    default_test_db: str = "test_db",
+) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
+    """Create and drop a per-worker database for pytest-xdist isolation.
+
+    Derives a worker-specific database URL using :func:`worker_database_url`,
+    then delegates to :func:`~fastapi_toolsets.db.create_database` to create
+    and drop it.  Intended for use as a **session-scoped** fixture.
+
+    When running under xdist the database name is suffixed with the worker
+    name (e.g. ``_gw0``).  Otherwise it is suffixed with *default_test_db*.
+
+    Args:
+        database_url: Original database connection URL (used as the server
+            connection and as the base for the worker database name).
+        default_test_db: Suffix appended to the database name when
+            ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER`` is not set. Defaults to ``"test_db"``.
+
+    Yields:
+        The worker-specific database URL.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_worker_database, create_db_session
+
+        DATABASE_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/test_db"
+
+        @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+        async def worker_db_url():
+            async with create_worker_database(DATABASE_URL) as url:
+                yield url
+
+        @pytest.fixture
+        async def db_session(worker_db_url):
+            async with create_db_session(
+                worker_db_url, Base, cleanup=True
+            ) as session:
+                yield session
+        ```
+    """
+    worker_url = worker_database_url(
+        database_url=database_url, default_test_db=default_test_db
+    )
+    worker_db_name: str = make_url(worker_url).database  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    engine = create_async_engine(database_url, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
+    try:
+        async with engine.connect() as conn:
+            await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {worker_db_name}"))
+        await create_database(db_name=worker_db_name, server_url=database_url)
+
+        yield worker_url
+
+        async with engine.connect() as conn:
+            await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {worker_db_name}"))
+    finally:
+        await engine.dispose()
 
 
 @asynccontextmanager
@@ -156,160 +283,3 @@ async def create_db_session(
                 await conn.run_sync(base.metadata.drop_all)
     finally:
         await engine.dispose()
-
-
-def _get_xdist_worker(default_test_db: str) -> str:
-    """Return the pytest-xdist worker name, or *default_test_db* when not running under xdist.
-
-    Reads the ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER`` environment variable that xdist sets
-    automatically in each worker process (e.g. ``"gw0"``, ``"gw1"``).
-    When xdist is not installed or not active, the variable is absent and
-    *default_test_db* is returned instead.
-
-    Args:
-        default_test_db: Fallback value returned when ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER``
-            is not set.
-    """
-    return os.environ.get("PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER", default_test_db)
-
-
-def worker_database_url(database_url: str, default_test_db: str) -> str:
-    """Derive a per-worker database URL for pytest-xdist parallel runs.
-
-    Appends ``_{worker_name}`` to the database name so each xdist worker
-    operates on its own database.  When not running under xdist,
-    ``_{default_test_db}`` is appended instead.
-
-    The worker name is read from the ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER`` environment
-    variable (set automatically by xdist in each worker process).
-
-    Args:
-        database_url: Original database connection URL.
-        default_test_db: Suffix appended to the database name when
-            ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER`` is not set.
-
-    Returns:
-        A database URL with a worker- or default-specific database name.
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        # With PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER="gw0":
-        url = worker_database_url(
-            "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db",
-            default_test_db="test",
-        )
-        # "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db_gw0"
-
-        # Without PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER:
-        url = worker_database_url(
-            "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db",
-            default_test_db="test",
-        )
-        # "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db_test"
-        ```
-    """
-    worker = _get_xdist_worker(default_test_db=default_test_db)
-
-    url = make_url(database_url)
-    url = url.set(database=f"{url.database}_{worker}")
-    return url.render_as_string(hide_password=False)
-
-
-@asynccontextmanager
-async def create_worker_database(
-    database_url: str,
-    default_test_db: str = "test_db",
-) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
-    """Create and drop a per-worker database for pytest-xdist isolation.
-
-    Intended for use as a **session-scoped** fixture.  Connects to the server
-    using the original *database_url* (with ``AUTOCOMMIT`` isolation for DDL),
-    creates a dedicated database for the worker, and yields the worker-specific
-    URL.  On cleanup the worker database is dropped.
-
-    When running under xdist the database name is suffixed with the worker
-    name (e.g. ``_gw0``).  Otherwise it is suffixed with *default_test_db*.
-
-    Args:
-        database_url: Original database connection URL.
-        default_test_db: Suffix appended to the database name when
-            ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER`` is not set. Defaults to ``"test_db"``.
-
-    Yields:
-        The worker-specific database URL.
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import (
-            create_worker_database, create_db_session,
-        )
-
-        DATABASE_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/test_db"
-
-        @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
-        async def worker_db_url():
-            async with create_worker_database(DATABASE_URL) as url:
-                yield url
-
-        @pytest.fixture
-        async def db_session(worker_db_url):
-            async with create_db_session(
-                worker_db_url, Base, cleanup=True
-            ) as session:
-                yield session
-        ```
-    """
-    worker_url = worker_database_url(
-        database_url=database_url, default_test_db=default_test_db
-    )
-    worker_db_name = make_url(worker_url).database
-
-    engine = create_async_engine(
-        database_url,
-        isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT",
-    )
-    try:
-        async with engine.connect() as conn:
-            await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {worker_db_name}"))
-            await conn.execute(text(f"CREATE DATABASE {worker_db_name}"))
-
-        yield worker_url
-
-        async with engine.connect() as conn:
-            await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {worker_db_name}"))
-    finally:
-        await engine.dispose()
-
-
-async def cleanup_tables(
-    session: AsyncSession,
-    base: type[DeclarativeBase],
-) -> None:
-    """Truncate all tables for fast between-test cleanup.
-
-    Executes a single ``TRUNCATE … RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE`` statement
-    across every table in *base*'s metadata, which is significantly faster
-    than dropping and re-creating tables between tests.
-
-    This is a no-op when the metadata contains no tables.
-
-    Args:
-        session: An active async database session.
-        base: SQLAlchemy DeclarativeBase class containing model metadata.
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        @pytest.fixture
-        async def db_session(worker_db_url):
-            async with create_db_session(worker_db_url, Base) as session:
-                yield session
-                await cleanup_tables(session, Base)
-        ```
-    """
-    tables = base.metadata.sorted_tables
-    if not tables:
-        return
-
-    table_names = ", ".join(f'"{t.name}"' for t in tables)
-    await session.execute(text(f"TRUNCATE {table_names} RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE"))
-    await session.commit()

src/fastapi_toolsets/schemas.py

@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 """Base Pydantic schemas for API responses."""
 
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
+from .types import DataT
+
 __all__ = [
     "ApiError",
     "CursorPagination",
     "ErrorResponse",
     "OffsetPagination",
-    "Pagination",
     "PaginatedResponse",
     "PydanticBase",
     "Response",
     "ResponseStatus",
 ]
 
-DataT = TypeVar("DataT")
-
 
 class PydanticBase(BaseModel):
     """Base class for all Pydantic models with common configuration."""
@@ -108,10 +107,6 @@ class OffsetPagination(PydanticBase):
     has_more: bool
 
 
-# Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
-Pagination = OffsetPagination
-
-
 class CursorPagination(PydanticBase):
     """Pagination metadata for cursor-based list responses.
 

src/fastapi_toolsets/types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Shared type aliases for the fastapi-toolsets package."""
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, QueryableAttribute
+from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import InstrumentedAttribute
+from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import ColumnElement
+
+# Generic TypeVars
+DataT = TypeVar("DataT")
+ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=DeclarativeBase)
+SchemaType = TypeVar("SchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
+
+# CRUD type aliases
+JoinType = list[tuple[type[DeclarativeBase], Any]]
+M2MFieldType = Mapping[str, QueryableAttribute[Any]]
+OrderByClause = ColumnElement[Any] | QueryableAttribute[Any]
+
+# Search / facet type aliases
+SearchFieldType = InstrumentedAttribute[Any] | tuple[InstrumentedAttribute[Any], ...]
+FacetFieldType = SearchFieldType
+
+# Dependency type aliases
+SessionDependency = Callable[[], AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]]

tests/conftest.py

@@ -92,6 +92,15 @@ class IntRole(Base):
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), unique=True)
 
 
+class Permission(Base):
+    """Test model with composite primary key."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "permissions"
+
+    subject: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), primary_key=True)
+    action: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), primary_key=True)
+
+
 class Event(Base):
     """Test model with DateTime and Date cursor columns."""
 
@@ -162,6 +171,7 @@ class UserRead(PydanticBase):
 
     id: uuid.UUID
     username: str
+    is_active: bool = True
 
 
 class UserUpdate(BaseModel):
@@ -218,12 +228,26 @@ class PostM2MUpdate(BaseModel):
     tag_ids: list[uuid.UUID] | None = None
 
 
+class IntRoleRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading an IntRole."""
+
+    id: int
+    name: str
+
+
 class IntRoleCreate(BaseModel):
     """Schema for creating an IntRole."""
 
     name: str
 
 
+class EventRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading an Event."""
+
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    name: str
+
+
 class EventCreate(BaseModel):
     """Schema for creating an Event."""
 
@@ -232,6 +256,13 @@ class EventCreate(BaseModel):
     scheduled_date: datetime.date
 
 
+class ProductRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading a Product."""
+
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    name: str
+
+
 class ProductCreate(BaseModel):
     """Schema for creating a Product."""
 

tests/test_crud.py

@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ from .conftest import (
     EventCrud,
     EventDateCursorCrud,
     EventDateTimeCursorCrud,
+    EventRead,
     IntRoleCreate,
     IntRoleCursorCrud,
+    IntRoleRead,
     Post,
     PostCreate,
     PostCrud,
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ from .conftest import (
     ProductCreate,
     ProductCrud,
     ProductNumericCursorCrud,
+    ProductRead,
     Role,
     RoleCreate,
     RoleCrud,
@@ -169,7 +172,14 @@ class TestDefaultLoadOptionsIntegration:
     async def test_default_load_options_applied_to_paginate(
         self, db_session: AsyncSession
     ):
-        """default_load_options loads relationships automatically on paginate()."""
+        """default_load_options loads relationships automatically on offset_paginate()."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PydanticBase
+
+        class UserWithRoleRead(PydanticBase):
+            id: uuid.UUID
+            username: str
+            role: RoleRead | None = None
+
         UserWithDefaultLoad = CrudFactory(
             User, default_load_options=[selectinload(User.role)]
         )
@@ -178,7 +188,9 @@ class TestDefaultLoadOptionsIntegration:
             db_session,
             UserCreate(username="alice", email="alice@test.com", role_id=role.id),
         )
-        result = await UserWithDefaultLoad.paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserWithDefaultLoad.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, schema=UserWithRoleRead
+        )
         assert result.data[0].role is not None
         assert result.data[0].role.name == "admin"
 
@@ -430,7 +442,7 @@ class TestCrudDelete:
         role = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="to_delete"))
         result = await RoleCrud.delete(db_session, [Role.id == role.id])
 
-        assert result is True
+        assert result is None
         assert await RoleCrud.first(db_session, [Role.id == role.id]) is None
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
@@ -454,6 +466,20 @@ class TestCrudDelete:
         assert len(remaining) == 1
         assert remaining[0].username == "u3"
 
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_delete_return_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """Delete with return_response=True returns Response[None]."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
+
+        role = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="to_delete_resp"))
+        result = await RoleCrud.delete(
+            db_session, [Role.id == role.id], return_response=True
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Response)
+        assert result.data is None
+        assert await RoleCrud.first(db_session, [Role.id == role.id]) is None
+
 
 class TestCrudExists:
     """Tests for CRUD exists operations."""
@@ -594,7 +620,9 @@ class TestCrudPaginate:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
 
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(db_session, page=1, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, page=1, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert len(result.data) == 10
@@ -609,7 +637,9 @@ class TestCrudPaginate:
         for i in range(25):
             await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
 
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(db_session, page=3, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, page=3, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 5
         assert result.pagination.has_more is False
@@ -629,11 +659,12 @@ class TestCrudPaginate:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
             page=1,
             items_per_page=10,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -646,11 +677,12 @@ class TestCrudPaginate:
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="alpha"))
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="bravo"))
 
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             order_by=Role.name,
             page=1,
             items_per_page=10,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
 
         names = [r.name for r in result.data]
@@ -855,12 +887,13 @@ class TestCrudJoins:
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
 
         # Paginate users with published posts
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             joins=[(Post, Post.author_id == User.id)],
             filters=[Post.is_published == True],  # noqa: E712
             page=1,
             items_per_page=10,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -889,12 +922,13 @@ class TestCrudJoins:
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
 
         # Paginate with outer join
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             joins=[(Post, Post.author_id == User.id)],
             outer_join=True,
             page=1,
             items_per_page=10,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -931,70 +965,6 @@ class TestCrudJoins:
         assert users[0].username == "multi_join"
 
 
-class TestAsResponse:
-    """Tests for as_response parameter (deprecated, kept for backward compat)."""
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_create_as_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Create with as_response=True returns Response and emits DeprecationWarning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        data = RoleCreate(name="response_role")
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, data, as_response=True)
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert result.data is not None
-        assert result.data.name == "response_role"
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_get_as_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Get with as_response=True returns Response and emits DeprecationWarning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="get_response"))
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.get(
-                db_session, [Role.id == created.id], as_response=True
-            )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert result.data is not None
-        assert result.data.id == created.id
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_update_as_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Update with as_response=True returns Response and emits DeprecationWarning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="old_name"))
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.update(
-                db_session,
-                RoleUpdate(name="new_name"),
-                [Role.id == created.id],
-                as_response=True,
-            )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert result.data is not None
-        assert result.data.name == "new_name"
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_delete_as_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Delete with as_response=True returns Response and emits DeprecationWarning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="to_delete"))
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.delete(
-                db_session, [Role.id == created.id], as_response=True
-            )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert result.data is None
-
-
 class TestCrudFactoryM2M:
     """Tests for CrudFactory with m2m_fields parameter."""
 
@@ -1475,92 +1445,35 @@ class TestSchemaResponse:
         assert isinstance(result, Response)
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_paginate_with_schema(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """paginate with schema returns PaginatedResponse[SchemaType]."""
+    async def test_offset_paginate_with_schema(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """offset_paginate with schema returns PaginatedResponse[SchemaType]."""
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse
 
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="p_role1"))
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="p_role2"))
 
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(db_session, schema=RoleRead)
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=RoleRead)
 
         assert isinstance(result, PaginatedResponse)
         assert len(result.data) == 2
         assert all(isinstance(item, RoleRead) for item in result.data)
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_paginate_schema_filters_fields(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """paginate with schema only exposes schema fields per item."""
+    async def test_offset_paginate_schema_filters_fields(
+        self, db_session: AsyncSession
+    ):
+        """offset_paginate with schema only exposes schema fields per item."""
         await UserCrud.create(
             db_session,
             UserCreate(username="pg_user", email="pg@test.com"),
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert isinstance(result.data[0], UserRead)
         assert result.data[0].username == "pg_user"
         assert not hasattr(result.data[0], "email")
 
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_as_response_true_without_schema_unchanged(
-        self, db_session: AsyncSession
-    ):
-        """as_response=True without schema still returns Response[ModelType] with a warning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="compat"))
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.get(
-                db_session, [Role.id == created.id], as_response=True
-            )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert isinstance(result.data, Role)
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_schema_with_explicit_as_response_true(
-        self, db_session: AsyncSession
-    ):
-        """schema combined with explicit as_response=True works correctly."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="combined"))
-        result = await RoleCrud.get(
-            db_session,
-            [Role.id == created.id],
-            as_response=True,
-            schema=RoleRead,
-        )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert isinstance(result.data, RoleRead)
-
-
-class TestPaginateAlias:
-    """Tests that paginate is a backward-compatible alias for offset_paginate."""
-
-    def test_paginate_is_alias_of_offset_paginate(self):
-        """paginate and offset_paginate are the same underlying function."""
-        assert RoleCrud.paginate.__func__ is RoleCrud.offset_paginate.__func__
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_paginate_alias_returns_offset_pagination(
-        self, db_session: AsyncSession
-    ):
-        """paginate() still works and returns PaginatedResponse with OffsetPagination."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination, PaginatedResponse
-
-        for i in range(3):
-            await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
-
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(db_session, page=1, items_per_page=10)
-
-        assert isinstance(result, PaginatedResponse)
-        assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
-        assert result.pagination.total_count == 3
-        assert result.pagination.page == 1
-
 
 class TestCursorPaginate:
     """Tests for cursor-based pagination via cursor_paginate()."""
@@ -1573,7 +1486,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
         for i in range(25):
             await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
 
-        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result, PaginatedResponse)
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1591,7 +1506,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
         for i in range(5):
             await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
 
-        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(result.data) == 5
@@ -1606,14 +1523,16 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=10)
+        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(page1.data) == 10
         assert page1.pagination.has_more is True
 
         cursor = page1.pagination.next_cursor
         page2 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, cursor=cursor, items_per_page=10
+            db_session, cursor=cursor, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
         )
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(page2.data) == 5
@@ -1628,12 +1547,15 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=4)
+        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=4, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         page2 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=4,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
 
         ids_page1 = {r.id for r in page1.data}
@@ -1646,7 +1568,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
         """cursor_paginate on an empty table returns empty data with no cursor."""
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert result.data == []
@@ -1671,6 +1595,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 5
@@ -1703,7 +1628,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
         for i in range(5):
             await RoleNameCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
 
-        result = await RoleNameCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=3)
+        result = await RoleNameCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(result.data) == 3
@@ -1714,7 +1641,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
     async def test_raises_without_cursor_column(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
         """cursor_paginate raises ValueError when cursor_column is not configured."""
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="cursor_column is not set"):
-            await RoleCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session)
+            await RoleCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, schema=RoleRead)
 
 
 class TestCursorPaginatePrevCursor:
@@ -1728,7 +1655,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginatePrevCursor:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=3)
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert result.pagination.prev_cursor is None
@@ -1741,12 +1670,15 @@ class TestCursorPaginatePrevCursor:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=5)
+        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=5, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         page2 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=5,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert page2.pagination.prev_cursor is not None
@@ -1762,12 +1694,15 @@ class TestCursorPaginatePrevCursor:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=5)
+        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=5, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         page2 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=5,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert page2.pagination.prev_cursor is not None
@@ -1802,6 +1737,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateWithSearch:
             db_session,
             search="admin",
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 5
@@ -1836,6 +1772,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             db_session,
             joins=[(Role, User.role_id == Role.id)],
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1867,6 +1804,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             joins=[(Role, User.role_id == Role.id)],
             outer_join=True,
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1876,7 +1814,12 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
     @pytest.mark.anyio
     async def test_with_load_options(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
         """cursor_paginate passes load_options to the query."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination, PydanticBase
+
+        class UserWithRoleRead(PydanticBase):
+            id: uuid.UUID
+            username: str
+            role: RoleRead | None = None
 
         role = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="manager"))
         for i in range(3):
@@ -1893,6 +1836,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             db_session,
             load_options=[selectinload(User.role)],
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserWithRoleRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1912,6 +1856,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             db_session,
             order_by=Role.name.desc(),
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1925,7 +1870,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
         for i in range(5):
             await IntRoleCursorCrud.create(db_session, IntRoleCreate(name=f"role{i}"))
 
-        page1 = await IntRoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=3)
+        page1 = await IntRoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=IntRoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(page1.data) == 3
@@ -1935,6 +1882,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=IntRoleRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1955,7 +1903,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="role01"))
 
         # First page succeeds (no cursor to decode)
-        page1 = await RoleNameCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=1)
+        page1 = await RoleNameCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=1, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert page1.pagination.has_more is True
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
 
@@ -1965,6 +1915,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
                 db_session,
                 cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
                 items_per_page=1,
+                schema=RoleRead,
             )
 
 
@@ -2003,6 +1954,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateSearchJoins:
             search="administrator",
             search_fields=[(User.role, Role.name)],
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2049,7 +2001,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             )
 
         page1 = await EventDateTimeCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, items_per_page=3
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=EventRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2060,6 +2012,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=EventRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2087,7 +2040,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
                 ),
             )
 
-        page1 = await EventDateCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=3)
+        page1 = await EventDateCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=EventRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(page1.data) == 3
@@ -2097,6 +2052,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=EventRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2123,7 +2079,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             )
 
         page1 = await ProductNumericCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, items_per_page=3
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=ProductRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2134,6 +2090,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=ProductRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)

tests/test_crud_search.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 """Tests for CRUD search functionality."""
 
+import inspect
 import uuid
 
 import pytest
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import ColumnElement, UnaryExpression
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.crud import (
     CrudFactory,
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.crud import (
     SearchConfig,
     get_searchable_fields,
 )
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import InvalidOrderFieldError
 from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
 
 from .conftest import (
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ from .conftest import (
     User,
     UserCreate,
     UserCrud,
+    UserRead,
 )
 
 
@@ -39,10 +43,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob_smith", email="bob@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="doe",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -58,10 +63,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="company_bob", email="bob@other.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="company",
             search_fields=[User.username, User.email],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -86,10 +92,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             UserCreate(username="user1", email="u1@test.com", role_id=user_role.id),
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="admin",
             search_fields=[(User.role, Role.name)],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -105,10 +112,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
         )
 
         # Search "admin" in username OR role.name
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="admin",
             search_fields=[User.username, (User.role, Role.name)],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -121,10 +129,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="JohnDoe", email="j@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="johndoe",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -138,19 +147,21 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
         )
 
         # Should not find (case mismatch)
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search=SearchConfig(query="johndoe", case_sensitive=True),
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 0
 
         # Should find (case match)
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search=SearchConfig(query="JohnDoe", case_sensitive=True),
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 1
@@ -165,11 +176,13 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="user2", email="u2@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(db_session, search="")
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, search="", schema=UserRead)
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 2
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(db_session, search=None)
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, search=None, schema=UserRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 2
 
@@ -185,11 +198,12 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             UserCreate(username="inactive_john", email="ij@test.com", is_active=False),
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
             search="john",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -203,7 +217,9 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="findme", email="other@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(db_session, search="findme")
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, search="findme", schema=UserRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 1
@@ -215,10 +231,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="john", email="j@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="nonexistent",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -234,12 +251,13 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
                 UserCreate(username=f"user_{i}", email=f"user{i}@test.com"),
             )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="user_",
             search_fields=[User.username],
             page=1,
             items_per_page=5,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -261,10 +279,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
         )
 
         # Search in username, not in role
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="role",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -283,11 +302,12 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob", email="b@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="@test.com",
             search_fields=[User.email],
             order_by=User.username,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -307,10 +327,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
         )
 
         # Search by UUID (partial match)
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="12345678",
             search_fields=[User.id, User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -360,10 +381,11 @@ class TestSearchConfig:
         )
 
         # 'john' must be in username AND email
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search=SearchConfig(query="john", match_mode="all"),
             search_fields=[User.username, User.email],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -377,9 +399,10 @@ class TestSearchConfig:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="test", email="findme@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search=SearchConfig(query="findme", fields=[User.email]),
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -407,7 +430,7 @@ class TestNoSearchableFieldsError:
         from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import NoSearchableFieldsError
 
         error = NoSearchableFieldsError(User)
-        assert "User" in str(error)
+        assert "User" in error.api_error.desc
         assert error.model is User
 
     def test_error_raised_when_no_fields(self):
@@ -431,7 +454,7 @@ class TestNoSearchableFieldsError:
             build_search_filters(NoStringModel, "test")
 
         assert exc_info.value.model is NoStringModel
-        assert "NoStringModel" in str(exc_info.value)
+        assert "NoStringModel" in exc_info.value.api_error.desc
 
 
 class TestGetSearchableFields:
@@ -475,7 +498,7 @@ class TestFacetsNotSet:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="alice", email="a@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is None
 
@@ -487,7 +510,7 @@ class TestFacetsNotSet:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="alice", email="a@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is None
 
@@ -506,7 +529,7 @@ class TestFacetsDirectColumn:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob", email="b@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         # Distinct usernames, sorted
@@ -525,7 +548,7 @@ class TestFacetsDirectColumn:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob", email="b@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         assert set(result.filter_attributes["email"]) == {"a@test.com", "b@test.com"}
@@ -541,7 +564,7 @@ class TestFacetsDirectColumn:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob", email="b@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         assert "username" in result.filter_attributes
@@ -558,7 +581,7 @@ class TestFacetsDirectColumn:
 
         # Override: ask for email instead of username
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, facet_fields=[User.email]
+            db_session, facet_fields=[User.email], schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
@@ -584,6 +607,7 @@ class TestFacetsRespectFilters:
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
@@ -614,7 +638,7 @@ class TestFacetsRelationship:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="charlie", email="c@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         assert set(result.filter_attributes["name"]) == {"admin", "editor"}
@@ -629,7 +653,7 @@ class TestFacetsRelationship:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="norole", email="n@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         assert result.filter_attributes["name"] == []
@@ -653,7 +677,10 @@ class TestFacetsRelationship:
         )
 
         result = await UserSearchFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, search="admin", search_fields=[(User.role, Role.name)]
+            db_session,
+            search="admin",
+            search_fields=[(User.role, Role.name)],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
@@ -675,7 +702,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by={"username": "alice"}
+            db_session, filter_by={"username": "alice"}, schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 1
@@ -698,7 +725,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by={"username": ["alice", "bob"]}
+            db_session, filter_by={"username": ["alice", "bob"]}, schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -723,7 +750,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by={"name": "admin"}
+            db_session, filter_by={"name": "admin"}, schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -746,6 +773,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
             filter_by={"username": ["alice", "alice2"]},
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         # Only alice passes both: is_active=True AND username IN [alice, alice2]
@@ -760,7 +788,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
 
         with pytest.raises(InvalidFacetFilterError) as exc_info:
             await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-                db_session, filter_by={"nonexistent": "value"}
+                db_session, filter_by={"nonexistent": "value"}, schema=UserRead
             )
 
         assert exc_info.value.key == "nonexistent"
@@ -792,6 +820,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         result = await UserRoleFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             filter_by={"name": "admin", "id": str(admin.id)},
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -812,7 +841,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by={"username": "alice"}
+            db_session, filter_by={"username": "alice"}, schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 1
@@ -836,7 +865,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by=UserFilter(username="alice")
+            db_session, filter_by=UserFilter(username="alice"), schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -862,7 +891,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by=UserFilter(username="alice")
+            db_session, filter_by=UserFilter(username="alice"), schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 1
@@ -971,7 +1000,9 @@ class TestFilterParamsSchema:
 
         dep = UserFacetCrud.filter_params()
         f = await dep(username=["alice"])
-        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, filter_by=f)
+        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, filter_by=f, schema=UserRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 1
@@ -992,7 +1023,9 @@ class TestFilterParamsSchema:
 
         dep = UserFacetCursorCrud.filter_params()
         f = await dep(username=["alice"])
-        result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, filter_by=f)
+        result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, filter_by=f, schema=UserRead
+        )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 1
         assert result.data[0].username == "alice"
@@ -1010,7 +1043,150 @@ class TestFilterParamsSchema:
 
         dep = UserFacetCrud.filter_params()
         f = await dep()  # all fields None
-        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, filter_by=f)
+        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, filter_by=f, schema=UserRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 2
+
+
+class TestOrderParamsSchema:
+    """Tests for AsyncCrud.order_params()."""
+
+    def test_generates_order_by_and_order_params(self):
+        """Returned dependency has order_by and order query params."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username, User.email])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params()
+
+        param_names = set(inspect.signature(dep).parameters)
+        assert param_names == {"order_by", "order"}
+
+    def test_dependency_name_includes_model_name(self):
+        """Dependency function is named after the model."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params()
+        assert getattr(dep, "__name__") == "UserOrderParams"
+
+    def test_raises_when_no_order_fields(self):
+        """ValueError raised when no order_fields are configured or provided."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="no order_fields"):
+            UserCrud.order_params()
+
+    def test_order_fields_override(self):
+        """order_fields= parameter overrides the class-level default."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username, User.email])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params(order_fields=[User.email])
+
+        param_names = set(inspect.signature(dep).parameters)
+        assert "order_by" in param_names
+        # description should only mention email, not username
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        description = sig.parameters["order_by"].default.description
+        assert "email" in description
+        assert "username" not in description
+
+    def test_order_by_description_lists_valid_fields(self):
+        """order_by query param description mentions each allowed field."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username, User.email])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params()
+
+        sig = inspect.signature(dep)
+        description = sig.parameters["order_by"].default.description
+        assert "username" in description
+        assert "email" in description
+
+    def test_default_order_reflected_in_order_default(self):
+        """default_order is used as the default value for order."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username])
+        dep_asc = UserOrderCrud.order_params(default_order="asc")
+        dep_desc = UserOrderCrud.order_params(default_order="desc")
+
+        sig_asc = inspect.signature(dep_asc)
+        sig_desc = inspect.signature(dep_desc)
+        assert sig_asc.parameters["order"].default.default == "asc"
+        assert sig_desc.parameters["order"].default.default == "desc"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_no_order_by_no_default_returns_none(self):
+        """Returns None when order_by is absent and no default_field is set."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params()
+        result = await dep(order_by=None, order="asc")
+        assert result is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_no_order_by_with_default_field_returns_asc_expression(self):
+        """Returns default_field.asc() when order_by absent and order=asc."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params(default_field=User.username)
+        result = await dep(order_by=None, order="asc")
+        assert isinstance(result, UnaryExpression)
+        assert "ASC" in str(result)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_no_order_by_with_default_field_returns_desc_expression(self):
+        """Returns default_field.desc() when order_by absent and order=desc."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params(default_field=User.username)
+        result = await dep(order_by=None, order="desc")
+        assert isinstance(result, UnaryExpression)
+        assert "DESC" in str(result)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_valid_order_by_asc(self):
+        """Returns field.asc() for a valid order_by with order=asc."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params()
+        result = await dep(order_by="username", order="asc")
+        assert isinstance(result, UnaryExpression)
+        assert "ASC" in str(result)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_valid_order_by_desc(self):
+        """Returns field.desc() for a valid order_by with order=desc."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params()
+        result = await dep(order_by="username", order="desc")
+        assert isinstance(result, UnaryExpression)
+        assert "DESC" in str(result)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_invalid_order_by_raises_invalid_order_field_error(self):
+        """Raises InvalidOrderFieldError for an unknown order_by value."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params()
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidOrderFieldError) as exc_info:
+            await dep(order_by="nonexistent", order="asc")
+        assert exc_info.value.field == "nonexistent"
+        assert "username" in exc_info.value.valid_fields
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_multiple_fields_all_resolve(self):
+        """All configured fields resolve correctly via order_by."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username, User.email])
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params()
+        result_username = await dep(order_by="username", order="asc")
+        result_email = await dep(order_by="email", order="desc")
+        assert isinstance(result_username, ColumnElement)
+        assert isinstance(result_email, ColumnElement)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_params_integrates_with_get_multi(
+        self, db_session: AsyncSession
+    ):
+        """order_params output is accepted by get_multi(order_by=...)."""
+        UserOrderCrud = CrudFactory(User, order_fields=[User.username])
+        await UserCrud.create(
+            db_session, UserCreate(username="charlie", email="c@test.com")
+        )
+        await UserCrud.create(
+            db_session, UserCreate(username="alice", email="a@test.com")
+        )
+
+        dep = UserOrderCrud.order_params()
+        order_by = await dep(order_by="username", order="asc")
+        results = await UserOrderCrud.get_multi(db_session, order_by=order_by)
+
+        assert results[0].username == "alice"
+        assert results[1].username == "charlie"

tests/test_db.py

@@ -4,18 +4,25 @@ import asyncio
 import uuid
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import text
+from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.db import (
     LockMode,
+    cleanup_tables,
+    create_database,
     create_db_context,
     create_db_dependency,
     get_transaction,
     lock_tables,
     wait_for_row_change,
 )
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import NotFoundError
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_db_session
 
-from .conftest import DATABASE_URL, Base, Role, RoleCrud, User
+from .conftest import DATABASE_URL, Base, Role, RoleCrud, User, UserCrud
 
 
 class TestCreateDbDependency:
@@ -307,9 +314,9 @@ class TestWaitForRowChange:
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
     async def test_nonexistent_row_raises(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Raises LookupError when the row does not exist."""
+        """Raises NotFoundError when the row does not exist."""
         fake_id = uuid.uuid4()
-        with pytest.raises(LookupError, match="not found"):
+        with pytest.raises(NotFoundError, match="not found"):
             await wait_for_row_change(db_session, Role, fake_id, interval=0.05)
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
@@ -326,7 +333,7 @@ class TestWaitForRowChange:
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
     async def test_deleted_row_raises(self, db_session: AsyncSession, engine):
-        """Raises LookupError when the row is deleted during polling."""
+        """Raises NotFoundError when the row is deleted during polling."""
         role = Role(name="delete_role")
         db_session.add(role)
         await db_session.commit()
@@ -340,6 +347,86 @@ class TestWaitForRowChange:
                 await other.commit()
 
         delete_task = asyncio.create_task(delete_later())
-        with pytest.raises(LookupError):
+        with pytest.raises(NotFoundError):
             await wait_for_row_change(db_session, Role, role.id, interval=0.05)
         await delete_task
+
+
+class TestCreateDatabase:
+    """Tests for create_database."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_creates_database(self):
+        """Database is created by create_database."""
+        target_url = (
+            make_url(DATABASE_URL)
+            .set(database="test_create_db_general")
+            .render_as_string(hide_password=False)
+        )
+        expected_db: str = make_url(target_url).database  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
+        try:
+            async with engine.connect() as conn:
+                await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {expected_db}"))
+
+            await create_database(db_name=expected_db, server_url=DATABASE_URL)
+
+            async with engine.connect() as conn:
+                result = await conn.execute(
+                    text("SELECT 1 FROM pg_database WHERE datname = :name"),
+                    {"name": expected_db},
+                )
+                assert result.scalar() == 1
+
+            # Cleanup
+            async with engine.connect() as conn:
+                await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {expected_db}"))
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestCleanupTables:
+    """Tests for cleanup_tables helper."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_truncates_all_tables(self):
+        """All table rows are removed after cleanup_tables."""
+        async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as session:
+            role = Role(id=uuid.uuid4(), name="cleanup_role")
+            session.add(role)
+            await session.flush()
+
+            user = User(
+                id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                username="cleanup_user",
+                email="cleanup@test.com",
+                role_id=role.id,
+            )
+            session.add(user)
+            await session.commit()
+
+            # Verify rows exist
+            roles_count = await RoleCrud.count(session)
+            users_count = await UserCrud.count(session)
+            assert roles_count == 1
+            assert users_count == 1
+
+            await cleanup_tables(session, Base)
+
+            # Verify tables are empty
+            roles_count = await RoleCrud.count(session)
+            users_count = await UserCrud.count(session)
+            assert roles_count == 0
+            assert users_count == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_noop_for_empty_metadata(self):
+        """cleanup_tables does not raise when metadata has no tables."""
+
+        class EmptyBase(DeclarativeBase):
+            pass
+
+        async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as session:
+            # Should not raise
+            await cleanup_tables(session, EmptyBase)

tests/test_example_pagination_search.py

@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_asyn
 from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.db import get_db
 from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.models import Article, Base, Category
 from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.routes import router
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
 
 from .conftest import DATABASE_URL
 
 
 def build_app(session: AsyncSession) -> FastAPI:
     app = FastAPI()
+    init_exceptions_handlers(app)
 
     async def override_get_db():
         yield session
@@ -269,3 +271,125 @@ class TestCursorPagination:
         body = resp.json()
         assert len(body["data"]) == 1
         assert body["data"][0]["title"] == "SQLAlchemy async"
+
+
+class TestOffsetSorting:
+    """Tests for order_by / order query parameters on the offset endpoint."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_default_order_uses_created_at_asc(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """No order_by → default field (created_at) ASC."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["FastAPI tips", "SQLAlchemy async", "Draft notes"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_title_asc(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        """order_by=title&order=asc returns alphabetical order."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?order_by=title&order=asc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["Draft notes", "FastAPI tips", "SQLAlchemy async"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_title_desc(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        """order_by=title&order=desc returns reverse alphabetical order."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?order_by=title&order=desc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["SQLAlchemy async", "FastAPI tips", "Draft notes"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_created_at_desc(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        """order_by=created_at&order=desc returns newest-first."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?order_by=created_at&order=desc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["Draft notes", "SQLAlchemy async", "FastAPI tips"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_invalid_order_by_returns_422(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """Unknown order_by field returns 422 with SORT-422 error code."""
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?order_by=nonexistent_field")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 422
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["error_code"] == "SORT-422"
+        assert body["status"] == "FAIL"
+
+
+class TestCursorSorting:
+    """Tests for order_by / order query parameters on the cursor endpoint.
+
+    In cursor_paginate the cursor_column is always the primary sort; order_by
+    acts as a secondary tiebreaker. With the seeded articles (all having unique
+    created_at values) the overall ordering is always created_at ASC regardless
+    of the order_by value — only the valid/invalid field check and the response
+    shape are meaningful here.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_default_order_uses_created_at_asc(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """No order_by → default field (created_at) ASC."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["FastAPI tips", "SQLAlchemy async", "Draft notes"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_title_asc_accepted(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """order_by=title is a valid field — request succeeds and returns all articles."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor?order_by=title&order=asc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        assert len(resp.json()["data"]) == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_title_desc_accepted(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """order_by=title&order=desc is valid — request succeeds and returns all articles."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor?order_by=title&order=desc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        assert len(resp.json()["data"]) == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_invalid_order_by_returns_422(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """Unknown order_by field returns 422 with SORT-422 error code."""
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor?order_by=nonexistent_field")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 422
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["error_code"] == "SORT-422"
+        assert body["status"] == "FAIL"

tests/test_exceptions.py

@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@
 
 import pytest
 from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import (
     ApiException,
     ConflictError,
     ForbiddenError,
+    InvalidOrderFieldError,
     NotFoundError,
     UnauthorizedError,
     generate_error_responses,
@@ -35,8 +37,8 @@ class TestApiException:
         assert error.api_error.msg == "I'm a teapot"
         assert str(error) == "I'm a teapot"
 
-    def test_custom_detail_message(self):
-        """Custom detail overrides default message."""
+    def test_detail_overrides_msg_and_str(self):
+        """detail sets both str(exc) and api_error.msg; class-level msg is unchanged."""
 
         class CustomError(ApiException):
             api_error = ApiError(
@@ -46,8 +48,172 @@ class TestApiException:
                 err_code="BAD-400",
             )
 
-        error = CustomError("Custom message")
-        assert str(error) == "Custom message"
+        error = CustomError("Widget not found")
+        assert str(error) == "Widget not found"
+        assert error.api_error.msg == "Widget not found"
+        assert CustomError.api_error.msg == "Bad Request"  # class unchanged
+
+    def test_desc_override(self):
+        """desc kwarg overrides api_error.desc on the instance only."""
+
+        class MyError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        err = MyError(desc="Custom desc.")
+        assert err.api_error.desc == "Custom desc."
+        assert MyError.api_error.desc == "Default."  # class unchanged
+
+    def test_data_override(self):
+        """data kwarg sets api_error.data on the instance only."""
+
+        class MyError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        err = MyError(data={"key": "value"})
+        assert err.api_error.data == {"key": "value"}
+        assert MyError.api_error.data is None  # class unchanged
+
+    def test_desc_and_data_override(self):
+        """detail, desc and data can all be overridden together."""
+
+        class MyError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        err = MyError("custom msg", desc="New desc.", data={"x": 1})
+        assert str(err) == "custom msg"
+        assert err.api_error.msg == "custom msg"  # detail also updates msg
+        assert err.api_error.desc == "New desc."
+        assert err.api_error.data == {"x": 1}
+        assert err.api_error.code == 400  # other fields unchanged
+
+    def test_class_api_error_not_mutated_after_instance_override(self):
+        """Raising with desc/data does not mutate the class-level api_error."""
+
+        class MyError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        MyError(desc="Changed", data={"x": 1})
+        assert MyError.api_error.desc == "Default."
+        assert MyError.api_error.data is None
+
+    def test_subclass_uses_super_with_desc_and_data(self):
+        """Subclasses can delegate detail/desc/data to super().__init__()."""
+
+        class BuildValidationError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=422,
+                msg="Build Validation Error",
+                desc="The build configuration is invalid.",
+                err_code="BUILD-422",
+            )
+
+            def __init__(self, *errors: str) -> None:
+                super().__init__(
+                    f"{len(errors)} validation error(s)",
+                    desc=", ".join(errors),
+                    data={"errors": [{"message": e} for e in errors]},
+                )
+
+        err = BuildValidationError("Field A is required", "Field B is invalid")
+        assert str(err) == "2 validation error(s)"
+        assert err.api_error.msg == "2 validation error(s)"  # detail set msg
+        assert err.api_error.desc == "Field A is required, Field B is invalid"
+        assert err.api_error.data == {
+            "errors": [
+                {"message": "Field A is required"},
+                {"message": "Field B is invalid"},
+            ]
+        }
+        assert err.api_error.code == 422  # other fields unchanged
+
+    def test_detail_desc_data_in_http_response(self):
+        """detail/desc/data overrides all appear correctly in the FastAPI HTTP response."""
+
+        class DynamicError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+            def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+                super().__init__(
+                    message,
+                    desc=f"Detail: {message}",
+                    data={"reason": message},
+                )
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/error")
+        async def raise_error():
+            raise DynamicError("something went wrong")
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/error")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 400
+        body = response.json()
+        assert body["message"] == "something went wrong"
+        assert body["description"] == "Detail: something went wrong"
+        assert body["data"] == {"reason": "something went wrong"}
+
+
+class TestApiExceptionGuard:
+    """Tests for the __init_subclass__ api_error guard."""
+
+    def test_missing_api_error_raises_type_error(self):
+        """Defining a subclass without api_error raises TypeError at class creation time."""
+        with pytest.raises(
+            TypeError, match="must define an 'api_error' class attribute"
+        ):
+
+            class BrokenError(ApiException):
+                pass
+
+    def test_abstract_subclass_skips_guard(self):
+        """abstract=True allows intermediate base classes without api_error."""
+
+        class BaseGroupError(ApiException, abstract=True):
+            pass
+
+        # Concrete child must still define it
+        class ConcreteError(BaseGroupError):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Desc.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        err = ConcreteError()
+        assert err.api_error.code == 400
+
+    def test_abstract_child_still_requires_api_error_on_concrete(self):
+        """Concrete subclass of an abstract class must define api_error."""
+
+        class Base(ApiException, abstract=True):
+            pass
+
+        with pytest.raises(
+            TypeError, match="must define an 'api_error' class attribute"
+        ):
+
+            class Concrete(Base):
+                pass
+
+    def test_inherited_api_error_satisfies_guard(self):
+        """Subclass that inherits api_error from a parent does not need its own."""
+
+        class ConcreteError(NotFoundError):
+            pass
+
+        err = ConcreteError()
+        assert err.api_error.code == 404
 
 
 class TestBuiltInExceptions:
@@ -89,7 +255,7 @@ class TestGenerateErrorResponses:
         assert responses[404]["description"] == "Not Found"
 
     def test_generates_multiple_responses(self):
-        """Generates responses for multiple exceptions."""
+        """Generates responses for multiple exceptions with distinct status codes."""
         responses = generate_error_responses(
             UnauthorizedError,
             ForbiddenError,
@@ -100,15 +266,24 @@ class TestGenerateErrorResponses:
         assert 403 in responses
         assert 404 in responses
 
-    def test_response_has_example(self):
-        """Generated response includes example."""
+    def test_response_has_named_example(self):
+        """Generated response uses named examples keyed by err_code."""
         responses = generate_error_responses(NotFoundError)
-        example = responses[404]["content"]["application/json"]["example"]
+        examples = responses[404]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]
 
-        assert example["status"] == "FAIL"
-        assert example["error_code"] == "RES-404"
-        assert example["message"] == "Not Found"
-        assert example["data"] is None
+        assert "RES-404" in examples
+        value = examples["RES-404"]["value"]
+        assert value["status"] == "FAIL"
+        assert value["error_code"] == "RES-404"
+        assert value["message"] == "Not Found"
+        assert value["data"] is None
+
+    def test_response_example_has_summary(self):
+        """Each named example carries a summary equal to api_error.msg."""
+        responses = generate_error_responses(NotFoundError)
+        example = responses[404]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]["RES-404"]
+
+        assert example["summary"] == "Not Found"
 
     def test_response_example_with_data(self):
         """Generated response includes data when set on ApiError."""
@@ -123,9 +298,49 @@ class TestGenerateErrorResponses:
             )
 
         responses = generate_error_responses(ErrorWithData)
-        example = responses[400]["content"]["application/json"]["example"]
+        value = responses[400]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]["BAD-400"][
+            "value"
+        ]
 
-        assert example["data"] == {"details": "some context"}
+        assert value["data"] == {"details": "some context"}
+
+    def test_two_errors_same_code_both_present(self):
+        """Two exceptions with the same HTTP code produce two named examples."""
+
+        class BadRequestA(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Bad A", desc="Reason A.", err_code="ERR-A"
+            )
+
+        class BadRequestB(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Bad B", desc="Reason B.", err_code="ERR-B"
+            )
+
+        responses = generate_error_responses(BadRequestA, BadRequestB)
+
+        assert 400 in responses
+        examples = responses[400]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]
+        assert "ERR-A" in examples
+        assert "ERR-B" in examples
+        assert examples["ERR-A"]["value"]["message"] == "Bad A"
+        assert examples["ERR-B"]["value"]["message"] == "Bad B"
+
+    def test_two_errors_same_code_single_top_level_entry(self):
+        """Two exceptions with the same HTTP code produce exactly one top-level entry."""
+
+        class BadRequestA(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Bad A", desc="Reason A.", err_code="ERR-A"
+            )
+
+        class BadRequestB(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Bad B", desc="Reason B.", err_code="ERR-B"
+            )
+
+        responses = generate_error_responses(BadRequestA, BadRequestB)
+        assert len([k for k in responses if k == 400]) == 1
 
 
 class TestInitExceptionsHandlers:
@@ -249,13 +464,68 @@ class TestInitExceptionsHandlers:
         assert data["status"] == "FAIL"
         assert data["error_code"] == "SERVER-500"
 
-    def test_custom_openapi_schema(self):
-        """Customizes OpenAPI schema for 422 responses."""
+    def test_handles_http_exception(self):
+        """Handles starlette HTTPException with consistent ErrorResponse envelope."""
         app = FastAPI()
         init_exceptions_handlers(app)
 
+        @app.get("/protected")
+        async def protected():
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Forbidden")
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/protected")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 403
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["status"] == "FAIL"
+        assert data["error_code"] == "HTTP-403"
+        assert data["message"] == "Forbidden"
+
+    def test_handles_http_exception_404_from_route(self):
+        """HTTPException(404) raised inside a route uses the consistent ErrorResponse envelope."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+        async def get_item(item_id: int):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/items/99")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 404
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["status"] == "FAIL"
+        assert data["error_code"] == "HTTP-404"
+        assert data["message"] == "Item not found"
+
+    def test_handles_http_exception_forwards_headers(self):
+        """HTTPException with WWW-Authenticate header forwards it in the response."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/secure")
+        async def secure():
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=401,
+                detail="Not authenticated",
+                headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
+            )
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/secure")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+        assert response.headers.get("www-authenticate") == "Bearer"
+
+    def test_custom_openapi_schema(self):
+        """Customises OpenAPI schema for 422 responses using named examples."""
         from pydantic import BaseModel
 
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
         class Item(BaseModel):
             name: str
 
@@ -268,8 +538,128 @@ class TestInitExceptionsHandlers:
         post_op = openapi["paths"]["/items"]["post"]
         assert "422" in post_op["responses"]
         resp_422 = post_op["responses"]["422"]
-        example = resp_422["content"]["application/json"]["example"]
-        assert example["error_code"] == "VAL-422"
+        examples = resp_422["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]
+        assert "VAL-422" in examples
+        assert examples["VAL-422"]["value"]["error_code"] == "VAL-422"
+
+    def test_custom_openapi_preserves_app_metadata(self):
+        """_patched_openapi preserves custom FastAPI app-level metadata."""
+        app = FastAPI(
+            title="My API",
+            version="2.0.0",
+            description="Custom description",
+        )
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        schema = app.openapi()
+        assert schema["info"]["title"] == "My API"
+        assert schema["info"]["version"] == "2.0.0"
+
+    def test_handles_response_validation_error(self):
+        """Handles ResponseValidationError with a structured 422 response."""
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class CountResponse(BaseModel):
+            count: int
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/broken", response_model=CountResponse)
+        async def broken():
+            return {"count": "not-a-number"}  # triggers ResponseValidationError
+
+        client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+        response = client.get("/broken")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 422
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["status"] == "FAIL"
+        assert data["error_code"] == "VAL-422"
+        assert "errors" in data["data"]
+
+    def test_handles_validation_error_with_non_standard_loc(self):
+        """Validation error with empty loc tuple maps the field to 'root'."""
+        from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/root-error")
+        async def root_error():
+            raise RequestValidationError(
+                [
+                    {
+                        "type": "custom",
+                        "loc": (),
+                        "msg": "root level error",
+                        "input": None,
+                        "url": "",
+                    }
+                ]
+            )
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/root-error")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 422
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["data"]["errors"][0]["field"] == "root"
+
+    def test_openapi_schema_cached_after_first_call(self):
+        """app.openapi() returns the cached schema on subsequent calls."""
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+
+        @app.post("/items")
+        async def create_item(item: Item):
+            return item
+
+        schema_first = app.openapi()
+        schema_second = app.openapi()
+        assert schema_first is schema_second
+
+    def test_openapi_skips_operations_without_422(self):
+        """_patched_openapi leaves operations that have no 422 response unchanged."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/ping")
+        async def ping():
+            return {"ok": True}
+
+        schema = app.openapi()
+        get_op = schema["paths"]["/ping"]["get"]
+        assert "422" not in get_op["responses"]
+        assert "200" in get_op["responses"]
+
+    def test_openapi_skips_non_dict_path_item_values(self):
+        """_patched_openapi ignores non-dict values in path items (e.g. path-level parameters)."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.handler import _patched_openapi
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        def fake_openapi() -> dict:
+            return {
+                "paths": {
+                    "/items": {
+                        "parameters": [
+                            {"name": "q", "in": "query"}
+                        ],  # list, not a dict
+                        "get": {"responses": {"200": {"description": "OK"}}},
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+        schema = _patched_openapi(app, fake_openapi)
+        # The list value was skipped without error; the GET operation is intact
+        assert schema["paths"]["/items"]["parameters"] == [{"name": "q", "in": "query"}]
+        assert "422" not in schema["paths"]["/items"]["get"]["responses"]
 
 
 class TestExceptionIntegration:
@@ -334,3 +724,43 @@ class TestExceptionIntegration:
 
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert response.json() == {"id": 1}
+
+
+class TestInvalidOrderFieldError:
+    """Tests for InvalidOrderFieldError exception."""
+
+    def test_api_error_attributes(self):
+        """InvalidOrderFieldError has correct api_error metadata."""
+        assert InvalidOrderFieldError.api_error.code == 422
+        assert InvalidOrderFieldError.api_error.err_code == "SORT-422"
+        assert InvalidOrderFieldError.api_error.msg == "Invalid Order Field"
+
+    def test_stores_field_and_valid_fields(self):
+        """InvalidOrderFieldError stores field and valid_fields on the instance."""
+        error = InvalidOrderFieldError("unknown", ["name", "created_at"])
+        assert error.field == "unknown"
+        assert error.valid_fields == ["name", "created_at"]
+
+    def test_description_contains_field_and_valid_fields(self):
+        """api_error.desc mentions the bad field and valid options."""
+        error = InvalidOrderFieldError("bad_field", ["name", "email"])
+        assert "bad_field" in error.api_error.desc
+        assert "name" in error.api_error.desc
+        assert "email" in error.api_error.desc
+
+    def test_handled_as_422_by_exception_handler(self):
+        """init_exceptions_handlers turns InvalidOrderFieldError into a 422 response."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/items")
+        async def list_items():
+            raise InvalidOrderFieldError("bad", ["name"])
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/items")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 422
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["error_code"] == "SORT-422"
+        assert data["status"] == "FAIL"

tests/test_fixtures.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import (
     load_fixtures_by_context,
 )
 
-from .conftest import Role, User
+from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.utils import _get_primary_key
+
+from .conftest import IntRole, Permission, Role, User
 
 
 class TestContext:
@@ -597,6 +599,46 @@ class TestLoadFixtures:
         count = await RoleCrud.count(db_session)
         assert count == 2
 
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_skip_existing_skips_if_record_exists(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """SKIP_EXISTING returns empty loaded list when the record already exists."""
+        registry = FixtureRegistry()
+        role_id = uuid.uuid4()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def roles():
+            return [Role(id=role_id, name="admin")]
+
+        # First load — inserts the record.
+        result1 = await load_fixtures(
+            db_session, registry, "roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+        )
+        assert len(result1["roles"]) == 1
+
+        # Remove from identity map so session.get() queries the DB in the second load.
+        db_session.expunge_all()
+
+        # Second load — record exists in DB, nothing should be added.
+        result2 = await load_fixtures(
+            db_session, registry, "roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+        )
+        assert result2["roles"] == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_skip_existing_null_pk_inserts(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """SKIP_EXISTING inserts when the instance has no PK set (auto-increment)."""
+        registry = FixtureRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def int_roles():
+            # No id provided — PK is None before INSERT (autoincrement).
+            return [IntRole(name="member")]
+
+        result = await load_fixtures(
+            db_session, registry, "int_roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+        )
+        assert len(result["int_roles"]) == 1
+
 
 class TestLoadFixturesByContext:
     """Tests for load_fixtures_by_context function."""
@@ -755,3 +797,19 @@ class TestGetObjByAttr:
         """Raises StopIteration when value type doesn't match."""
         with pytest.raises(StopIteration):
             get_obj_by_attr(self.roles, "id", "not-a-uuid")
+
+
+class TestGetPrimaryKey:
+    """Unit tests for the _get_primary_key helper (composite PK paths)."""
+
+    def test_composite_pk_all_set(self):
+        """Returns a tuple when all composite PK values are set."""
+        instance = Permission(subject="post", action="read")
+        pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
+        assert pk == ("post", "read")
+
+    def test_composite_pk_partial_none(self):
+        """Returns None when any composite PK value is None."""
+        instance = Permission(subject="post")  # action is None
+        pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
+        assert pk is None

tests/test_metrics.py

@@ -159,6 +159,42 @@ class TestMetricsRegistry:
         assert registry.get_all()[0].func is second
 
 
+class TestGet:
+    """Tests for MetricsRegistry.get method."""
+
+    def test_get_returns_instance_after_init(self):
+        """get() returns the metric instance stored by init_metrics."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def my_gauge():
+            return Gauge("get_test_gauge", "A test gauge")
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        instance = registry.get("my_gauge")
+        assert isinstance(instance, Gauge)
+
+    def test_get_raises_for_registered_but_not_initialized(self):
+        """get() raises KeyError with an informative message when init_metrics was not called."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def my_counter():
+            return Counter("get_uninit_counter", "A counter")
+
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="not been initialized yet"):
+            registry.get("my_counter")
+
+    def test_get_raises_for_unknown_name(self):
+        """get() raises KeyError when the metric name is not registered at all."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="Unknown metric"):
+            registry.get("nonexistent")
+
+
 class TestIncludeRegistry:
     """Tests for MetricsRegistry.include_registry method."""
 

tests/test_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+"""Tests for fastapi_toolsets.models mixins."""
+
+import uuid
+
+import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import String
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import (
+    CreatedAtMixin,
+    TimestampMixin,
+    UUIDMixin,
+    UpdatedAtMixin,
+)
+
+from .conftest import DATABASE_URL
+
+
+class MixinBase(DeclarativeBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class UUIDModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_uuid_models"
+
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+class UpdatedAtModel(MixinBase, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_updated_at_models"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+class CreatedAtModel(MixinBase, CreatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_created_at_models"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+class TimestampModel(MixinBase, TimestampMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_timestamp_models"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+class FullMixinModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_full_models"
+
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+async def mixin_session():
+    engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, echo=False)
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(MixinBase.metadata.create_all)
+
+    session_factory = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    session = session_factory()
+
+    try:
+        yield session
+    finally:
+        await session.close()
+        async with engine.begin() as conn:
+            await conn.run_sync(MixinBase.metadata.drop_all)
+        await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestUUIDMixin:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid_generated_by_db(self, mixin_session):
+        """UUID is generated server-side and populated after flush."""
+        obj = UUIDModel(name="test")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+
+        assert obj.id is not None
+        assert isinstance(obj.id, uuid.UUID)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid_is_primary_key(self):
+        """UUIDMixin adds id as primary key column."""
+        pk_cols = [c.name for c in UUIDModel.__table__.primary_key]
+        assert pk_cols == ["id"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_each_row_gets_unique_uuid(self, mixin_session):
+        """Each inserted row gets a distinct UUID."""
+        a = UUIDModel(name="a")
+        b = UUIDModel(name="b")
+        mixin_session.add_all([a, b])
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+
+        assert a.id != b.id
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid_server_default_set(self):
+        """Column has gen_random_uuid() as server default."""
+        col = UUIDModel.__table__.c["id"]
+        assert col.server_default is not None
+        assert "gen_random_uuid" in str(col.server_default.arg)
+
+
+class TestUpdatedAtMixin:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_set_on_insert(self, mixin_session):
+        """updated_at is populated after insert."""
+        obj = UpdatedAtModel(name="initial")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.updated_at is not None
+        assert obj.updated_at.tzinfo is not None  # timezone-aware
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_changes_on_update(self, mixin_session):
+        """updated_at is updated when the row is modified."""
+        obj = UpdatedAtModel(name="initial")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        original_ts = obj.updated_at
+
+        obj.name = "modified"
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.updated_at >= original_ts
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_column_is_not_nullable(self):
+        """updated_at column is non-nullable."""
+        col = UpdatedAtModel.__table__.c["updated_at"]
+        assert not col.nullable
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_has_server_default(self):
+        """updated_at column has a server-side default."""
+        col = UpdatedAtModel.__table__.c["updated_at"]
+        assert col.server_default is not None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_has_onupdate(self):
+        """updated_at column has an onupdate clause."""
+        col = UpdatedAtModel.__table__.c["updated_at"]
+        assert col.onupdate is not None
+
+
+class TestCreatedAtMixin:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_set_on_insert(self, mixin_session):
+        """created_at is populated after insert."""
+        obj = CreatedAtModel(name="new")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.created_at is not None
+        assert obj.created_at.tzinfo is not None  # timezone-aware
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_not_changed_on_update(self, mixin_session):
+        """created_at is not modified when the row is updated."""
+        obj = CreatedAtModel(name="original")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        original_ts = obj.created_at
+
+        obj.name = "updated"
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.created_at == original_ts
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_column_is_not_nullable(self):
+        """created_at column is non-nullable."""
+        col = CreatedAtModel.__table__.c["created_at"]
+        assert not col.nullable
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_has_no_onupdate(self):
+        """created_at column has no onupdate clause."""
+        col = CreatedAtModel.__table__.c["created_at"]
+        assert col.onupdate is None
+
+
+class TestTimestampMixin:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_both_columns_set_on_insert(self, mixin_session):
+        """created_at and updated_at are both populated after insert."""
+        obj = TimestampModel(name="new")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.created_at is not None
+        assert obj.updated_at is not None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_stable_updated_at_changes_on_update(self, mixin_session):
+        """On update: created_at stays the same, updated_at advances."""
+        obj = TimestampModel(name="original")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        original_created = obj.created_at
+        original_updated = obj.updated_at
+
+        obj.name = "modified"
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.created_at == original_created
+        assert obj.updated_at >= original_updated
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_timestamp_mixin_has_both_columns(self):
+        """TimestampModel exposes both created_at and updated_at columns."""
+        col_names = {c.name for c in TimestampModel.__table__.columns}
+        assert "created_at" in col_names
+        assert "updated_at" in col_names
+
+
+class TestFullMixinModel:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_combined_mixins_work_together(self, mixin_session):
+        """UUIDMixin and UpdatedAtMixin can be combined on the same model."""
+        obj = FullMixinModel(name="combined")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert isinstance(obj.id, uuid.UUID)
+        assert obj.updated_at is not None
+        assert obj.updated_at.tzinfo is not None

tests/test_pytest.py

@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@ from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import select, text
 from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, create_async_engine
-from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, selectinload
+from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import Context, FixtureRegistry
 from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import (
-    cleanup_tables,
     create_async_client,
     create_db_session,
     create_worker_database,
@@ -406,7 +405,6 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
         ) as url:
             assert make_url(url).database == expected_db
 
-            # Verify the database exists while inside the context
             engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
             async with engine.connect() as conn:
                 result = await conn.execute(
@@ -416,7 +414,6 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
                 assert result.scalar() == 1
             await engine.dispose()
 
-        # After context exit the database should be dropped
         engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             result = await conn.execute(
@@ -439,7 +436,6 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
         async with create_worker_database(DATABASE_URL) as url:
             assert make_url(url).database == expected_db
 
-            # Verify the database exists while inside the context
             engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
             async with engine.connect() as conn:
                 result = await conn.execute(
@@ -449,7 +445,6 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
                 assert result.scalar() == 1
             await engine.dispose()
 
-        # After context exit the database should be dropped
         engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             result = await conn.execute(
@@ -467,18 +462,15 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
             worker_database_url(DATABASE_URL, default_test_db="unused")
         ).database
 
-        # Pre-create the database to simulate a stale leftover
         engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {expected_db}"))
             await conn.execute(text(f"CREATE DATABASE {expected_db}"))
         await engine.dispose()
 
-        # Should succeed despite the database already existing
         async with create_worker_database(DATABASE_URL) as url:
             assert make_url(url).database == expected_db
 
-        # Verify cleanup after context exit
         engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             result = await conn.execute(
@@ -487,49 +479,3 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
             )
             assert result.scalar() is None
         await engine.dispose()
-
-
-class TestCleanupTables:
-    """Tests for cleanup_tables helper."""
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_truncates_all_tables(self):
-        """All table rows are removed after cleanup_tables."""
-        async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as session:
-            role = Role(id=uuid.uuid4(), name="cleanup_role")
-            session.add(role)
-            await session.flush()
-
-            user = User(
-                id=uuid.uuid4(),
-                username="cleanup_user",
-                email="cleanup@test.com",
-                role_id=role.id,
-            )
-            session.add(user)
-            await session.commit()
-
-            # Verify rows exist
-            roles_count = await RoleCrud.count(session)
-            users_count = await UserCrud.count(session)
-            assert roles_count == 1
-            assert users_count == 1
-
-            await cleanup_tables(session, Base)
-
-            # Verify tables are empty
-            roles_count = await RoleCrud.count(session)
-            users_count = await UserCrud.count(session)
-            assert roles_count == 0
-            assert users_count == 0
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_noop_for_empty_metadata(self):
-        """cleanup_tables does not raise when metadata has no tables."""
-
-        class EmptyBase(DeclarativeBase):
-            pass
-
-        async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as session:
-            # Should not raise
-            await cleanup_tables(session, EmptyBase)

tests/test_schemas.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
     ErrorResponse,
     OffsetPagination,
     PaginatedResponse,
-    Pagination,
     Response,
     ResponseStatus,
 )
@@ -199,20 +198,6 @@ class TestOffsetPagination:
         assert data["page"] == 2
         assert data["has_more"] is True
 
-    def test_pagination_alias_is_offset_pagination(self):
-        """Pagination is a backward-compatible alias for OffsetPagination."""
-        assert Pagination is OffsetPagination
-
-    def test_pagination_alias_constructs_offset_pagination(self):
-        """Code using Pagination(...) still works unchanged."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
-            total_count=10,
-            items_per_page=5,
-            page=2,
-            has_more=False,
-        )
-        assert isinstance(pagination, OffsetPagination)
-
 
 class TestCursorPagination:
     """Tests for CursorPagination schema."""
@@ -276,7 +261,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_create_paginated_response(self):
         """Create PaginatedResponse with data and pagination."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=30,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -294,7 +279,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_with_custom_message(self):
         """PaginatedResponse with custom message."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=5,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -310,7 +295,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_empty_data(self):
         """PaginatedResponse with empty data."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=0,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -332,7 +317,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
             id: int
             name: str
 
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=1,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -347,7 +332,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_serialization(self):
         """PaginatedResponse serializes correctly."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=100,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=5,
@@ -385,16 +370,6 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
         )
         assert isinstance(response.pagination, CursorPagination)
 
-    def test_pagination_alias_accepted(self):
-        """Constructing PaginatedResponse with Pagination (alias) still works."""
-        response = PaginatedResponse(
-            data=[],
-            pagination=Pagination(
-                total_count=0, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=False
-            ),
-        )
-        assert isinstance(response.pagination, OffsetPagination)
-
 
 class TestFromAttributes:
     """Tests for from_attributes config (ORM mode)."""

uv.lock

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastapi"
-version = "0.133.1"
+version = "0.135.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "annotated-doc" },
@@ -244,14 +244,14 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "typing-inspection" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/22/6f/0eafed8349eea1fa462238b54a624c8b408cd1ba2795c8e64aa6c34f8ab7/fastapi-0.133.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ed152a45912f102592976fde6cbce7dae1a8a1053da94202e51dd35d184fadd6", size = 378741, upload-time = "2026-02-25T18:18:17.398Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e7/7b/f8e0211e9380f7195ba3f3d40c292594fd81ba8ec4629e3854c353aaca45/fastapi-0.135.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d04115b508d936d254cea545b7312ecaa58a7b3a0f84952535b4c9afae7668cd", size = 394962, upload-time = "2026-03-01T18:18:29.369Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/c9/a175a7779f3599dfa4adfc97a6ce0e157237b3d7941538604aadaf97bfb6/fastapi-0.133.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:658f34ba334605b1617a65adf2ea6461901bdb9af3a3080d63ff791ecf7dc2e2", size = 109029, upload-time = "2026-02-25T18:18:18.578Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e4/72/42e900510195b23a56bde950d26a51f8b723846bfcaa0286e90287f0422b/fastapi-0.135.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:46e2fc5745924b7c840f71ddd277382af29ce1cdb7d5eab5bf697e3fb9999c9e", size = 116999, upload-time = "2026-03-01T18:18:30.831Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastapi-toolsets"
-version = "1.2.1"
+version = "2.1.0"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "asyncpg" },
@@ -1013,27 +1013,27 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.15.2"
+version = "0.15.4"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/06/04/eab13a954e763b0606f460443fcbf6bb5a0faf06890ea3754ff16523dce5/ruff-0.15.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:14b965afee0969e68bb871eba625343b8673375f457af4abe98553e8bbb98342", size = 4558148, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:20.271Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/da/31/d6e536cdebb6568ae75a7f00e4b4819ae0ad2640c3604c305a0428680b0c/ruff-0.15.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3412195319e42d634470cc97aa9803d07e9d5c9223b99bcb1518f0c725f26ae1", size = 4569550, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:14.959Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2f/70/3a4dc6d09b13cb3e695f28307e5d889b2e1a66b7af9c5e257e796695b0e6/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-linux_armv6l.whl", hash = "sha256:120691a6fdae2f16d65435648160f5b81a9625288f75544dc40637436b5d3c0d", size = 10430565, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:41.824Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/71/0b/bb8457b56185ece1305c666dc895832946d24055be90692381c31d57466d/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:a89056d831256099658b6bba4037ac6dd06f49d194199215befe2bb10457ea5e", size = 10820354, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:07.366Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2d/c1/e0532d7f9c9e0b14c46f61b14afd563298b8b83f337b6789ddd987e46121/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:e36dee3a64be0ebd23c86ffa3aa3fd3ac9a712ff295e192243f814a830b6bd87", size = 10170767, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:13.188Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/47/e8/da1aa341d3af017a21c7a62fb5ec31d4e7ad0a93ab80e3a508316efbcb23/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:a9fb47b6d9764677f8c0a193c0943ce9a05d6763523f132325af8a858eadc2b9", size = 10529591, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:02.547Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/74/184fbf38e9f3510231fbc5e437e808f0b48c42d1df9434b208821efcd8d6/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:f376990f9d0d6442ea9014b19621d8f2aaf2b8e39fdbfc79220b7f0c596c9b80", size = 10260771, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:36.938Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/05/ac/605c20b8e059a0bc4b42360414baa4892ff278cec1c91fff4be0dceedefd/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:2dcc987551952d73cbf5c88d9fdee815618d497e4df86cd4c4824cc59d5dd75f", size = 11045791, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:31.642Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fd/52/db6e419908f45a894924d410ac77d64bdd98ff86901d833364251bd08e22/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:42a47fd785cbe8c01b9ff45031af875d101b040ad8f4de7bbb716487c74c9a77", size = 11879271, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:29.305Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3e/d8/7992b18f2008bdc9231d0f10b16df7dda964dbf639e2b8b4c1b4e91b83af/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:cbe9f49354866e575b4c6943856989f966421870e85cd2ac94dccb0a9dcb2fea", size = 11303707, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:22.492Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/02/849b46184bcfdd4b64cde61752cc9a146c54759ed036edd11857e9b8443b/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:b7a672c82b5f9887576087d97be5ce439f04bbaf548ee987b92d3a7dede41d3a", size = 11149151, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:44.234Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/70/04/f5284e388bab60d1d3b99614a5a9aeb03e0f333847e2429bebd2aaa1feec/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.whl", hash = "sha256:72ecc64f46f7019e2bcc3cdc05d4a7da958b629a5ab7033195e11a438403d956", size = 11091132, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:24.691Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/ae/88d844a21110e14d92cf73d57363fab59b727ebeabe78009b9ccb23500af/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:8dcf243b15b561c655c1ef2f2b0050e5d50db37fe90115507f6ff37d865dc8b4", size = 10504717, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:26.75Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/64/27/867076a6ada7f2b9c8292884ab44d08fd2ba71bd2b5364d4136f3cd537e1/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:dab6941c862c05739774677c6273166d2510d254dac0695c0e3f5efa1b5585de", size = 10263122, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:10.036Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e7/ef/faf9321d550f8ebf0c6373696e70d1758e20ccdc3951ad7af00c0956be7c/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:1b9164f57fc36058e9a6806eb92af185b0697c9fe4c7c52caa431c6554521e5c", size = 10735295, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:39.227Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2f/55/e8089fec62e050ba84d71b70e7834b97709ca9b7aba10c1a0b196e493f97/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:80d24fcae24d42659db7e335b9e1531697a7102c19185b8dc4a028b952865fd8", size = 11241641, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:34.617Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/23/01/1c30526460f4d23222d0fabd5888868262fd0e2b71a00570ca26483cd993/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:fd5ff9e5f519a7e1bd99cbe8daa324010a74f5e2ebc97c6242c08f26f3714f6f", size = 10507885, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:15.635Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/10/3d18e3bbdf8fc50bbb4ac3cc45970aa5a9753c5cb51bf9ed9a3cd8b79fa3/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:d20014e3dfa400f3ff84830dfb5755ece2de45ab62ecea4af6b7262d0fb4f7c5", size = 11623725, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:04.947Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6d/78/097c0798b1dab9f8affe73da9642bb4500e098cb27fd8dc9724816ac747b/ruff-0.15.2-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:cabddc5822acdc8f7b5527b36ceac55cc51eec7b1946e60181de8fe83ca8876e", size = 10941649, upload-time = "2026-02-19T22:32:18.108Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f2/82/c11a03cfec3a4d26a0ea1e571f0f44be5993b923f905eeddfc397c13d360/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-linux_armv6l.whl", hash = "sha256:a1810931c41606c686bae8b5b9a8072adac2f611bb433c0ba476acba17a332e0", size = 10453333, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:20.093Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ce/5d/6a1f271f6e31dffb31855996493641edc3eef8077b883eaf007a2f1c2976/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:5a1632c66672b8b4d3e1d1782859e98d6e0b4e70829530666644286600a33992", size = 10853356, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:05.808Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b1/d8/0fab9f8842b83b1a9c2bf81b85063f65e93fb512e60effa95b0be49bfc54/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:a4386ba2cd6c0f4ff75252845906acc7c7c8e1ac567b7bc3d373686ac8c222ba", size = 10187434, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:03:54.656Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/85/cc/cc220fd9394eff5db8d94dec199eec56dd6c9f3651d8869d024867a91030/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:b2496488bdfd3732747558b6f95ae427ff066d1fcd054daf75f5a50674411e75", size = 10535456, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:03:52.738Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/0f/bced38fa5cf24373ec767713c8e4cadc90247f3863605fb030e597878661/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:3f1c4893841ff2d54cbda1b2860fa3260173df5ddd7b95d370186f8a5e66a4ac", size = 10287772, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:08.138Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2b/90/58a1802d84fed15f8f281925b21ab3cecd813bde52a8ca033a4de8ab0e7a/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:820b8766bd65503b6c30aaa6331e8ef3a6e564f7999c844e9a547c40179e440a", size = 11049051, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:03.53Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/ac/b7ad36703c35f3866584564dc15f12f91cb1a26a897dc2fd13d7cb3ae1af/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:c9fb74bab47139c1751f900f857fa503987253c3ef89129b24ed375e72873e85", size = 11890494, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:10.497Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/93/3d/3eb2f47a39a8b0da99faf9c54d3eb24720add1e886a5309d4d1be73a6380/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:f80c98765949c518142b3a50a5db89343aa90f2c2bf7799de9986498ae6176db", size = 11326221, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:12.84Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ff/90/bf134f4c1e5243e62690e09d63c55df948a74084c8ac3e48a88468314da6/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:451a2e224151729b3b6c9ffb36aed9091b2996fe4bdbd11f47e27d8f2e8888ec", size = 11168459, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:00.969Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b5/e5/a64d27688789b06b5d55162aafc32059bb8c989c61a5139a36e1368285eb/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-manylinux_2_31_riscv64.whl", hash = "sha256:a8f157f2e583c513c4f5f896163a93198297371f34c04220daf40d133fdd4f7f", size = 11104366, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:03:48.099Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f1/f6/32d1dcb66a2559763fc3027bdd65836cad9eb09d90f2ed6a63d8e9252b02/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:917cc68503357021f541e69b35361c99387cdbbf99bd0ea4aa6f28ca99ff5338", size = 10510887, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:03:45.771Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ff/92/22d1ced50971c5b6433aed166fcef8c9343f567a94cf2b9d9089f6aa80fe/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:e9737c8161da79fd7cfec19f1e35620375bd8b2a50c3e77fa3d2c16f574105cc", size = 10285939, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:22.42Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/f4/7c20aec3143837641a02509a4668fb146a642fd1211846634edc17eb5563/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:291258c917539e18f6ba40482fe31d6f5ac023994ee11d7bdafd716f2aab8a68", size = 10765471, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:03:58.924Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/09/6d2f7586f09a16120aebdff8f64d962d7c4348313c77ebb29c566cefc357/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:3f83c45911da6f2cd5936c436cf86b9f09f09165f033a99dcf7477e34041cbc3", size = 11263382, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:24.424Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1b/fa/2ef715a1cd329ef47c1a050e10dee91a9054b7ce2fcfdd6a06d139afb7ec/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:65594a2d557d4ee9f02834fcdf0a28daa8b3b9f6cb2cb93846025a36db47ef22", size = 10506664, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:03:50.56Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/a8/c688ef7e29983976820d18710f955751d9f4d4eb69df658af3d006e2ba3e/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:04196ad44f0df220c2ece5b0e959c2f37c777375ec744397d21d15b50a75264f", size = 11651048, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:04:17.191Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3e/0a/9e1be9035b37448ce2e68c978f0591da94389ade5a5abafa4cf99985d1b2/ruff-0.15.4-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:60d5177e8cfc70e51b9c5fad936c634872a74209f934c1e79107d11787ad5453", size = 10966776, upload-time = "2026-02-26T20:03:56.908Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1177,26 +1177,26 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ty"
-version = "0.0.18"
+version = "0.0.20"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/74/15/9682700d8d60fdca7afa4febc83a2354b29cdcd56e66e19c92b521db3b39/ty-0.0.18.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:04ab7c3db5dcbcdac6ce62e48940d3a0124f377c05499d3f3e004e264ae94b83", size = 5214774, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:31.173Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/56/95/8de69bb98417227b01f1b1d743c819d6456c9fd140255b6124b05b17dfd6/ty-0.0.20.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ebba6be7974c14efbb2a9adda6ac59848f880d7259f089dfa72a093039f1dcc6", size = 5262529, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:36.587Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/d8/920460d4c22ea68fcdeb0b2fb53ea2aeb9c6d7875bde9278d84f2ac767b6/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-linux_armv6l.whl", hash = "sha256:4e5e91b0a79857316ef893c5068afc4b9872f9d257627d9bc8ac4d2715750d88", size = 10280825, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:25.03Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/83/56/62587de582d3d20d78fcdddd0594a73822ac5a399a12ef512085eb7a4de6/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:ee0e578b3f8416e2d5416da9553b78fd33857868aa1384cb7fefeceee5ff102d", size = 10118324, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:22.27Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2f/2d/dbdace8d432a0755a7417f659bfd5b8a4261938ecbdfd7b42f4c454f5aa9/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:3f7a0487d36b939546a91d141f7fc3dbea32fab4982f618d5b04dc9d5b6da21e", size = 9605861, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:16.066Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6b/d9/de11c0280f778d5fc571393aada7fe9b8bc1dd6a738f2e2c45702b8b3150/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:d5e2fa8d45f57ca487a470e4bf66319c09b561150e98ae2a6b1a97ef04c1a4eb", size = 10092701, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:26.862Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0f/94/068d4d591d791041732171e7b63c37a54494b2e7d28e88d2167eaa9ad875/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:d75652e9e937f7044b1aca16091193e7ef11dac1c7ec952b7fb8292b7ba1f5f2", size = 10109203, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:11.59Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/34/e4/526a4aa56dc0ca2569aaa16880a1ab105c3b416dd70e87e25a05688999f3/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:563c868edceb8f6ddd5e91113c17d3676b028f0ed380bdb3829b06d9beb90e58", size = 10614200, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:20.298Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fd/3d/b68ab20a34122a395880922587fbfc3adf090d22e0fb546d4d20fe8c2621/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:502e2a1f948bec563a0454fc25b074bf5cf041744adba8794d024277e151d3b0", size = 11153232, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:14.121Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/68/ea/678243c042343fcda7e6af36036c18676c355878dcdcd517639586d2cf9e/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:cc881dea97021a3aa29134a476937fd8054775c4177d01b94db27fcfb7aab65b", size = 10832934, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:32.92Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/bd/7f8d647cef8b7b346c0163230a37e903c7461c7248574840b977045c77df/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:421fcc3bc64cab56f48edb863c7c1c43649ec4d78ff71a1acb5366ad723b6021", size = 10700888, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:09.673Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6e/06/cb3620dc48c5d335ba7876edfef636b2f4498eff4a262ff90033b9e88408/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:0fe5038a7136a0e638a2fb1ad06e3d3c4045314c6ba165c9c303b9aeb4623d6c", size = 10078965, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:07.678Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/27/c77a5a84533fa3b685d592de7b4b108eb1f38851c40fac4e79cc56ec7350/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:d123600a52372677613a719bbb780adeb9b68f47fb5f25acb09171de390e0035", size = 10134659, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:18.311Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/43/6e/60af6b88c73469e628ba5253a296da6984e0aa746206f3034c31f1a04ed1/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:bb4bc11d32a1bf96a829bf6b9696545a30a196ac77bbc07cc8d3dfee35e03723", size = 10297494, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:39.631Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/33/90/612dc0b68224c723faed6adac2bd3f930a750685db76dfe17e6b9e534a83/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:dda2efbf374ba4cd704053d04e32f2f784e85c2ddc2400006b0f96f5f7e4b667", size = 10791944, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:37.13Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0d/da/f4ada0fd08a9e4138fe3fd2bcd3797753593f423f19b1634a814b9b2a401/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:c5768607c94977dacddc2f459ace6a11a408a0f57888dd59abb62d28d4fee4f7", size = 9677964, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:42.039Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5e/fa/090ed9746e5c59fc26d8f5f96dc8441825171f1f47752f1778dad690b08b/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:b78d0fa1103d36fc2fce92f2092adace52a74654ab7884d54cdaec8eb5016a4d", size = 10636576, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:29.159Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/92/4f/5dd60904c8105cda4d0be34d3a446c180933c76b84ae0742e58f02133713/ty-0.0.18-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:01770c3c82137c6b216aa3251478f0b197e181054ee92243772de553d3586398", size = 10095449, upload-time = "2026-02-20T21:51:34.914Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0b/2c/718abe48393e521bf852cd6b0f984766869b09c258d6e38a118768a91731/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-linux_armv6l.whl", hash = "sha256:7cc12769c169c9709a829c2248ee2826b7aae82e92caeac813d856f07c021eae", size = 10333656, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:56.461Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/41/0e/eb1c4cc4a12862e2327b72657bcebb10b7d9f17046f1bdcd6457a0211615/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:3b777c1bf13bc0a95985ebb8a324b8668a4a9b2e514dde5ccf09e4d55d2ff232", size = 10168505, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:51.895Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/89/7f/10230798e673f0dd3094dfd16e43bfd90e9494e7af6e8e7db516fb431ddf/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:b2a4a7db48bf8cba30365001bc2cad7fd13c1a5aacdd704cc4b7925de8ca5eb3", size = 9678510, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:48.451Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7a/3d/59d9159577494edd1728f7db77b51bb07884bd21384f517963114e3ab5f6/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:6846427b8b353a43483e9c19936dc6a25612573b44c8f7d983dfa317e7f00d4c", size = 10162926, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:40.558Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9c/a8/b7273eec3e802f78eb913fbe0ce0c16ef263723173e06a5776a8359b2c66/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:245ceef5bd88df366869385cf96411cb14696334f8daa75597cf7e41c3012eb8", size = 10171702, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:44.069Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/32/5f1144f2f04a275109db06e3498450c4721554215b80ae73652ef412eeab/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:c4d21d1cdf67a444d3c37583c17291ddba9382a9871021f3f5d5735e09e85efe", size = 10682552, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:33.102Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6a/db/9f1f637310792f12bd6ed37d5fc8ab39ba1a9b0c6c55a33865e9f1cad840/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:bd4ffd907d1bd70e46af9e9a2f88622f215e1bf44658ea43b32c2c0b357299e4", size = 11242605, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:34.895Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1a/68/cc9cae2e732fcfd20ccdffc508407905a023fc8493b8771c392d915528dc/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:b6594b58d8b0e9d16a22b3045fc1305db4b132c8d70c17784ab8c7a7cc986807", size = 10974655, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:46.011Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1c/c1/b9e3e3f28fe63486331e653f6aeb4184af8b1fe80542fcf74d2dda40a93d/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:3662f890518ce6cf4d7568f57d03906912d2afbf948a01089a28e325b1ef198c", size = 10761325, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:26.818Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/39/9e/67db935bdedf219a00fb69ec5437ba24dab66e0f2e706dd54a4eca234b84/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:0e3ffbae58f9f0d17cdc4ac6d175ceae560b7ed7d54f9ddfb1c9f31054bcdc2c", size = 10145793, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:38.562Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c7/de/b0eb815d4dc5a819c7e4faddc2a79058611169f7eef07ccc006531ce228c/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:176e52bc8bb00b0e84efd34583962878a447a3a0e34ecc45fd7097a37554261b", size = 10189640, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:50.202Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b8/71/63734923965cbb70df1da3e93e4b8875434e326b89e9f850611122f279bf/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:b2bc73025418e976ca4143dde71fb9025a90754a08ac03e6aa9b80d4bed1294b", size = 10370568, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:42.295Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/a0/a532c2048533347dff48e9ca98bd86d2c224356e101688a8edaf8d6973fb/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:d52f7c9ec6e363e094b3c389c344d5a140401f14a77f0625e3f28c21918552f5", size = 10853999, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:58.963Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/48/88/36c652c658fe96658043e4abc8ea97801de6fb6e63ab50aaa82807bff1d8/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:c7d32bfe93f8fcaa52b6eef3f1b930fd7da410c2c94e96f7412c30cfbabf1d17", size = 9744206, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:54.183Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ff/a7/a4a13bed1d7fd9d97aaa3c5bb5e6d3e9a689e6984806cbca2ab4c9233cac/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:a5e10f40fc4a0a1cbcb740a4aad5c7ce35d79f030836ea3183b7a28f43170248", size = 10711999, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:29.212Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8d/7e/6bfd748a9f4ff9267ed3329b86a0f02cdf6ab49f87bc36c8a164852f99fc/ty-0.0.20-py3-none-win_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:53f7a5c12c960e71f160b734f328eff9a35d578af4b67a36b0bb5990ac5cdc27", size = 10150143, upload-time = "2026-03-02T15:51:31.283Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zensical"
-version = "0.0.23"
+version = "0.0.24"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "click" },
@@ -1274,18 +1274,18 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "pymdown-extensions" },
     { name = "pyyaml" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a3/ab/a65452b4e769552fd5a78c4996d6cf322630d896ddfd55c5433d96485e8b/zensical-0.0.23.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5c4fc3aaf075df99d8cf41b9f2566e4d588180d9a89493014d3607dfe50ac4bc", size = 3822451, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:38.373Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/96/9c6cbdd7b351d1023cdbbcf7872d4cb118b0334cfe5821b99e0dd18e3f00/zensical-0.0.24.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b5d99e225329bf4f98c8022bdf0a0ee9588c2fada7b4df1b7b896fcc62b37ec3", size = 3840688, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:44.557Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/66/86/035aa02bd36d26a03a1885bc22a73d4fe61ba0e21d0033cc42baf13d24f6/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:35d6d3eb803fe73a67187a1a25443408bd02a8dd50e151f4a4bafd40de3f0928", size = 12242966, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:05.894Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/be/68/335dfbb7efc972964f0610736a0ad243dd8a5dcc2ec76b9ddb84c847a4a4/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:5973267460a190f348f24d445ff0c01e8ed334fd075947687b305e68257f6b18", size = 12125173, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:08.507Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/25/9c/d567da04fbeb077df5cf06a94f947af829ebef0ff5ca7d0ba4910a6cbdf6/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:953adf1f0b346a6c65fc6e05e6cc1c38a6440fec29c50c76fb29700cc1927006", size = 12489636, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:10.91Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fe/6e/481a3ecf8a7b63a35c67f5be1ea548185d55bb1dacead54f76a9550197b2/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:49c1cbd6131dafa056be828e081759184f9b8dd24b99bf38d1e77c8c31b0c720", size = 12421313, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:13.9Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ba/aa/a95481547f708432636f5f8155917c90d877c244c62124a084f7448b60b2/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:f5b7fe22c5d33b2b91899c5df7631ad4ce9cccfabac2560cc92ba73eafe2d297", size = 12761031, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:17.016Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c1/9f/ce1c5af9afd11fe3521a90441aba48c484f98730c6d833d69ee4387ae2e9/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:9a3679d6bf6374f503afb74d9f6061da5de83c25922f618042b63a30b16f0389", size = 12527415, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:19.558Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/b8/13a5d4d99f3b77e7bf4e791ef991a611ca2f108ed7eddf20858544ab0a91/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:54d981e21a19c3dcec6e7fa77c4421db47389dfdff20d29fea70df8e1be4062e", size = 12665352, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:22.703Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ad/84/3d0a187ed941826ca26b19a661c41685d8017b2a019afa0d353eb2ebbdba/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:afde7865cc3c79c99f6df4a911d638fb2c3b472a1b81367d47163f8e3c36f910", size = 12689042, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:26.118Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f0/65/12466408f428f2cf7140b32d484753db0891debae3c956f4c076b51eeb17/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:c484674d7b0a3e6d39db83914db932249bccdef2efaf8a5669671c66c16f584d", size = 12834779, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:28.788Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a9/ab/0771ac6ffb30e4f04c20374e3beca9e71c3f81112219cdbd86cdc0e3d337/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:927d12fe2851f355fb3206809e04641d6651bdd2ff4afe9c205721aa3a32aa82", size = 12797057, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:31.383Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4b/ce/fbd45c00a1cba15508ea3c29b121b4be010254eb65c1512bf11f4478496c/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:ffb79db4244324e9cc063d16adff25a40b145153e5e76d75e0012ba3c05af25d", size = 11837823, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:33.869Z" },
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/37/82/0aebaa8e7d2e6314a85d9b7ff3f7fc74837a94086b56a9d5d8f2240e9b9c/zensical-0.0.23-cp310-abi3-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:a8cfe240dca75231e8e525985366d010d09ee73aec0937930e88f7230694ce01", size = 12036837, upload-time = "2026-02-11T21:24:36.163Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8e/aa/b8201af30e376a67566f044a1c56210edac5ae923fd986a836d2cf593c9c/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-macosx_10_12_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:d390c5453a5541ca35d4f9e1796df942b6612c546e3153dd928236d3b758409a", size = 12263407, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:14.716Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/78/8e/3d910214471ade604fd39b080db3696864acc23678b5b4b8475c7dbfd2ce/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:81ac072869cf4d280853765b2bfb688653da0dfb9408f3ab15aca96455ab8223", size = 12142610, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:17.546Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/cf/d7/eb0983640aa0419ddf670298cfbcf8b75629b6484925429b857851e00784/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:b5eb1dfa84cae8e960bfa2c6851d2bc8e9710c4c4c683bd3aaf23185f646ae46", size = 12508380, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:20.114Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a3/04/4405b9e6f937a75db19f0d875798a7eb70817d6a3bec2a2d289a2d5e8aea/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:57d7c9e589da99c1879a1c703e67c85eaa6be4661cdc6ce6534f7bb3575983f4", size = 12440807, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:22.679Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/12/dc/a7ca2a4224b3072a2c2998b6611ad7fd4f8f131ceae7aa23238d97d26e22/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:42fcc121c3095734b078a95a0dae4d4924fb8fbf16bf730456146ad6cab48ad0", size = 12782727, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:25.347Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/42/37/22f1727da356ed3fcbd31f68d4a477f15c232997c87e270cfffb927459ac/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:832d4a2a051b9f49561031a2986ace502326f82d9a401ddf125530d30025fdd4", size = 12547616, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:28.031Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/6d/ff/c75ff111b8e12157901d00752beef9d691dbb5a034b6a77359972262416a/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:e5fea3bb61238dba9f930f52669db67b0c26be98e1c8386a05eb2b1e3cb875dc", size = 12684883, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:30.642Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b9/92/4f6ea066382e3d068d3cadbed99e9a71af25e46c84a403e0f747960472a2/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:75eef0428eec2958590633fdc82dc2a58af124879e29573aa7e153b662978073", size = 12713825, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:33.273Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bc/fb/bf735b19bce0034b1f3b8e1c50b2896ebbd0c5d92d462777e759e78bb083/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:3c6b39659156394ff805b4831dac108c839483d9efa4c9b901eaa913efee1ac7", size = 12854318, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:35.632Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/28/0ddab6c1237e3625e7763ff666806f31e5760bb36d18624135a6bb6e8643/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:9eef82865a18b3ca4c3cd13e245dff09a865d1da3c861e2fc86eaa9253a90f02", size = 12818270, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:37.749Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2a/93/d2cef3705d4434896feadffb5b3e44744ef9f1204bc41202c1b84a4eeef6/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:f4d0ff47d505c786a26c9332317aa3e9ad58d1382f55212a10dc5bafcca97864", size = 11857695, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:39.906Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f1/26/9707587c0f6044dd1e1cc5bc3b9fa5fed81ce6c7bcdb09c21a9795e802d9/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:e00a62cf04526dbed665e989b8f448eb976247f077a76dfdd84699ace4aa3ac3", size = 12057762, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:42.627Z" },
 ]

zensical.toml

@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ md_in_html = {}
 "pymdownx.tasklist" = {custom_checkbox = true}
 "pymdownx.tilde" = {}
 
+[project.markdown_extensions.pymdownx.emoji]
+emoji_index = "zensical.extensions.emoji.twemoji"
+emoji_generator = "zensical.extensions.emoji.to_svg"
+
 [project.markdown_extensions."pymdownx.highlight"]
 anchor_linenums = true
 line_spans = "__span"
@@ -95,3 +99,49 @@ permalink = true
 [project.markdown_extensions."pymdownx.snippets"]
 base_path = ["."]
 check_paths = true
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Home = "index.md"
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Modules = [
+    {CLI = "module/cli.md"},
+    {CRUD = "module/crud.md"},
+    {Database = "module/db.md"},
+    {Dependencies = "module/dependencies.md"},
+    {Exceptions = "module/exceptions.md"},
+    {Fixtures = "module/fixtures.md"},
+    {Logger = "module/logger.md"},
+    {Metrics = "module/metrics.md"},
+    {Models = "module/models.md"},
+    {Pytest = "module/pytest.md"},
+    {Schemas = "module/schemas.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Reference = [
+    {CLI = "reference/cli.md"},
+    {CRUD = "reference/crud.md"},
+    {Database = "reference/db.md"},
+    {Dependencies = "reference/dependencies.md"},
+    {Exceptions = "reference/exceptions.md"},
+    {Fixtures = "reference/fixtures.md"},
+    {Logger = "reference/logger.md"},
+    {Metrics = "reference/metrics.md"},
+    {Models = "reference/models.md"},
+    {Pytest = "reference/pytest.md"},
+    {Schemas = "reference/schemas.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Examples = [
+    {"Pagination & Search" = "examples/pagination-search.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Migration = [
+    {"v2.0" = "migration/v2.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+"Changelog ↗" = "https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/releases"