Version 2.3.0

* feat: unified paginate() endpoint with typed pagination responses

* docs: unified paginate() endpoint

* fix: add tests

.github/workflows/build-release.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
         run: uv python install 3.14
 
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: uv sync
+        run: uv sync --group dev
 
       - name: Build
         run: uv build

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
         run: uv python install 3.13
 
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: uv sync --extra dev
+        run: uv sync --group dev
 
       - name: Run Ruff linter
         run: uv run ruff check .
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
         run: uv python install 3.13
 
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: uv sync --extra dev
+        run: uv sync --group dev
 
       - name: Run ty
         run: uv run ty check
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
         run: uv python install ${{ matrix.python-version }}
 
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: uv sync --extra dev
+        run: uv sync --group dev
 
       - name: Run tests with coverage
         env:

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: Documentation
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+
+jobs:
+  deploy:
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
+
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Install uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        run: uv python install 3.13
+
+      - run: uv sync --group dev
+
+      - run: uv run zensical build --clean
+
+      - uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: site
+
+      - uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4
+        id: deployment

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # FastAPI Toolsets
 
-FastAPI Toolsets provides production-ready utilities for FastAPI applications built with async SQLAlchemy and PostgreSQL. It includes generic CRUD operations, a fixture system with dependency resolution, a Django-like CLI, standardized API responses, and structured exception handling with automatic OpenAPI documentation.
+A modular collection of production-ready utilities for FastAPI. Install only what you need — from async CRUD and database helpers to CLI tooling, Prometheus metrics, and pytest fixtures. Each module is independently installable via optional extras, keeping your dependency footprint minimal.
 
 [![CI](https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets)
@@ -20,20 +20,43 @@ FastAPI Toolsets provides production-ready utilities for FastAPI applications bu
 
 ## Installation
 
+The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, model mixins, logging):
+
 ```bash
 uv add fastapi-toolsets
 ```
 
+Install only the extras you need:
+
+```bash
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"
+```
+
+Or install everything:
+
+```bash
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[all]"
+```
+
 ## Features
 
-- **CRUD**: Generic async CRUD operations with `CrudFactory`, built-in search with relationship traversal
+### Core
+
+- **CRUD**: Generic async CRUD operations with `CrudFactory`, built-in full-text/faceted search and Offset/Cursor pagination.
 - **Database**: Session management, transaction helpers, table locking, and polling-based row change detection
 - **Dependencies**: FastAPI dependency factories (`PathDependency`, `BodyDependency`) for automatic DB lookups from path or body parameters
 - **Fixtures**: Fixture system with dependency management, context support, and pytest integration
-- **CLI**: Django-like command-line interface with fixture management and custom commands support
+- **Model Mixins**: SQLAlchemy mixins for common column patterns (`UUIDMixin`, `UUIDv7Mixin`, `CreatedAtMixin`, `UpdatedAtMixin`, `TimestampMixin`)
-- **Standardized API Responses**: Consistent response format with `Response`, `PaginatedResponse`, and `PydanticBase`
+- **Standardized API Responses**: Consistent response format with `Response`, `ErrorResponse`, `PaginatedResponse`, `CursorPaginatedResponse` and `OffsetPaginatedResponse`.
 - **Exception Handling**: Structured error responses with automatic OpenAPI documentation
 - **Logging**: Logging configuration with uvicorn integration via `configure_logging` and `get_logger`
+
+### Optional
+
+- **CLI**: Django-like command-line interface with fixture management and custom commands support
+- **Metrics**: Prometheus metrics endpoint with provider/collector registry
 - **Pytest Helpers**: Async test client, database session management, `pytest-xdist` support, and table cleanup utilities
 
 ## License

docs/examples/pagination-search.md

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+# Pagination & search
+
+This example builds an articles listing endpoint that supports **offset pagination**, **cursor pagination**, **full-text search**, **faceted filtering**, and **sorting** — all from a single `CrudFactory` definition.
+
+## Models
+
+```python title="models.py"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/models.py"
+```
+
+## Schemas
+
+```python title="schemas.py"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/schemas.py"
+```
+
+## Crud
+
+Declare `searchable_fields`, `facet_fields`, and `order_fields` once on [`CrudFactory`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.CrudFactory). All endpoints built from this class share the same defaults and can override them per call.
+
+```python title="crud.py"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/crud.py"
+```
+
+## Session dependency
+
+```python title="db.py"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/db.py"
+```
+
+!!! info "Deploy a Postgres DB with docker"
+    ```bash
+    docker run -d --name postgres -e POSTGRES_USER=postgres -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres -e POSTGRES_DB=postgres -p 5432:5432 postgres:18-alpine
+    ```
+
+
+## App
+
+```python title="app.py"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/app.py"
+```
+
+
+## Routes
+
+```python title="routes.py:1:17"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py:1:17"
+```
+
+### Offset pagination
+
+Best for admin panels or any UI that needs a total item count and numbered pages.
+
+```python title="routes.py:20:40"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py:20:40"
+```
+
+**Example request**
+
+```
+GET /articles/offset?page=2&items_per_page=10&search=fastapi&status=published&order_by=title&order=asc
+```
+
+**Example response**
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "SUCCESS",
+  "pagination_type": "offset",
+  "data": [
+    { "id": "3f47ac69-...", "title": "FastAPI tips", "status": "published", ... }
+  ],
+  "pagination": {
+    "total_count": 42,
+    "page": 2,
+    "items_per_page": 10,
+    "has_more": true
+  },
+  "filter_attributes": {
+    "status": ["archived", "draft", "published"],
+    "name": ["backend", "frontend", "python"]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+`filter_attributes` always reflects the values visible **after** applying the active filters. Use it to populate filter dropdowns on the client.
+
+### Cursor pagination
+
+Best for feeds, infinite scroll, or any high-throughput API where offset performance degrades.
+
+```python title="routes.py:43:63"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py:43:63"
+```
+
+**Example request**
+
+```
+GET /articles/cursor?items_per_page=10&status=published&order_by=created_at&order=desc
+```
+
+**Example response**
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "SUCCESS",
+  "pagination_type": "cursor",
+  "data": [
+    { "id": "3f47ac69-...", "title": "FastAPI tips", "status": "published", ... }
+  ],
+  "pagination": {
+    "next_cursor": "eyJ2YWx1ZSI6ICIzZjQ3YWM2OS0uLi4ifQ==",
+    "prev_cursor": null,
+    "items_per_page": 10,
+    "has_more": true
+  },
+  "filter_attributes": {
+    "status": ["published"],
+    "name": ["backend", "python"]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Pass `next_cursor` as the `cursor` query parameter on the next request to advance to the next page.
+
+### Unified endpoint (both strategies)
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.3.0`"
+
+[`paginate()`](../module/crud.md#unified-paginate--both-strategies-on-one-endpoint) lets a single endpoint support both strategies via a `pagination_type` query parameter. The `pagination_type` field in the response acts as a discriminator for frontend tooling.
+
+```python title="routes.py:66:90"
+--8<-- "docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py:66:90"
+```
+
+**Offset request** (default)
+
+```
+GET /articles/?pagination_type=offset&page=1&items_per_page=10
+```
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "SUCCESS",
+  "pagination_type": "offset",
+  "data": ["..."],
+  "pagination": { "total_count": 42, "page": 1, "items_per_page": 10, "has_more": true }
+}
+```
+
+**Cursor request**
+
+```
+GET /articles/?pagination_type=cursor&items_per_page=10
+GET /articles/?pagination_type=cursor&items_per_page=10&cursor=eyJ2YWx1ZSI6...
+```
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "SUCCESS",
+  "pagination_type": "cursor",
+  "data": ["..."],
+  "pagination": { "next_cursor": "eyJ2YWx1ZSI6...", "prev_cursor": null, "items_per_page": 10, "has_more": true }
+}
+```
+
+## Search behaviour
+
+Both endpoints inherit the same `searchable_fields` declared on `ArticleCrud`:
+
+Search is **case-insensitive** and uses a `LIKE %query%` pattern. Pass a [`SearchConfig`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.search.SearchConfig) instead of a plain string to control case sensitivity or switch to `match_mode="all"` (AND across all fields instead of OR).
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import SearchConfig
+
+# Both title AND body must contain "fastapi"
+result = await ArticleCrud.offset_paginate(
+    session,
+    search=SearchConfig(query="fastapi", case_sensitive=True, match_mode="all"),
+    search_fields=[Article.title, Article.body],
+)
+```

docs/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# FastAPI Toolsets
+
+A modular collection of production-ready utilities for FastAPI. Install only what you need — from async CRUD and database helpers to CLI tooling, Prometheus metrics, and pytest fixtures. Each module is independently installable via optional extras, keeping your dependency footprint minimal.
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets)
+[![ty](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ty/main/assets/badge/v0.json)](https://github.com/astral-sh/ty)
+[![uv](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/uv/main/assets/badge/v0.json)](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv)
+[![Ruff](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/ruff/main/assets/badge/v2.json)](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff)
+[![Python 3.11+](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.11+-blue.svg)](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: [https://fastapi-toolsets.d3vyce.fr](https://fastapi-toolsets.d3vyce.fr)
+
+**Source Code**: [https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets](https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets)
+
+---
+
+## Installation
+
+The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, model mixins, logging):
+
+```bash
+uv add fastapi-toolsets
+```
+
+Install only the extras you need:
+
+```bash
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"
+```
+
+Or install everything:
+
+```bash
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[all]"
+```
+
+## Features
+
+### Core
+
+- **CRUD**: Generic async CRUD operations with `CrudFactory`, built-in full-text/faceted search and Offset/Cursor pagination.
+- **Database**: Session management, transaction helpers, table locking, and polling-based row change detection
+- **Dependencies**: FastAPI dependency factories (`PathDependency`, `BodyDependency`) for automatic DB lookups from path or body parameters
+- **Fixtures**: Fixture system with dependency management, context support, and pytest integration
+- **Model Mixins**: SQLAlchemy mixins for common column patterns (`UUIDMixin`, `UUIDv7Mixin`, `CreatedAtMixin`, `UpdatedAtMixin`, `TimestampMixin`)
+- **Standardized API Responses**: Consistent response format with `Response`, `ErrorResponse`, `PaginatedResponse`, `CursorPaginatedResponse` and `OffsetPaginatedResponse`.
+- **Exception Handling**: Structured error responses with automatic OpenAPI documentation
+- **Logging**: Logging configuration with uvicorn integration via `configure_logging` and `get_logger`
+
+### Optional
+
+- **CLI**: Django-like command-line interface with fixture management and custom commands support
+- **Metrics**: Prometheus metrics endpoint with provider/collector registry
+- **Pytest Helpers**: Async test client, database session management, `pytest-xdist` support, and table cleanup utilities
+
+## License
+
+MIT License - see [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details.
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit issues and pull requests.

docs/migration/v2.md

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# Migrating to v2.0
+
+This page covers every breaking change introduced in **v2.0** and the steps required to update your code.
+
+---
+
+## CRUD
+
+### `schema` is now required in `offset_paginate()` and `cursor_paginate()`
+
+Calls that omit `schema` will now raise a `TypeError` at runtime.
+
+Previously `schema` was optional; omitting it returned raw SQLAlchemy model instances inside the response. It is now a required keyword argument and the response always contains serialized schema instances.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    # schema omitted — returned raw model instances
+    result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, page=1)
+    result = await UserCrud.cursor_paginate(session=session, cursor=token)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, page=1, schema=UserRead)
+    result = await UserCrud.cursor_paginate(session=session, cursor=token, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+### `as_response` removed from `create()`, `get()`, and `update()`
+
+Passing `as_response` to these methods will raise a `TypeError` at runtime.
+
+The `as_response=True` shorthand is replaced by passing a `schema` directly. The return value is a `Response[schema]` when `schema` is provided, or the raw model instance when it is not.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    user = await UserCrud.create(session=session, obj=data, as_response=True)
+    user = await UserCrud.get(session=session, filters=filters, as_response=True)
+    user = await UserCrud.update(session=session, obj=data, filters, as_response=True)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    user = await UserCrud.create(session=session, obj=data, schema=UserRead)
+    user = await UserCrud.get(session=session, filters=filters, schema=UserRead)
+    user = await UserCrud.update(session=session, obj=data, filters, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+### `delete()`: `as_response` renamed and return type changed
+
+`as_response` is gone, and the plain (non-response) call no longer returns `True`.
+
+Two changes were made to `delete()`:
+
+1. The `as_response` parameter is renamed to `return_response`.
+2. When called without `return_response=True`, the method now returns `None` on success instead of `True`.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    ok = await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters)
+    if ok:  # True on success
+        ...
+
+    response = await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters, as_response=True)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters)  # returns None
+
+    response = await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters, return_response=True)
+    ```
+
+### `paginate()` alias removed
+
+Any call to `crud.paginate(...)` will raise `AttributeError` at runtime.
+
+The `paginate` shorthand was an alias for `offset_paginate`. It has been removed; call `offset_paginate` directly.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    result = await UserCrud.paginate(session=session, page=2, items_per_page=20, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, page=2, items_per_page=20, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+---
+
+## Exceptions
+
+### Missing `api_error` raises `TypeError` at class definition time
+
+Unfinished or stub exception subclasses that previously compiled fine will now fail on import.
+
+In `v1`, a subclass without `api_error` would only fail when the exception was raised. In `v2`, `__init_subclass__` validates this at class definition time.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    class MyError(ApiException):
+        pass  # fine until raised
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    class MyError(ApiException):
+        pass  # TypeError: MyError must define an 'api_error' class attribute.
+    ```
+
+For shared base classes that are not meant to be raised directly, use `abstract=True`:
+
+```python
+class BillingError(ApiException, abstract=True):
+    """Base for all billing-related errors — not raised directly."""
+
+class PaymentRequiredError(BillingError):
+    api_error = ApiError(code=402, msg="Payment Required", desc="...", err_code="BILLING-402")
+```
+
+---
+
+## Schemas
+
+### `Pagination` alias removed
+
+`Pagination` was already deprecated in `v1` and is fully removed in `v2`, you now need to use [`OffsetPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination) or [`CursorPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination).

docs/module/cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# CLI
+
+Typer-based command-line interface for managing your FastAPI application, with built-in fixture commands integration.
+
+## Installation
+
+=== "uv"
+    ``` bash
+    uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"
+    ```
+
+=== "pip"
+    ``` bash
+    pip install "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"
+    ```
+
+## Overview
+
+The `cli` module provides a `manager` entry point built with [Typer](https://typer.tiangolo.com/). It allow custom commands to be added in addition of the fixture commands when a [`FixtureRegistry`](../reference/fixtures.md#fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.registry.FixtureRegistry) and a database context are configured.
+
+## Configuration
+
+Configure the CLI in your `pyproject.toml`:
+
+```toml
+[tool.fastapi-toolsets]
+cli = "myapp.cli:cli"                   # Custom Typer app
+fixtures = "myapp.fixtures:registry"    # FixtureRegistry instance
+db_context = "myapp.db:db_context"      # Async context manager for sessions
+```
+
+All fields are optional. Without configuration, the `manager` command still works but no command are available.
+
+## Usage
+
+```bash
+# Manager commands
+manager --help
+
+ Usage: manager [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
+
+ FastAPI utilities CLI.
+
+╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│ --install-completion          Install completion for the current shell.          │
+│ --show-completion             Show completion for the current shell, to copy it  │
+│                               or customize the installation.                     │
+│ --help                        Show this message and exit.                        │
+╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+╭─ Commands ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│ check-db                                                                         │
+│ fixtures  Manage database fixtures.                                              │
+╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+
+# Fixtures commands
+manager fixtures --help
+
+ Usage: manager fixtures [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
+
+ Manage database fixtures.
+
+╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│ --help          Show this message and exit.                                      │
+╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+╭─ Commands ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│ list  List all registered fixtures.                                              │
+│ load  Load fixtures into the database.                                           │
+╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+```
+
+## Custom CLI
+
+You can extend the CLI by providing your own Typer app. The `manager` entry point will merge your app's commands with the built-in ones:
+
+```python
+# myapp/cli.py
+import typer
+
+cli = typer.Typer()
+
+@cli.command()
+def hello():
+    print("Hello from my app!")
+```
+
+```toml
+[tool.fastapi-toolsets]
+cli = "myapp.cli:cli"
+```
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/cli.md)

docs/module/crud.md

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+# CRUD
+
+Generic async CRUD operations for SQLAlchemy models with search, pagination, and many-to-many support.
+
+!!! info
+    This module has been coded and tested to be compatible with PostgreSQL only.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `crud` module provides [`AsyncCrud`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud), a base class with a full suite of async database operations, and [`CrudFactory`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.CrudFactory), a convenience function to instantiate it for a given model.
+
+## Creating a CRUD class
+
+### Factory style
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import CrudFactory
+from myapp.models import User
+
+UserCrud = CrudFactory(model=User)
+```
+
+[`CrudFactory`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.CrudFactory) dynamically creates a class named `AsyncUserCrud` with `User` as its model. This is the most concise option for straightforward CRUD with no custom logic.
+
+### Subclass style
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.3.0`"
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory import AsyncCrud
+from myapp.models import User
+
+class UserCrud(AsyncCrud[User]):
+    model = User
+    searchable_fields = [User.username, User.email]
+    default_load_options = [selectinload(User.role)]
+```
+
+Subclassing [`AsyncCrud`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud) directly is the preferred style when you need to add custom methods or when the configuration is complex enough to benefit from a named class body. 
+
+### Adding custom methods
+
+```python
+class UserCrud(AsyncCrud[User]):
+    model = User
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def get_active(cls, session: AsyncSession) -> list[User]:
+        return await cls.get_multi(session, filters=[User.is_active == True])
+```
+
+### Sharing a custom base across multiple models
+
+Define a generic base class with the shared methods, then subclass it for each model:
+
+```python
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory import AsyncCrud
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=DeclarativeBase)
+
+class AuditedCrud(AsyncCrud[T], Generic[T]):
+    """Base CRUD with custom function"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def get_active(cls, session: AsyncSession):
+        return await cls.get_multi(session, filters=[cls.model.is_active == True])
+
+
+class UserCrud(AuditedCrud[User]):
+    model = User
+    searchable_fields = [User.username, User.email]
+```
+
+You can also use the factory shorthand with the same base by passing `base_class`:
+
+```python
+UserCrud = CrudFactory(User, base_class=AuditedCrud)
+```
+
+## Basic operations
+
+!!! info "`get_or_none` added in `v2.2`"
+
+```python
+# Create
+user = await UserCrud.create(session=session, obj=UserCreateSchema(username="alice"))
+
+# Get one (raises NotFoundError if not found)
+user = await UserCrud.get(session=session, filters=[User.id == user_id])
+
+# Get one or None (never raises)
+user = await UserCrud.get_or_none(session=session, filters=[User.id == user_id])
+
+# Get first or None
+user = await UserCrud.first(session=session, filters=[User.email == email])
+
+# Get multiple
+users = await UserCrud.get_multi(session=session, filters=[User.is_active == True])
+
+# Update
+user = await UserCrud.update(session=session, obj=UserUpdateSchema(username="bob"), filters=[User.id == user_id])
+
+# Delete
+await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=[User.id == user_id])
+
+# Count / exists
+count = await UserCrud.count(session=session, filters=[User.is_active == True])
+exists = await UserCrud.exists(session=session, filters=[User.email == email])
+```
+
+## Fetching a single record
+
+Three methods fetch a single record — choose based on how you want to handle the "not found" case and whether you need strict uniqueness:
+
+| Method | Not found | Multiple results |
+|---|---|---|
+| `get` | raises `NotFoundError` | raises `MultipleResultsFound` |
+| `get_or_none` | returns `None` | raises `MultipleResultsFound` |
+| `first` | returns `None` | returns the first match silently |
+
+Use `get` when the record must exist (e.g. a detail endpoint that should return 404):
+
+```python
+user = await UserCrud.get(session=session, filters=[User.id == user_id])
+```
+
+Use `get_or_none` when the record may not exist but you still want strict uniqueness enforcement:
+
+```python
+user = await UserCrud.get_or_none(session=session, filters=[User.email == email])
+if user is None:
+    ...  # handle missing case without catching an exception
+```
+
+Use `first` when you only care about any one match and don't need uniqueness:
+
+```python
+user = await UserCrud.first(session=session, filters=[User.is_active == True])
+```
+
+## Pagination
+
+!!! info "Added in `v1.1` (only offset_pagination via `paginate` if `<v1.1`)"
+
+Three pagination methods are available.  All return a typed response whose `pagination_type` field tells clients which strategy was used.
+
+| | `offset_paginate` | `cursor_paginate` | `paginate` |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Return type | `OffsetPaginatedResponse` | `CursorPaginatedResponse` | either, based on `pagination_type` param |
+| Total count | Yes | No | / |
+| Jump to arbitrary page | Yes | No | / |
+| Performance on deep pages | Degrades | Constant | / |
+| Stable under concurrent inserts | No | Yes | / |
+| Use case | Admin panels, numbered pagination | Feeds, APIs, infinite scroll | single endpoint, both strategies |
+
+### Offset pagination
+
+```python
+@router.get("")
+async def get_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    items_per_page: int = 50,
+    page: int = 1,
+) -> OffsetPaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+        session=session,
+        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        page=page,
+        schema=UserRead,
+    )
+```
+
+The [`offset_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.offset_paginate) method returns an [`OffsetPaginatedResponse`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPaginatedResponse):
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "SUCCESS",
+  "pagination_type": "offset",
+  "data": ["..."],
+  "pagination": {
+    "total_count": 100,
+    "page": 1,
+    "items_per_page": 20,
+    "has_more": true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Cursor pagination
+
+```python
+@router.get("")
+async def list_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    cursor: str | None = None,
+    items_per_page: int = 20,
+) -> CursorPaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.cursor_paginate(
+        session=session,
+        cursor=cursor,
+        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        schema=UserRead,
+    )
+```
+
+The [`cursor_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.cursor_paginate) method returns a [`CursorPaginatedResponse`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPaginatedResponse):
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "SUCCESS",
+  "pagination_type": "cursor",
+  "data": ["..."],
+  "pagination": {
+    "next_cursor": "eyJ2YWx1ZSI6ICIzZjQ3YWM2OS0uLi4ifQ==",
+    "prev_cursor": null,
+    "items_per_page": 20,
+    "has_more": true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Pass `next_cursor` as the `cursor` query parameter on the next request to advance to the next page. `prev_cursor` is set on pages 2+ and points back to the first item of the current page. Both are `null` when there is no adjacent page.
+
+#### Choosing a cursor column
+
+The cursor column is set once on [`CrudFactory`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.CrudFactory) via the `cursor_column` parameter. It must be monotonically ordered for stable results:
+
+- Auto-increment integer PKs
+- UUID v7 PKs
+- Timestamps
+
+!!! warning
+    Random UUID v4 PKs are **not** suitable as cursor columns because their ordering is non-deterministic.
+
+!!! note
+    `cursor_column` is required. Calling [`cursor_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.cursor_paginate) on a CRUD class that has no `cursor_column` configured raises a `ValueError`.
+
+The cursor value is base64-encoded when returned to the client and decoded back to the correct Python type on the next request. The following SQLAlchemy column types are supported:
+
+| SQLAlchemy type | Python type |
+|---|---|
+| `Integer`, `BigInteger`, `SmallInteger` | `int` |
+| `Uuid` | `uuid.UUID` |
+| `DateTime` | `datetime.datetime` |
+| `Date` | `datetime.date` |
+| `Float`, `Numeric` | `decimal.Decimal` |
+
+```python
+# Paginate by the primary key
+PostCrud = CrudFactory(model=Post, cursor_column=Post.id)
+
+# Paginate by a timestamp column instead
+PostCrud = CrudFactory(model=Post, cursor_column=Post.created_at)
+```
+
+### Unified endpoint (both strategies)
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.3.0`"
+
+[`paginate()`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.paginate) dispatches to `offset_paginate` or `cursor_paginate` based on a `pagination_type` query parameter, letting you expose **one endpoint** that supports both strategies.  The `pagination_type` field in the response tells clients which strategy was used, enabling frontend discriminated-union typing.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import PaginationType
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    pagination_type: PaginationType = PaginationType.OFFSET,
+    page: int = Query(1, ge=1, description="Current page (offset only)"),
+    cursor: str | None = Query(None, description="Cursor token (cursor only)"),
+    items_per_page: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
+) -> PaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.paginate(
+        session,
+        pagination_type=pagination_type,
+        page=page,
+        cursor=cursor,
+        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        schema=UserRead,
+    )
+```
+
+```
+GET /users?pagination_type=offset&page=2&items_per_page=10
+GET /users?pagination_type=cursor&cursor=eyJ2YWx1ZSI6...&items_per_page=10
+```
+
+Both `page` and `cursor` are always accepted by the endpoint — unused parameters are silently ignored by `paginate()`.
+
+## Search
+
+Two search strategies are available, both compatible with [`offset_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.offset_paginate) and [`cursor_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.cursor_paginate).
+
+| | Full-text search | Faceted search |
+|---|---|---|
+| Input | Free-text string | Exact column values |
+| Relationship support | Yes | Yes |
+| Use case | Search bars | Filter dropdowns |
+
+!!! info "You can use both search strategies in the same endpoint!"
+
+### Full-text search
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.2.1`"
+    The model's primary key is always included in `searchable_fields` automatically, so searching by ID works out of the box without any configuration. When no `searchable_fields` are declared, only the primary key is searched.
+
+Declare `searchable_fields` on the CRUD class. Relationship traversal is supported via tuples:
+
+```python
+PostCrud = CrudFactory(
+    model=Post,
+    searchable_fields=[
+        Post.title,
+        Post.content,
+        (Post.author, User.username),  # search across relationship
+    ],
+)
+```
+
+You can override `searchable_fields` per call with `search_fields`:
+
+```python
+result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+    session=session,
+    search_fields=[User.country],
+)
+```
+
+This allows searching with both [`offset_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.offset_paginate) and [`cursor_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.cursor_paginate):
+
+```python
+@router.get("")
+async def get_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    items_per_page: int = 50,
+    page: int = 1,
+    search: str | None = None,
+) -> OffsetPaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+        session=session,
+        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        page=page,
+        search=search,
+        schema=UserRead,
+    )
+```
+
+```python
+@router.get("")
+async def get_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    cursor: str | None = None,
+    items_per_page: int = 50,
+    search: str | None = None,
+) -> CursorPaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.cursor_paginate(
+        session=session,
+        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        cursor=cursor,
+        search=search,
+        schema=UserRead,
+    )
+```
+
+### Faceted search
+
+!!! info "Added in `v1.2`"
+
+Declare `facet_fields` on the CRUD class to return distinct column values alongside paginated results. This is useful for populating filter dropdowns or building faceted search UIs.
+
+Facet fields use the same syntax as `searchable_fields` — direct columns or relationship tuples:
+
+```python
+UserCrud = CrudFactory(
+    model=User,
+    facet_fields=[
+        User.status,
+        User.country,
+        (User.role, Role.name),  # value from a related model
+    ],
+)
+```
+
+You can override `facet_fields` per call:
+
+```python
+result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+    session=session,
+    facet_fields=[User.country],
+)
+```
+
+The distinct values are returned in the `filter_attributes` field of [`PaginatedResponse`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PaginatedResponse):
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "SUCCESS",
+  "data": ["..."],
+  "pagination": { "..." },
+  "filter_attributes": {
+    "status": ["active", "inactive"],
+    "country": ["DE", "FR", "US"],
+    "name": ["admin", "editor", "viewer"]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Use `filter_by` to pass the client's chosen filter values directly — no need to build SQLAlchemy conditions by hand. Any unknown key raises [`InvalidFacetFilterError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidFacetFilterError).
+
+!!! info "The keys in `filter_by` are the same keys the client received in `filter_attributes`."
+    Keys are normally the terminal `column.key` (e.g. `"name"` for `Role.name`). When two facet fields share the same column key (e.g. `(Build.project, Project.name)` and `(Build.os, Os.name)`), the relationship name is prepended automatically: `"project__name"` and `"os__name"`.
+
+`filter_by` and `filters` can be combined — both are applied with AND logic.
+
+Use [`filter_params()`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.filter_params) to generate a dict with the facet filter values from the query parameters:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends
+
+UserCrud = CrudFactory(
+    model=User,
+    facet_fields=[User.status, User.country, (User.role, Role.name)],
+)
+
+@router.get("", response_model_exclude_none=True)
+async def list_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    page: int = 1,
+    filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(UserCrud.filter_params())],
+) -> OffsetPaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+        session=session,
+        page=page,
+        filter_by=filter_by,
+        schema=UserRead,
+    )
+```
+
+Both single-value and multi-value query parameters work:
+
+```
+GET /users?status=active              → filter_by={"status": ["active"]}
+GET /users?status=active&country=FR   → filter_by={"status": ["active"], "country": ["FR"]}
+GET /users?role=admin&role=editor     → filter_by={"role": ["admin", "editor"]}  (IN clause)
+```
+
+## Sorting
+
+!!! info "Added in `v1.3`"
+
+Declare `order_fields` on the CRUD class to expose client-driven column ordering via `order_by` and `order` query parameters.
+
+```python
+UserCrud = CrudFactory(
+    model=User,
+    order_fields=[
+        User.name,
+        User.created_at,
+    ],
+)
+```
+
+Call [`order_params()`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud.order_params) to generate a FastAPI dependency that maps the query parameters to an [`OrderByClause`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.OrderByClause) expression:
+
+```python
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import OrderByClause
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_users(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    order_by: Annotated[OrderByClause | None, Depends(UserCrud.order_params())],
+) -> OffsetPaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, order_by=order_by, schema=UserRead)
+```
+
+The dependency adds two query parameters to the endpoint:
+
+| Parameter  | Type            |
+| ---------- | --------------- |
+| `order_by` | `str | null`   |
+| `order`    | `asc` or `desc` |
+
+```
+GET /users?order_by=name&order=asc   → ORDER BY users.name ASC
+GET /users?order_by=name&order=desc  → ORDER BY users.name DESC
+```
+
+An unknown `order_by` value raises [`InvalidOrderFieldError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidOrderFieldError) (HTTP 422).
+
+You can also pass `order_fields` directly to `order_params()` to override the class-level defaults without modifying them:
+
+```python
+UserOrderParams = UserCrud.order_params(order_fields=[User.name])
+```
+
+## Relationship loading
+
+!!! info "Added in `v1.1`"
+
+By default, SQLAlchemy relationships are not loaded unless explicitly requested. Instead of using `lazy="selectin"` on model definitions (which is implicit and applies globally), define a `default_load_options` on the CRUD class to control loading strategy explicitly.
+
+!!! warning
+    Avoid using `lazy="selectin"` on model relationships. It fires silently on every query, cannot be disabled per-call, and can cause unexpected cascading loads through deep relationship chains. Use `default_load_options` instead.
+
+```python
+from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload
+
+ArticleCrud = CrudFactory(
+    model=Article,
+    default_load_options=[
+        selectinload(Article.category),
+        selectinload(Article.tags),
+    ],
+)
+```
+
+`default_load_options` applies automatically to all read operations (`get`, `first`, `get_multi`, `offset_paginate`, `cursor_paginate`). When `load_options` is passed at call-site, it **fully replaces** `default_load_options` for that query — giving you precise per-call control:
+
+```python
+# Only loads category, tags are not loaded
+article = await ArticleCrud.get(
+    session=session,
+    filters=[Article.id == article_id],
+    load_options=[selectinload(Article.category)],
+)
+
+# Loads nothing — useful for write-then-refresh flows or lightweight checks
+articles = await ArticleCrud.get_multi(session=session, load_options=[])
+```
+
+## Many-to-many relationships
+
+Use `m2m_fields` to map schema fields containing lists of IDs to SQLAlchemy relationships. The CRUD class resolves and validates all IDs before persisting:
+
+```python
+PostCrud = CrudFactory(
+    model=Post,
+    m2m_fields={"tag_ids": Post.tags},
+)
+
+post = await PostCrud.create(session=session, obj=PostCreateSchema(title="Hello", tag_ids=[1, 2, 3]))
+```
+
+## Upsert
+
+Atomic `INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE` using PostgreSQL:
+
+```python
+await UserCrud.upsert(
+    session=session,
+    obj=UserCreateSchema(email="alice@example.com", username="alice"),
+    index_elements=[User.email],
+    set_={"username"},
+)
+```
+
+## Response serialization
+
+!!! info "Added in `v1.1`"
+
+Pass a Pydantic schema class to `create`, `get`, `update`, or `offset_paginate` to serialize the result directly into that schema and wrap it in a [`Response[schema]`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.Response) or [`PaginatedResponse[schema]`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PaginatedResponse):
+
+```python
+class UserRead(PydanticBase):
+    id: UUID
+    username: str
+
+@router.get(
+    "/{uuid}",
+    responses=generate_error_responses(NotFoundError),
+)
+async def get_user(session: SessionDep, uuid: UUID) -> Response[UserRead]:
+    return await crud.UserCrud.get(
+        session=session,
+        filters=[User.id == uuid],
+        schema=UserRead,
+    )
+
+@router.get("")
+async def list_users(session: SessionDep, page: int = 1) -> OffsetPaginatedResponse[UserRead]:
+    return await crud.UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+        session=session,
+        page=page,
+        schema=UserRead,
+    )
+```
+
+The schema must have `from_attributes=True` (or inherit from [`PydanticBase`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PydanticBase)) so it can be built from SQLAlchemy model instances.
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/crud.md)

docs/module/db.md

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# DB
+
+SQLAlchemy async session management with transactions, table locking, and row-change polling.
+
+!!! info
+    This module has been coded and tested to be compatible with PostgreSQL only.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `db` module provides helpers to create FastAPI dependencies and context managers for `AsyncSession`, along with utilities for nested transactions, table lock and polling for row changes.
+
+## Session dependency
+
+Use [`create_db_dependency`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.create_db_dependency) to create a FastAPI dependency that yields a session and auto-commits on success:
+
+```python
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, async_sessionmaker
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import create_db_dependency
+
+engine = create_async_engine(url="postgresql+asyncpg://...", future=True)
+session_maker = async_sessionmaker(bind=engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+
+get_db = create_db_dependency(session_maker=session_maker)
+
+@router.get("/users")
+async def list_users(session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
+    ...
+```
+
+## Session context manager
+
+Use [`create_db_context`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.create_db_context) for sessions outside request handlers (e.g. background tasks, CLI commands):
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import create_db_context
+
+db_context = create_db_context(session_maker=session_maker)
+
+async def seed():
+    async with db_context() as session:
+        ...
+```
+
+## Nested transactions
+
+[`get_transaction`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.get_transaction) handles savepoints automatically, allowing safe nesting:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import get_transaction
+
+async def create_user_with_role(session=session):
+    async with get_transaction(session=session):
+        ...
+        async with get_transaction(session=session):  # uses savepoint
+            ...
+```
+
+## Table locking
+
+[`lock_tables`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.lock_tables) acquires PostgreSQL table-level locks before executing critical sections:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import lock_tables
+
+async with lock_tables(session=session, tables=[User], mode="EXCLUSIVE"):
+    # No other transaction can modify User until this block exits
+    ...
+```
+
+Available lock modes are defined in [`LockMode`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.LockMode): `ACCESS_SHARE`, `ROW_SHARE`, `ROW_EXCLUSIVE`, `SHARE_UPDATE_EXCLUSIVE`, `SHARE`, `SHARE_ROW_EXCLUSIVE`, `EXCLUSIVE`, `ACCESS_EXCLUSIVE`.
+
+## Row-change polling
+
+[`wait_for_row_change`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.wait_for_row_change) polls a row until a specific column changes value, useful for waiting on async side effects:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import wait_for_row_change
+
+# Wait up to 30s for order.status to change
+await wait_for_row_change(
+    session=session,
+    model=Order,
+    pk_value=order_id,
+    columns=[Order.status],
+    interval=1.0,
+    timeout=30.0,
+)
+```
+
+## Creating a database
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.1`"
+
+[`create_database`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.create_database) creates a database at a given URL. It connects to *server_url* and issues a `CREATE DATABASE` statement:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import create_database
+
+SERVER_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"
+
+await create_database(db_name="myapp_test", server_url=SERVER_URL)
+```
+
+For test isolation with automatic cleanup, use [`create_worker_database`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_worker_database) from the `pytest` module instead — it handles drop-before, create, and drop-after automatically.
+
+## Cleaning up tables
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.1`"
+
+[`cleanup_tables`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.cleanup_tables) truncates all tables:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import cleanup_tables
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+async def clean(db_session):
+    yield
+    await cleanup_tables(session=db_session, base=Base)
+```
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/db.md)

docs/module/dependencies.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Dependencies
+
+FastAPI dependency factories for automatic model resolution from path and body parameters.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `dependencies` module provides two factory functions that create FastAPI dependencies to fetch a model instance from the database automatically — either from a path parameter or from a request body field — and inject it directly into your route handler.
+
+## `PathDependency`
+
+[`PathDependency`](../reference/dependencies.md#fastapi_toolsets.dependencies.PathDependency) resolves a model from a URL path parameter and injects it into the route handler. Raises [`NotFoundError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.NotFoundError) automatically if the record does not exist.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.dependencies import PathDependency
+
+UserDep = PathDependency(model=User, field=User.id, session_dep=get_db)
+
+@router.get("/users/{user_id}")
+async def get_user(user: User = UserDep):
+    return user
+```
+
+By default the parameter name is inferred from the field (`user_id` for `User.id`). You can override it:
+
+```python
+UserDep = PathDependency(model=User, field=User.id, session_dep=get_db, param_name="id")
+
+@router.get("/users/{id}")
+async def get_user(user: User = UserDep):
+    return user
+```
+
+## `BodyDependency`
+
+[`BodyDependency`](../reference/dependencies.md#fastapi_toolsets.dependencies.BodyDependency) resolves a model from a field in the request body. Useful when a body contains a foreign key and you want the full object injected:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.dependencies import BodyDependency
+
+RoleDep = BodyDependency(model=Role, field=Role.id, session_dep=get_db, body_field="role_id")
+
+@router.post("/users")
+async def create_user(body: UserCreateSchema, role: Role = RoleDep):
+    user = User(username=body.username, role=role)
+    ...
+```
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/dependencies.md)

docs/module/exceptions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+# Exceptions
+
+Structured API exceptions with consistent error responses and automatic OpenAPI documentation.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `exceptions` module provides a set of pre-built HTTP exceptions and a FastAPI exception handler that formats all errors — including validation errors — into a uniform [`ErrorResponse`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.ErrorResponse).
+
+## Setup
+
+Register the exception handlers on your FastAPI app at startup:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
+
+app = FastAPI()
+init_exceptions_handlers(app=app)
+```
+
+This registers handlers for:
+
+- [`ApiException`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ApiException) — all custom exceptions below
+- `HTTPException` — Starlette/FastAPI HTTP errors
+- `RequestValidationError` — Pydantic request validation (422)
+- `ResponseValidationError` — Pydantic response validation (422)
+- `Exception` — unhandled errors (500)
+
+It also patches `app.openapi()` to replace the default Pydantic 422 schema with a structured example matching the `ErrorResponse` format.
+
+## Built-in exceptions
+
+| Exception | Status | Default message |
+|-----------|--------|-----------------|
+| [`UnauthorizedError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.UnauthorizedError) | 401 | Unauthorized |
+| [`ForbiddenError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ForbiddenError) | 403 | Forbidden |
+| [`NotFoundError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.NotFoundError) | 404 | Not Found |
+| [`ConflictError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ConflictError) | 409 | Conflict |
+| [`NoSearchableFieldsError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.NoSearchableFieldsError) | 400 | No Searchable Fields |
+| [`InvalidFacetFilterError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidFacetFilterError) | 400 | Invalid Facet Filter |
+| [`InvalidOrderFieldError`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidOrderFieldError) | 422 | Invalid Order Field |
+
+### Per-instance overrides
+
+All built-in exceptions accept optional keyword arguments to customise the response for a specific raise site without changing the class defaults:
+
+| Argument | Effect |
+|----------|--------|
+| `detail` | Overrides both `str(exc)` (log output) and the `message` field in the response body |
+| `desc` | Overrides the `description` field |
+| `data` | Overrides the `data` field |
+
+```python
+raise NotFoundError(detail="User 42 not found", desc="No user with that ID exists in the database.")
+```
+
+## Custom exceptions
+
+Subclass [`ApiException`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ApiException) and define an `api_error` class variable:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import ApiException
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import ApiError
+
+class PaymentRequiredError(ApiException):
+    api_error = ApiError(
+        code=402,
+        msg="Payment Required",
+        desc="Your subscription has expired.",
+        err_code="BILLING-402",
+    )
+```
+
+!!! warning
+    Subclasses that do not define `api_error` raise a `TypeError` at **class creation time**, not at raise time.
+
+### Custom `__init__`
+
+Override `__init__` to compute `detail`, `desc`, or `data` dynamically, then delegate to `super().__init__()`:
+
+```python
+class OrderValidationError(ApiException):
+    api_error = ApiError(
+        code=422,
+        msg="Order Validation Failed",
+        desc="One or more order fields are invalid.",
+        err_code="ORDER-422",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, *field_errors: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"{len(field_errors)} validation error(s)",
+            desc=", ".join(field_errors),
+            data={"errors": [{"message": e} for e in field_errors]},
+        )
+```
+
+### Intermediate base classes
+
+Use `abstract=True` when creating a shared base that is not meant to be raised directly:
+
+```python
+class BillingError(ApiException, abstract=True):
+    """Base for all billing-related errors."""
+
+class PaymentRequiredError(BillingError):
+    api_error = ApiError(code=402, msg="Payment Required", desc="...", err_code="BILLING-402")
+
+class SubscriptionExpiredError(BillingError):
+    api_error = ApiError(code=402, msg="Subscription Expired", desc="...", err_code="BILLING-402-EXP")
+```
+
+## OpenAPI response documentation
+
+Use [`generate_error_responses`](../reference/exceptions.md#fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.generate_error_responses) to add error schemas to your endpoint's OpenAPI spec:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import generate_error_responses, NotFoundError, ForbiddenError
+
+@router.get(
+    "/users/{id}",
+    responses=generate_error_responses(NotFoundError, ForbiddenError),
+)
+async def get_user(...): ...
+```
+
+Multiple exceptions sharing the same HTTP status code are grouped under one entry, each appearing as a named example keyed by its `err_code`. This keeps the OpenAPI UI readable when several error variants map to the same status.
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/exceptions.md)

docs/module/fixtures.md

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Fixtures
+
+Dependency-aware database seeding with context-based loading strategies.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `fixtures` module lets you define named fixtures with dependencies between them, then load them into the database in the correct order. Fixtures can be scoped to contexts (e.g. base data, testing data) so that only the relevant ones are loaded for each environment.
+
+## Defining fixtures
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import FixtureRegistry, Context
+
+fixtures = FixtureRegistry()
+
+@fixtures.register
+def roles():
+    return [
+        Role(id=1, name="admin"),
+        Role(id=2, name="user"),
+    ]
+
+@fixtures.register(depends_on=["roles"], contexts=[Context.TESTING])
+def test_users():
+    return [
+        User(id=1, username="alice", role_id=1),
+        User(id=2, username="bob", role_id=2),
+    ]
+```
+
+Dependencies declared via `depends_on` are resolved topologically — `roles` will always be loaded before `test_users`.
+
+## Loading fixtures
+
+By context with [`load_fixtures_by_context`](../reference/fixtures.md#fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.utils.load_fixtures_by_context):
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import load_fixtures_by_context
+
+async with db_context() as session:
+    await load_fixtures_by_context(session=session, registry=fixtures, context=Context.TESTING)
+```
+
+Directly with [`load_fixtures`](../reference/fixtures.md#fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.utils.load_fixtures):
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import load_fixtures
+
+async with db_context() as session:
+    await load_fixtures(session=session, registry=fixtures)
+```
+
+## Contexts
+
+[`Context`](../reference/fixtures.md#fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.enum.Context) is an enum with predefined values:
+
+| Context | Description |
+|---------|-------------|
+| `Context.BASE` | Core data required in all environments |
+| `Context.TESTING` | Data only loaded during tests |
+| `Context.PRODUCTION` | Data only loaded in production |
+
+A fixture with no `contexts` defined takes `Context.BASE` by default.
+
+## Load strategies
+
+[`LoadStrategy`](../reference/fixtures.md#fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.enum.LoadStrategy) controls how the fixture loader handles rows that already exist:
+
+| Strategy | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `LoadStrategy.INSERT` | Insert only, fail on duplicates |
+| `LoadStrategy.UPSERT` | Insert or update on conflict |
+| `LoadStrategy.SKIP` | Skip rows that already exist |
+
+## Merging registries
+
+Split fixtures definitions across modules and merge them:
+
+```python
+from myapp.fixtures.dev import dev_fixtures
+from myapp.fixtures.prod import prod_fixtures
+
+fixtures = fixturesRegistry()
+fixtures.include_registry(registry=dev_fixtures)
+fixtures.include_registry(registry=prod_fixtures)
+
+## Pytest integration
+
+Use [`register_fixtures`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.plugin.register_fixtures) to expose each fixture in your registry as an injectable pytest fixture named `fixture_{name}` by default:
+
+```python
+# conftest.py
+import pytest
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_db_session, register_fixtures
+from app.fixtures import registry
+from app.models import Base
+
+DATABASE_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db"
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def db_session():
+    async with create_db_session(database_url=DATABASE_URL, base=Base, cleanup=True) as session:
+        yield session
+
+register_fixtures(registry=registry, namespace=globals())
+```
+
+```python
+# test_users.py
+async def test_user_can_login(fixture_users: list[User], fixture_roles: list[Role]):
+    ...
+```
+
+
+The load order is resolved automatically from the `depends_on` declarations in your registry. Each generated fixture receives `db_session` as a dependency and returns the list of loaded model instances.
+
+## CLI integration
+
+Fixtures can be triggered from the CLI. See the [CLI module](cli.md) for setup instructions.
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/fixtures.md)

docs/module/logger.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Logger
+
+Lightweight logging utilities with consistent formatting and uvicorn integration.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `logger` module provides two helpers: one to configure the root logger (and uvicorn loggers) at startup, and one to retrieve a named logger anywhere in your codebase.
+
+## Setup
+
+Call [`configure_logging`](../reference/logger.md#fastapi_toolsets.logger.configure_logging) once at application startup:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.logger import configure_logging
+
+configure_logging(level="INFO")
+```
+
+This sets up a stdout handler with a consistent format and also configures uvicorn's access and error loggers so all log output shares the same style.
+
+## Getting a logger
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.logger import get_logger
+
+logger = get_logger(name=__name__)
+logger.info("User created")
+```
+
+When called without arguments, [`get_logger`](../reference/logger.md#fastapi_toolsets.logger.get_logger) auto-detects the caller's module name via frame inspection:
+
+```python
+# Equivalent to get_logger(name=__name__)
+logger = get_logger()
+```
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/logger.md)

docs/module/metrics.md

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# Metrics
+
+Prometheus metrics integration with a decorator-based registry and multi-process support.
+
+## Installation
+
+=== "uv"
+    ``` bash
+    uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"
+    ```
+
+=== "pip"
+    ``` bash
+    pip install "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"
+    ```
+
+## Overview
+
+The `metrics` module provides a [`MetricsRegistry`](../reference/metrics.md#fastapi_toolsets.metrics.registry.MetricsRegistry) to declare Prometheus metrics with decorators, and an [`init_metrics`](../reference/metrics.md#fastapi_toolsets.metrics.handler.init_metrics) function to mount a `/metrics` endpoint on your FastAPI app.
+
+## Setup
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi_toolsets.metrics import MetricsRegistry, init_metrics
+
+app = FastAPI()
+metrics = MetricsRegistry()
+
+init_metrics(app=app, registry=metrics)
+```
+
+This mounts the `/metrics` endpoint that Prometheus can scrape.
+
+## Declaring metrics
+
+### Providers
+
+Providers are called once at startup by `init_metrics`. The return value (the Prometheus metric object) is stored in the registry and can be retrieved later with [`registry.get(name)`](../reference/metrics.md#fastapi_toolsets.metrics.registry.MetricsRegistry.get).
+
+Use providers when you want **deferred initialization**: the Prometheus metric is not registered with the global `CollectorRegistry` until `init_metrics` runs, not at import time. This is particularly useful for testing — importing the module in a test suite without calling `init_metrics` leaves no metrics registered, avoiding cross-test pollution.
+
+It is also useful when metrics are defined across multiple modules and merged with `include_registry`: any code that needs a metric can call `metrics.get()` on the shared registry instead of importing the metric directly from its origin module.
+
+If neither of these applies to you, declaring metrics at module level (e.g. `HTTP_REQUESTS = Counter(...)`) is simpler and equally valid.
+
+```python
+from prometheus_client import Counter, Histogram
+
+@metrics.register
+def http_requests():
+    return Counter("http_requests_total", "Total HTTP requests", ["method", "status"])
+
+@metrics.register
+def request_duration():
+    return Histogram("request_duration_seconds", "Request duration")
+```
+
+To use a provider's metric elsewhere (e.g. in a middleware), call `metrics.get()` inside the handler — **not** at module level, as providers are only initialized when `init_metrics` runs:
+
+```python
+async def metrics_middleware(request: Request, call_next):
+    response = await call_next(request)
+    metrics.get("http_requests").labels(
+        method=request.method, status=response.status_code
+    ).inc()
+    return response
+```
+
+### Collectors
+
+Collectors are called on every scrape. Use them for metrics that reflect current state (e.g. gauges).
+
+!!! warning "Declare the metric at module level"
+    Do **not** instantiate the Prometheus metric inside the collector function. Doing so recreates it on every scrape, raising `ValueError: Duplicated timeseries in CollectorRegistry`. Declare it once at module level instead:
+
+```python
+from prometheus_client import Gauge
+
+_queue_depth = Gauge("queue_depth", "Current queue depth")
+
+@metrics.register(collect=True)
+def collect_queue_depth():
+    _queue_depth.set(get_current_queue_depth())
+```
+
+## Merging registries
+
+Split metrics definitions across modules and merge them:
+
+```python
+from myapp.metrics.http import http_metrics
+from myapp.metrics.db import db_metrics
+
+metrics = MetricsRegistry()
+metrics.include_registry(registry=http_metrics)
+metrics.include_registry(registry=db_metrics)
+```
+
+## Multi-process mode
+
+Multi-process support is enabled automatically when the `PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR` environment variable is set. No code changes are required.
+
+!!! warning "Environment variable name"
+    The correct variable is `PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR` (not `PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROCESS_DIR`).
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/metrics.md)

docs/module/models.md

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+# Models
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.0`"
+
+Reusable SQLAlchemy 2.0 mixins for common column patterns, designed to be composed freely on any `DeclarativeBase` model.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `models` module provides mixins that each add a single, well-defined column behaviour. They work with standard SQLAlchemy 2.0 declarative syntax and are fully compatible with `AsyncSession`.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin
+
+class Article(Base, UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "articles"
+
+    title: Mapped[str]
+    content: Mapped[str]
+```
+
+All timestamp columns are timezone-aware (`TIMESTAMPTZ`). All defaults are server-side (`clock_timestamp()`), so they are also applied when inserting rows via raw SQL outside the ORM.
+
+## Mixins
+
+### [`UUIDMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.UUIDMixin)
+
+Adds a `id: UUID` primary key generated server-side by PostgreSQL using `gen_random_uuid()`. The value is retrieved via `RETURNING` after insert, so it is available on the Python object immediately after `flush()`.
+
+!!! warning "Requires PostgreSQL 13+"
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin
+
+class User(Base, UUIDMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "users"
+
+    username: Mapped[str]
+
+# id is None before flush
+user = User(username="alice")
+session.add(user)
+await session.flush()
+print(user.id)  # UUID('...')
+```
+
+### [`UUIDv7Mixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.UUIDv7Mixin)
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.3`"
+
+Adds a `id: UUID` primary key generated server-side by PostgreSQL using `uuidv7()`. It's a time-ordered UUID format that encodes a millisecond-precision timestamp in the most significant bits, making it naturally sortable and index-friendly.
+
+!!! warning "Requires PostgreSQL 18+"
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDv7Mixin
+
+class Event(Base, UUIDv7Mixin):
+    __tablename__ = "events"
+
+    name: Mapped[str]
+
+# id is None before flush
+event = Event(name="user.signup")
+session.add(event)
+await session.flush()
+print(event.id)  # UUID('019...')
+```
+
+### [`CreatedAtMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.CreatedAtMixin)
+
+Adds a `created_at: datetime` column set to `clock_timestamp()` on insert. The column has no `onupdate` hook — it is intentionally immutable after the row is created.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, CreatedAtMixin
+
+class Order(Base, UUIDMixin, CreatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "orders"
+
+    total: Mapped[float]
+```
+
+### [`UpdatedAtMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.UpdatedAtMixin)
+
+Adds an `updated_at: datetime` column set to `clock_timestamp()` on insert and automatically updated to `clock_timestamp()` on every ORM-level update (via SQLAlchemy's `onupdate` hook).
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, UpdatedAtMixin
+
+class Post(Base, UUIDMixin, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "posts"
+
+    title: Mapped[str]
+
+post = Post(title="Hello")
+await session.flush()
+await session.refresh(post)
+
+post.title = "Hello World"
+await session.flush()
+await session.refresh(post)
+print(post.updated_at)
+```
+
+!!! note
+    `updated_at` is updated by SQLAlchemy at ORM flush time. If you update rows via raw SQL (e.g. `UPDATE posts SET ...`), the column will **not** be updated automatically — use a database trigger if you need that guarantee.
+
+### [`TimestampMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.TimestampMixin)
+
+Convenience mixin that combines [`CreatedAtMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.CreatedAtMixin) and [`UpdatedAtMixin`](../reference/models.md#fastapi_toolsets.models.UpdatedAtMixin). Equivalent to inheriting both.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin
+
+class Article(Base, UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "articles"
+
+    title: Mapped[str]
+```
+
+## Composing mixins
+
+All mixins can be combined in any order. The only constraint is that exactly one primary key must be defined — either via `UUIDMixin` or directly on the model.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin
+
+class Event(Base, UUIDMixin, TimestampMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "events"
+    name: Mapped[str]
+
+class Counter(Base, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "counters"
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    value: Mapped[int]
+```
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/models.md)

docs/module/pytest.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Pytest
+
+Testing helpers for FastAPI applications with async client, database sessions, and parallel worker support.
+
+## Installation
+
+=== "uv"
+    ``` bash
+    uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"
+    ```
+
+=== "pip"
+    ``` bash
+    pip install "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"
+    ```
+
+## Overview
+
+The `pytest` module provides utilities for setting up async test clients, managing test database sessions, and supporting parallel test execution with `pytest-xdist`.
+
+## Creating an async client
+
+Use [`create_async_client`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_async_client) to get an `httpx.AsyncClient` configured for your FastAPI app:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_async_client
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def http_client(db_session):
+    async def _override_get_db():
+        yield db_session
+
+    async with create_async_client(
+        app=app,
+        base_url="http://127.0.0.1/api/v1",
+        dependency_overrides={get_db: _override_get_db},
+    ) as c:
+        yield c
+```
+
+## Database sessions in tests
+
+Use [`create_db_session`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_db_session) to create an isolated `AsyncSession` for a test, combined with [`create_worker_database`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_worker_database) to set up a per-worker database:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_worker_database, create_db_session
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+async def worker_db_url():
+    async with create_worker_database(
+        database_url=str(settings.SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI)
+    ) as url:
+        yield url
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def db_session(worker_db_url):
+    async with create_db_session(
+        database_url=worker_db_url, base=Base, cleanup=True
+    ) as session:
+        yield session
+```
+
+!!! info
+    In this example, the database is reset between each test using the argument `cleanup=True`.
+
+Use [`worker_database_url`](../reference/pytest.md#fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.worker_database_url) to derive the per-worker URL manually if needed:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import worker_database_url
+
+url = worker_database_url("postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db", default_test_db="test")
+# e.g. "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db_gw0" under xdist
+```
+
+## Parallel testing with pytest-xdist
+
+The examples above are already compatible with parallel test execution with `pytest-xdist`.
+
+## Cleaning up tables
+
+!!! warning
+    Since `V2.1.0` `cleanup_tables` now live in `fastapi_toolsets.db`. For backward compatibility the function is still available in `fastapi_toolsets.pytest`, but this will be remove in `V3.0.0`.
+
+If you want to manually clean up a database you can use [`cleanup_tables`](../reference/db.md#fastapi_toolsets.db.cleanup_tables), this will truncate all tables between tests for fast isolation:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import cleanup_tables
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+async def clean(db_session):
+    yield
+    await cleanup_tables(session=db_session, base=Base)
+```
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/pytest.md)

docs/module/schemas.md

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# Schemas
+
+Standardized Pydantic response models for consistent API responses across your FastAPI application.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `schemas` module provides generic response wrappers that enforce a uniform response structure. All models use `from_attributes=True` for ORM compatibility and `validate_assignment=True` for runtime type safety.
+
+## Response models
+
+### [`Response[T]`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.Response)
+
+The most common wrapper for a single resource response.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
+
+@router.get("/users/{id}")
+async def get_user(user: User = UserDep) -> Response[UserSchema]:
+    return Response(data=user, message="User retrieved")
+```
+
+### Paginated response models
+
+Three classes wrap paginated list results. Pick the one that matches your endpoint's strategy:
+
+| Class | `pagination` type | `pagination_type` field | Use when |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| [`OffsetPaginatedResponse[T]`](#offsetpaginatedresponset) | `OffsetPagination` | `"offset"` (fixed) | endpoint always uses offset |
+| [`CursorPaginatedResponse[T]`](#cursorpaginatedresponset) | `CursorPagination` | `"cursor"` (fixed) | endpoint always uses cursor |
+| [`PaginatedResponse[T]`](#paginatedresponset) | `OffsetPagination \| CursorPagination` | — | unified endpoint supporting both strategies |
+
+#### [`OffsetPaginatedResponse[T]`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPaginatedResponse)
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.3.0`"
+
+Use as the return type when the endpoint always uses [`offset_paginate`](crud.md#offset-pagination).  The `pagination` field is guaranteed to be an [`OffsetPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination) object; the response always includes a `pagination_type: "offset"` discriminator.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPaginatedResponse
+
+@router.get("/users")
+async def list_users(
+    page: int = 1,
+    items_per_page: int = 20,
+) -> OffsetPaginatedResponse[UserSchema]:
+    return await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+        session, page=page, items_per_page=items_per_page, schema=UserSchema
+    )
+```
+
+**Response shape:**
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "SUCCESS",
+  "pagination_type": "offset",
+  "data": ["..."],
+  "pagination": {
+    "total_count": 100,
+    "page": 1,
+    "items_per_page": 20,
+    "has_more": true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### [`CursorPaginatedResponse[T]`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPaginatedResponse)
+
+!!! info "Added in `v2.3.0`"
+
+Use as the return type when the endpoint always uses [`cursor_paginate`](crud.md#cursor-pagination).  The `pagination` field is guaranteed to be a [`CursorPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination) object; the response always includes a `pagination_type: "cursor"` discriminator.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPaginatedResponse
+
+@router.get("/events")
+async def list_events(
+    cursor: str | None = None,
+    items_per_page: int = 20,
+) -> CursorPaginatedResponse[EventSchema]:
+    return await EventCrud.cursor_paginate(
+        session, cursor=cursor, items_per_page=items_per_page, schema=EventSchema
+    )
+```
+
+**Response shape:**
+
+```json
+{
+  "status": "SUCCESS",
+  "pagination_type": "cursor",
+  "data": ["..."],
+  "pagination": {
+    "next_cursor": "eyJpZCI6IDQyfQ==",
+    "prev_cursor": null,
+    "items_per_page": 20,
+    "has_more": true
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### [`PaginatedResponse[T]`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PaginatedResponse)
+
+Return type for endpoints that support **both** pagination strategies via a `pagination_type` query parameter (using [`paginate()`](crud.md#unified-paginate--both-strategies-on-one-endpoint)).
+
+When used as a return annotation, `PaginatedResponse[T]` automatically expands to `Annotated[Union[CursorPaginatedResponse[T], OffsetPaginatedResponse[T]], Field(discriminator="pagination_type")]`, so FastAPI emits a proper `oneOf` + discriminator in the OpenAPI schema with no extra boilerplate:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import PaginationType
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse
+
+@router.get("/users")
+async def list_users(
+    pagination_type: PaginationType = PaginationType.OFFSET,
+    page: int = 1,
+    cursor: str | None = None,
+    items_per_page: int = 20,
+) -> PaginatedResponse[UserSchema]:
+    return await UserCrud.paginate(
+        session,
+        pagination_type=pagination_type,
+        page=page,
+        cursor=cursor,
+        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        schema=UserSchema,
+    )
+```
+
+#### Pagination metadata models
+
+The optional `filter_attributes` field is populated when `facet_fields` are configured on the CRUD class (see [Filter attributes](crud.md#filter-attributes-facets)). It is `None` by default and can be hidden from API responses with `response_model_exclude_none=True`.
+
+### [`ErrorResponse`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.ErrorResponse)
+
+Returned automatically by the exceptions handler.
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/schemas.md)

docs/overrides/main.html

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{% extends "base.html" %} {% block extrahead %}
+<script
+    defer
+    src="https://analytics.d3vyce.fr/script.js"
+    data-website-id="338b8816-7b99-4c6a-82f3-15595be3fd47"
+></script>
+{{ super() }} {% endblock %}

docs/reference/cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# `cli`
+
+Here's the reference for the CLI configuration helpers used to load settings from `pyproject.toml`.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.cli.config`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.cli.config import (
+    import_from_string,
+    get_config_value,
+    get_fixtures_registry,
+    get_db_context,
+    get_custom_cli,
+)
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.cli.config.import_from_string
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.cli.config.get_config_value
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.cli.config.get_fixtures_registry
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.cli.config.get_db_context
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.cli.config.get_custom_cli
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.cli.utils.async_command

docs/reference/crud.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# `crud`
+
+Here's the reference for the CRUD classes, factory, and search utilities.
+
+You can import the main symbols from `fastapi_toolsets.crud`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import CrudFactory, AsyncCrud
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud.search import SearchConfig, get_searchable_fields, build_search_filters
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.AsyncCrud
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.CrudFactory
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.crud.search.SearchConfig
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.crud.search.get_searchable_fields
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.crud.search.build_search_filters

docs/reference/db.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# `db`
+
+Here's the reference for all database session utilities, transaction helpers, and locking functions.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.db`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import (
+    LockMode,
+    cleanup_tables,
+    create_database,
+    create_db_dependency,
+    create_db_context,
+    get_transaction,
+    lock_tables,
+    wait_for_row_change,
+)
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.LockMode
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.create_db_dependency
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.create_db_context
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.get_transaction
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.lock_tables
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.wait_for_row_change
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.create_database
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.db.cleanup_tables

docs/reference/dependencies.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# `dependencies`
+
+Here's the reference for the FastAPI dependency factory functions.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.dependencies`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.dependencies import PathDependency, BodyDependency
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.dependencies.PathDependency
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.dependencies.BodyDependency

docs/reference/exceptions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# `exceptions`
+
+Here's the reference for all exception classes and handler utilities.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.exceptions`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import (
+    ApiException,
+    UnauthorizedError,
+    ForbiddenError,
+    NotFoundError,
+    ConflictError,
+    NoSearchableFieldsError,
+    InvalidFacetFilterError,
+    InvalidOrderFieldError,
+    generate_error_responses,
+    init_exceptions_handlers,
+)
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ApiException
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.UnauthorizedError
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ForbiddenError
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.NotFoundError
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.ConflictError
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.NoSearchableFieldsError
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidFacetFilterError
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.InvalidOrderFieldError
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.exceptions.generate_error_responses
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.handler.init_exceptions_handlers

docs/reference/fixtures.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# `fixtures`
+
+Here's the reference for the fixture registry, enums, and loading utilities.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.fixtures`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import (
+    Context,
+    LoadStrategy,
+    Fixture,
+    FixtureRegistry,
+    load_fixtures,
+    load_fixtures_by_context,
+    get_obj_by_attr,
+)
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.enum.Context
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.enum.LoadStrategy
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.registry.Fixture
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.registry.FixtureRegistry
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.utils.load_fixtures
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.utils.load_fixtures_by_context
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.utils.get_obj_by_attr

docs/reference/logger.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# `logger`
+
+Here's the reference for the logging utilities.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.logger`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.logger import configure_logging, get_logger
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.logger.configure_logging
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.logger.get_logger

docs/reference/metrics.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# `metrics`
+
+Here's the reference for the Prometheus metrics registry and endpoint handler.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.metrics`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.metrics import Metric, MetricsRegistry, init_metrics
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.metrics.registry.Metric
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.metrics.registry.MetricsRegistry
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.metrics.handler.init_metrics

docs/reference/models.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# `models`
+
+Here's the reference for the SQLAlchemy model mixins provided by the `models` module.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.models`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import (
+    UUIDMixin,
+    UUIDv7Mixin,
+    CreatedAtMixin,
+    UpdatedAtMixin,
+    TimestampMixin,
+)
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.models.UUIDMixin
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.models.UUIDv7Mixin
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.models.CreatedAtMixin
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.models.UpdatedAtMixin
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.models.TimestampMixin

docs/reference/pytest.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# `pytest`
+
+Here's the reference for all testing utilities and pytest fixtures.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.pytest`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import (
+    register_fixtures,
+    create_async_client,
+    create_db_session,
+    worker_database_url,
+    create_worker_database,
+    cleanup_tables,
+)
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.pytest.plugin.register_fixtures
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_async_client
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_db_session
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.worker_database_url
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.pytest.utils.create_worker_database

docs/reference/schemas.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# `schemas`
+
+Here's the reference for all response models and types provided by the `schemas` module.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.schemas`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
+    PydanticBase,
+    ResponseStatus,
+    ApiError,
+    BaseResponse,
+    Response,
+    ErrorResponse,
+    OffsetPagination,
+    CursorPagination,
+    PaginationType,
+    PaginatedResponse,
+    OffsetPaginatedResponse,
+    CursorPaginatedResponse,
+)
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PydanticBase
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.ResponseStatus
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.ApiError
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.BaseResponse
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.Response
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.ErrorResponse
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PaginationType
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PaginatedResponse
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPaginatedResponse
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPaginatedResponse

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
+
+from .routes import router
+
+app = FastAPI()
+init_exceptions_handlers(app=app)
+app.include_router(router=router)

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/crud.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import CrudFactory
+
+from .models import Article, Category
+
+ArticleCrud = CrudFactory(
+    model=Article,
+    cursor_column=Article.created_at,
+    searchable_fields=[  # default fields for full-text search
+        Article.title,
+        Article.body,
+        (Article.category, Category.name),
+    ],
+    facet_fields=[  # fields exposed as filter dropdowns
+        Article.status,
+        (Article.category, Category.name),
+    ],
+    order_fields=[  # fields exposed for client-driven ordering
+        Article.title,
+        Article.created_at,
+    ],
+)

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/db.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import Depends
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.db import create_db_context, create_db_dependency
+
+DATABASE_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres"
+
+engine = create_async_engine(url=DATABASE_URL, future=True)
+async_session_maker = async_sessionmaker(bind=engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+
+get_db = create_db_dependency(session_maker=async_session_maker)
+get_db_context = create_db_context(session_maker=async_session_maker)
+
+
+SessionDep = Annotated[AsyncSession, Depends(get_db)]

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import uuid
+
+from sqlalchemy import Boolean, ForeignKey, String, Text
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import CreatedAtMixin
+
+
+class Base(DeclarativeBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class Category(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "categories"
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(64), unique=True)
+
+    articles: Mapped[list["Article"]] = relationship(back_populates="category")
+
+
+class Article(Base, CreatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "articles"
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4)
+    title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(256))
+    body: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(32))
+    published: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(Boolean, default=False)
+    category_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID | None] = mapped_column(
+        ForeignKey("categories.id"), nullable=True
+    )
+
+    category: Mapped["Category | None"] = relationship(back_populates="articles")

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/routes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, Query
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.crud import OrderByClause, PaginationType
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
+    CursorPaginatedResponse,
+    OffsetPaginatedResponse,
+    PaginatedResponse,
+)
+
+from .crud import ArticleCrud
+from .db import SessionDep
+from .models import Article
+from .schemas import ArticleRead
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/articles")
+
+
+@router.get("/offset")
+async def list_articles_offset(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params())],
+    order_by: Annotated[
+        OrderByClause | None,
+        Depends(ArticleCrud.order_params(default_field=Article.created_at)),
+    ],
+    page: int = Query(1, ge=1),
+    items_per_page: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
+    search: str | None = None,
+) -> OffsetPaginatedResponse[ArticleRead]:
+    return await ArticleCrud.offset_paginate(
+        session=session,
+        page=page,
+        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        search=search,
+        filter_by=filter_by or None,
+        order_by=order_by,
+        schema=ArticleRead,
+    )
+
+
+@router.get("/cursor")
+async def list_articles_cursor(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params())],
+    order_by: Annotated[
+        OrderByClause | None,
+        Depends(ArticleCrud.order_params(default_field=Article.created_at)),
+    ],
+    cursor: str | None = None,
+    items_per_page: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
+    search: str | None = None,
+) -> CursorPaginatedResponse[ArticleRead]:
+    return await ArticleCrud.cursor_paginate(
+        session=session,
+        cursor=cursor,
+        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        search=search,
+        filter_by=filter_by or None,
+        order_by=order_by,
+        schema=ArticleRead,
+    )
+
+
+@router.get("/")
+async def list_articles(
+    session: SessionDep,
+    filter_by: Annotated[dict[str, list[str]], Depends(ArticleCrud.filter_params())],
+    order_by: Annotated[
+        OrderByClause | None,
+        Depends(ArticleCrud.order_params(default_field=Article.created_at)),
+    ],
+    pagination_type: PaginationType = PaginationType.OFFSET,
+    page: int = Query(1, ge=1),
+    cursor: str | None = None,
+    items_per_page: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
+    search: str | None = None,
+) -> PaginatedResponse[ArticleRead]:
+    return await ArticleCrud.paginate(
+        session,
+        pagination_type=pagination_type,
+        page=page,
+        cursor=cursor,
+        items_per_page=items_per_page,
+        search=search,
+        filter_by=filter_by or None,
+        order_by=order_by,
+        schema=ArticleRead,
+    )

docs_src/examples/pagination_search/schemas.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import datetime
+import uuid
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PydanticBase
+
+
+class ArticleRead(PydanticBase):
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    created_at: datetime.datetime
+    title: str
+    status: str
+    published: bool
+    category_id: uuid.UUID | None

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [project]
 name = "fastapi-toolsets"
-version = "0.8.1"
+version = "2.3.0"
-description = "Reusable tools for FastAPI: async CRUD, fixtures, CLI, and standardized responses for SQLAlchemy + PostgreSQL"
+description = "Production-ready utilities for FastAPI applications"
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"
 license-files = ["LICENSE"]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ authors = [
 ]
 keywords = ["fastapi", "sqlalchemy", "postgresql"]
 classifiers = [
-    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
+    "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
     "Framework :: AsyncIO",
     "Framework :: FastAPI",
     "Framework :: Pydantic",
@@ -31,12 +31,10 @@ classifiers = [
     "Typing :: Typed",
 ]
 dependencies = [
-    "fastapi>=0.100.0",
-    "sqlalchemy[asyncio]>=2.0",
     "asyncpg>=0.29.0",
+    "fastapi>=0.100.0",
     "pydantic>=2.0",
-    "typer>=0.9.0",
+    "sqlalchemy[asyncio]>=2.0",
-    "httpx>=0.25.0",
 ]
 
 [project.urls]
@@ -46,22 +44,45 @@ Repository = "https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets"
 Issues = "https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/issues"
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
-test = [
+cli = [
-    "pytest>=8.0.0",
+    "typer>=0.9.0",
-    "pytest-anyio>=0.0.0",
-    "pytest-xdist>=3.0.0",
-    "coverage>=7.0.0",
-    "pytest-cov>=4.0.0",
 ]
-dev = [
+metrics = [
-    "fastapi-toolsets[test]",
+    "prometheus_client>=0.20.0",
-    "ruff>=0.1.0",
+]
-    "ty>=0.0.1a0",
+pytest = [
+    "httpx>=0.25.0",
+    "pytest-xdist>=3.0.0",
+    "pytest>=8.0.0",
+]
+all = [
+    "fastapi-toolsets[cli,metrics,pytest]",
 ]
 
 [project.scripts]
 manager = "fastapi_toolsets.cli.app:cli"
 
+[dependency-groups]
+dev = [
+    {include-group = "tests"},
+    {include-group = "docs"},
+    "fastapi-toolsets[all]",
+    "ruff>=0.1.0",
+    "ty>=0.0.1a0",
+]
+tests = [
+    "coverage>=7.0.0",
+    "httpx>=0.25.0",
+    "pytest-anyio>=0.0.0",
+    "pytest-cov>=4.0.0",
+    "pytest-xdist>=3.0.0",
+    "pytest>=8.0.0",
+]
+docs = [
+    "mkdocstrings-python>=2.0.2",
+    "zensical>=0.0.23",
+]
+
 [build-system]
 requires = ["uv_build>=0.10,<0.11.0"]
 build-backend = "uv_build"

src/fastapi_toolsets/__init__.py

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ Example usage:
         return Response(data={"user": user.username}, message="Success")
 """
 
-__version__ = "0.8.1"
+__version__ = "2.3.0"

src/fastapi_toolsets/_imports.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""Optional dependency helpers."""
+
+
+def require_extra(package: str, extra: str) -> None:
+    """Raise *ImportError* with an actionable install instruction."""
+    raise ImportError(
+        f"'{package}' is required to use this module. "
+        f"Install it with: pip install fastapi-toolsets[{extra}]"
+    )

src/fastapi_toolsets/cli/app.py

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 """Main CLI application."""
 
-import typer
+try:
+    import typer
+except ImportError:
+    from .._imports import require_extra
+
+    require_extra(package="typer", extra="cli")
 
 from ..logger import configure_logging
 from .config import get_custom_cli

src/fastapi_toolsets/cli/commands/fixtures.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ async def load(
     registry = get_fixtures_registry()
     db_context = get_db_context()
 
-    context_list = [c.value for c in contexts] if contexts else [Context.BASE]
+    context_list = list(contexts) if contexts else [Context.BASE]
 
     ordered = registry.resolve_context_dependencies(*context_list)
 

src/fastapi_toolsets/cli/config.py

@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 """CLI configuration and dynamic imports."""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import importlib
 import sys
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, overload
 
 import typer
 
 from .pyproject import find_pyproject, load_pyproject
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..fixtures import FixtureRegistry
+
 
 def _ensure_project_in_path():
     """Add project root to sys.path if not installed in editable mode."""
@@ -17,7 +23,7 @@ def _ensure_project_in_path():
             sys.path.insert(0, project_root)
 
 
-def import_from_string(import_path: str):
+def import_from_string(import_path: str) -> Any:
     """Import an object from a dotted string path.
 
     Args:
@@ -51,7 +57,13 @@ def import_from_string(import_path: str):
     return getattr(module, attr_name)
 
 
-def get_config_value(key: str, required: bool = False):
+@overload
+def get_config_value(key: str, required: Literal[True]) -> Any: ...  # pragma: no cover
+@overload
+def get_config_value(
+    key: str, required: bool = False
+) -> Any | None: ...  # pragma: no cover
+def get_config_value(key: str, required: bool = False) -> Any | None:
     """Get a configuration value from pyproject.toml.
 
     Args:
@@ -76,7 +88,7 @@ def get_config_value(key: str, required: bool = False):
     return value
 
 
-def get_fixtures_registry():
+def get_fixtures_registry() -> FixtureRegistry:
     """Import and return the fixtures registry from config."""
     from ..fixtures import FixtureRegistry
 
@@ -91,7 +103,7 @@ def get_fixtures_registry():
     return registry
 
 
-def get_db_context():
+def get_db_context() -> Any:
     """Import and return the db_context function from config."""
     import_path = get_config_value("db_context", required=True)
     return import_from_string(import_path)

src/fastapi_toolsets/cli/utils.py

@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@ def async_command(func: Callable[P, Coroutine[Any, Any, T]]) -> Callable[P, T]:
     """Decorator to run an async function as a sync CLI command.
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         @fixture_cli.command("load")
         @async_command
         async def load(ctx: typer.Context) -> None:
             async with get_db_context() as session:
                 await load_fixtures(session, registry)
+        ```
     """
 
     @functools.wraps(func)

src/fastapi_toolsets/crud/__init__.py

@@ -1,15 +1,28 @@
 """Generic async CRUD operations for SQLAlchemy models."""
 
-from ..exceptions import NoSearchableFieldsError
+from ..exceptions import InvalidFacetFilterError, NoSearchableFieldsError
-from .factory import CrudFactory
+from ..schemas import PaginationType
-from .search import (
+from ..types import (
-    SearchConfig,
+    FacetFieldType,
-    get_searchable_fields,
+    JoinType,
+    M2MFieldType,
+    OrderByClause,
+    SearchFieldType,
 )
+from .factory import AsyncCrud, CrudFactory
+from .search import SearchConfig, get_searchable_fields
 
 __all__ = [
+    "AsyncCrud",
     "CrudFactory",
+    "FacetFieldType",
     "get_searchable_fields",
+    "InvalidFacetFilterError",
+    "JoinType",
+    "M2MFieldType",
     "NoSearchableFieldsError",
+    "OrderByClause",
+    "PaginationType",
     "SearchConfig",
+    "SearchFieldType",
 ]

src/fastapi_toolsets/crud/search.py

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 """Search utilities for AsyncCrud."""
 
+import asyncio
+import functools
+from collections import Counter
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, replace
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
 
-from sqlalchemy import String, or_
+from sqlalchemy import String, and_, or_, select
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import InstrumentedAttribute
 
-from ..exceptions import NoSearchableFieldsError
+from ..exceptions import InvalidFacetFilterError, NoSearchableFieldsError
+from ..types import FacetFieldType, SearchFieldType
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import ColumnElement
 
-SearchFieldType = InstrumentedAttribute[Any] | tuple[InstrumentedAttribute[Any], ...]
-
 
 @dataclass
 class SearchConfig:
@@ -33,6 +36,7 @@ class SearchConfig:
     match_mode: Literal["any", "all"] = "any"
 
 
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=128)
 def get_searchable_fields(
     model: type[DeclarativeBase],
     *,
@@ -89,19 +93,19 @@ def build_search_filters(
 
     Returns:
         Tuple of (filter_conditions, joins_needed)
+
+    Raises:
+        NoSearchableFieldsError: If no searchable field has been configured
     """
     # Normalize input
     if isinstance(search, str):
         config = SearchConfig(query=search, fields=search_fields)
     else:
-        config = search
+        config = (
-        if search_fields is not None:
+            replace(search, fields=search_fields)
-            config = SearchConfig(
+            if search_fields is not None
-                query=config.query,
+            else search
-                fields=search_fields,
+        )
-                case_sensitive=config.case_sensitive,
-                match_mode=config.match_mode,
-            )
 
     if not config.query or not config.query.strip():
         return [], []
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ def build_search_filters(
         else:
             filters.append(column_as_string.ilike(f"%{query}%"))
 
-    if not filters:
+    if not filters:  # pragma: no cover
         return [], []
 
     # Combine based on match_mode
@@ -144,3 +148,143 @@ def build_search_filters(
         return [or_(*filters)], joins
     else:
         return filters, joins
+
+
+def facet_keys(facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType]) -> list[str]:
+    """Return a key for each facet field, disambiguating duplicate column keys.
+
+    Args:
+        facet_fields: Sequence of facet fields — either direct columns or
+            relationship tuples ``(rel, ..., column)``.
+
+    Returns:
+        A list of string keys, one per facet field, in the same order.
+    """
+    raw: list[tuple[str, str | None]] = []
+    for field in facet_fields:
+        if isinstance(field, tuple):
+            rel = field[-2]
+            column = field[-1]
+            raw.append((column.key, rel.key))
+        else:
+            raw.append((field.key, None))
+
+    counts = Counter(col_key for col_key, _ in raw)
+    keys: list[str] = []
+    for col_key, rel_key in raw:
+        if counts[col_key] > 1 and rel_key is not None:
+            keys.append(f"{rel_key}__{col_key}")
+        else:
+            keys.append(col_key)
+    return keys
+
+
+async def build_facets(
+    session: "AsyncSession",
+    model: type[DeclarativeBase],
+    facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType],
+    *,
+    base_filters: "list[ColumnElement[bool]] | None" = None,
+    base_joins: list[InstrumentedAttribute[Any]] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, list[Any]]:
+    """Return distinct values for each facet field, respecting current filters.
+
+    Args:
+        session: DB async session
+        model: SQLAlchemy model class
+        facet_fields: Columns or relationship tuples to facet on
+        base_filters: Filter conditions already applied to the main query (search + caller filters)
+        base_joins: Relationship joins already applied to the main query
+
+    Returns:
+        Dict mapping column key to sorted list of distinct non-None values
+    """
+    existing_join_keys: set[str] = {str(j) for j in (base_joins or [])}
+
+    keys = facet_keys(facet_fields)
+
+    async def _query_facet(field: FacetFieldType, key: str) -> tuple[str, list[Any]]:
+        if isinstance(field, tuple):
+            # Relationship chain: (User.role, Role.name) — last element is the column
+            rels = field[:-1]
+            column = field[-1]
+        else:
+            rels = ()
+            column = field
+
+        q = select(column).select_from(model).distinct()
+
+        # Apply base joins (already done on main query, but needed here independently)
+        for rel in base_joins or []:
+            q = q.outerjoin(rel)
+
+        # Add any extra joins required by this facet field that aren't already in base_joins
+        for rel in rels:
+            if str(rel) not in existing_join_keys:
+                q = q.outerjoin(rel)
+
+        if base_filters:
+            q = q.where(and_(*base_filters))
+
+        q = q.order_by(column)
+        result = await session.execute(q)
+        values = [row[0] for row in result.all() if row[0] is not None]
+        return key, values
+
+    pairs = await asyncio.gather(
+        *[_query_facet(f, k) for f, k in zip(facet_fields, keys)]
+    )
+    return dict(pairs)
+
+
+def build_filter_by(
+    filter_by: dict[str, Any],
+    facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType],
+) -> tuple["list[ColumnElement[bool]]", list[InstrumentedAttribute[Any]]]:
+    """Translate a {column_key: value} dict into SQLAlchemy filter conditions.
+
+    Args:
+        filter_by: Mapping of column key to scalar value or list of values
+        facet_fields: Declared facet fields to validate keys against
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of (filter_conditions, joins_needed)
+
+    Raises:
+        InvalidFacetFilterError: If a key in filter_by is not a declared facet field
+    """
+    index: dict[
+        str, tuple[InstrumentedAttribute[Any], list[InstrumentedAttribute[Any]]]
+    ] = {}
+    for key, field in zip(facet_keys(facet_fields), facet_fields):
+        if isinstance(field, tuple):
+            rels = list(field[:-1])
+            column = field[-1]
+        else:
+            rels = []
+            column = field
+        index[key] = (column, rels)
+
+    valid_keys = set(index)
+    filters: list[ColumnElement[bool]] = []
+    joins: list[InstrumentedAttribute[Any]] = []
+    added_join_keys: set[str] = set()
+
+    for key, value in filter_by.items():
+        if key not in index:
+            raise InvalidFacetFilterError(key, valid_keys)
+
+        column, rels = index[key]
+
+        for rel in rels:
+            rel_key = str(rel)
+            if rel_key not in added_join_keys:
+                joins.append(rel)
+                added_join_keys.add(rel_key)
+
+        if isinstance(value, list):
+            filters.append(column.in_(value))
+        else:
+            filters.append(column == value)
+
+    return filters, joins

src/fastapi_toolsets/db.py

@@ -7,15 +7,19 @@ from enum import Enum
 from typing import Any, TypeVar
 
 from sqlalchemy import text
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
+from .exceptions import NotFoundError
+
 __all__ = [
     "LockMode",
+    "cleanup_tables",
+    "create_database",
     "create_db_context",
     "create_db_dependency",
-    "lock_tables",
     "get_transaction",
+    "lock_tables",
     "wait_for_row_change",
 ]
 
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ def create_db_dependency(
         An async generator function usable with FastAPI's Depends()
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         from fastapi import Depends
         from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, create_async_engine, async_sessionmaker
         from fastapi_toolsets.db import create_db_dependency
@@ -46,6 +51,7 @@ def create_db_dependency(
         @app.get("/users")
         async def list_users(session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
             ...
+        ```
     """
 
     async def get_db() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
@@ -72,6 +78,7 @@ def create_db_context(
         An async context manager function
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, async_sessionmaker
         from fastapi_toolsets.db import create_db_context
 
@@ -83,6 +90,7 @@ def create_db_context(
             async with get_db_context() as session:
                 user = await UserCrud.get(session, [User.id == 1])
                 ...
+        ```
     """
     get_db = create_db_dependency(session_maker)
     return asynccontextmanager(get_db)
@@ -104,9 +112,11 @@ async def get_transaction(
         The session within the transaction context
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         async with get_transaction(session):
             session.add(model)
             # Auto-commits on exit, rolls back on exception
+        ```
     """
     if session.in_transaction():
         async with session.begin_nested():
@@ -158,6 +168,7 @@ async def lock_tables(
         SQLAlchemyError: If lock cannot be acquired within timeout
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         from fastapi_toolsets.db import lock_tables, LockMode
 
         async with lock_tables(session, [User, Account]):
@@ -169,6 +180,7 @@ async def lock_tables(
         async with lock_tables(session, [Order], mode=LockMode.EXCLUSIVE):
             # Exclusive lock - no other transactions can access
             await process_order(session, order_id)
+        ```
     """
     table_names = ",".join(table.__tablename__ for table in tables)
 
@@ -178,6 +190,71 @@ async def lock_tables(
         yield session
 
 
+async def create_database(
+    db_name: str,
+    *,
+    server_url: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Create a database.
+
+    Connects to *server_url* using ``AUTOCOMMIT`` isolation and issues a
+    ``CREATE DATABASE`` statement for *db_name*.
+
+    Args:
+        db_name: Name of the database to create.
+        server_url: URL used for server-level DDL (must point to an existing
+            database on the same server).
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from fastapi_toolsets.db import create_database
+
+        SERVER_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/postgres"
+        await create_database("myapp_test", server_url=SERVER_URL)
+        ```
+    """
+    engine = create_async_engine(server_url, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
+    try:
+        async with engine.connect() as conn:
+            await conn.execute(text(f"CREATE DATABASE {db_name}"))
+    finally:
+        await engine.dispose()
+
+
+async def cleanup_tables(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    base: type[DeclarativeBase],
+) -> None:
+    """Truncate all tables for fast between-test cleanup.
+
+    Executes a single ``TRUNCATE … RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE`` statement
+    across every table in *base*'s metadata, which is significantly faster
+    than dropping and re-creating tables between tests.
+
+    This is a no-op when the metadata contains no tables.
+
+    Args:
+        session: An active async database session.
+        base: SQLAlchemy DeclarativeBase class containing model metadata.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        @pytest.fixture
+        async def db_session(worker_db_url):
+            async with create_db_session(worker_db_url, Base) as session:
+                yield session
+                await cleanup_tables(session, Base)
+        ```
+    """
+    tables = base.metadata.sorted_tables
+    if not tables:
+        return
+
+    table_names = ", ".join(f'"{t.name}"' for t in tables)
+    await session.execute(text(f"TRUNCATE {table_names} RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE"))
+    await session.commit()
+
+
 _M = TypeVar("_M", bound=DeclarativeBase)
 
 
@@ -208,10 +285,11 @@ async def wait_for_row_change(
         The refreshed model instance with updated values
 
     Raises:
-        LookupError: If the row does not exist or is deleted during polling
+        NotFoundError: If the row does not exist or is deleted during polling
         TimeoutError: If timeout expires before a change is detected
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         from fastapi_toolsets.db import wait_for_row_change
 
         # Wait for any column to change
@@ -224,10 +302,11 @@ async def wait_for_row_change(
             interval=1.0,
             timeout=30.0,
         )
+        ```
     """
     instance = await session.get(model, pk_value)
     if instance is None:
-        raise LookupError(f"{model.__name__} with pk={pk_value!r} not found")
+        raise NotFoundError(f"{model.__name__} with pk={pk_value!r} not found")
 
     if columns is not None:
         watch_cols = columns
@@ -251,7 +330,7 @@ async def wait_for_row_change(
         instance = await session.get(model, pk_value)
 
         if instance is None:
-            raise LookupError(f"{model.__name__} with pk={pk_value!r} was deleted")
+            raise NotFoundError(f"{model.__name__} with pk={pk_value!r} was deleted")
 
         current = {col: getattr(instance, col) for col in watch_cols}
         if current != initial:

src/fastapi_toolsets/dependencies.py

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 """Dependency factories for FastAPI routes."""
 
 import inspect
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
-from typing import Any, TypeVar, cast
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from fastapi import Depends
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
-from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
-from ..crud import CrudFactory
+from .crud import CrudFactory
+from .types import ModelType, SessionDependency
 
-ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=DeclarativeBase)
+__all__ = ["BodyDependency", "PathDependency"]
-SessionDependency = Callable[[], AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]]
 
 
 def PathDependency(
@@ -36,12 +35,14 @@ def PathDependency(
         NotFoundError: If no matching record is found
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         UserDep = PathDependency(User, User.id, session_dep=get_db)
 
         @router.get("/user/{id}")
         async def get(
             user: User = UserDep,
         ): ...
+        ```
     """
     crud = CrudFactory(model)
     name = (
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ def BodyDependency(
         NotFoundError: If no matching record is found
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         UserDep = BodyDependency(
             User, User.ctfd_id, session_dep=get_db, body_field="user_id"
         )
@@ -108,6 +110,7 @@ def BodyDependency(
         async def assign(
             user: User = UserDep,
         ): ...
+        ```
     """
     crud = CrudFactory(model)
     python_type = field.type.python_type

src/fastapi_toolsets/dependencies/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-"""FastAPI dependency factories for database objects."""
-
-from .factory import BodyDependency, PathDependency
-
-__all__ = ["BodyDependency", "PathDependency"]

src/fastapi_toolsets/exceptions/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ from .exceptions import (
     ApiException,
     ConflictError,
     ForbiddenError,
+    InvalidFacetFilterError,
+    InvalidOrderFieldError,
     NoSearchableFieldsError,
     NotFoundError,
     UnauthorizedError,
@@ -19,6 +21,8 @@ __all__ = [
     "ForbiddenError",
     "generate_error_responses",
     "init_exceptions_handlers",
+    "InvalidFacetFilterError",
+    "InvalidOrderFieldError",
     "NoSearchableFieldsError",
     "NotFoundError",
     "UnauthorizedError",

src/fastapi_toolsets/exceptions/exceptions.py

@@ -6,30 +6,46 @@ from ..schemas import ApiError, ErrorResponse, ResponseStatus
 
 
 class ApiException(Exception):
-    """Base exception for API errors with structured response.
+    """Base exception for API errors with structured response."""
-
-    Subclass this to create custom API exceptions with consistent error format.
-    The exception handler will use api_error to generate the response.
-
-    Example:
-        class CustomError(ApiException):
-            api_error = ApiError(
-                code=400,
-                msg="Bad Request",
-                desc="The request was invalid.",
-                err_code="CUSTOM-400",
-            )
-    """
 
     api_error: ClassVar[ApiError]
 
-    def __init__(self, detail: str | None = None):
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, abstract: bool = False, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
+        if not abstract and not hasattr(cls, "api_error"):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"{cls.__name__} must define an 'api_error' class attribute. "
+                "Pass abstract=True when creating intermediate base classes."
+            )
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        detail: str | None = None,
+        *,
+        desc: str | None = None,
+        data: Any = None,
+    ) -> None:
         """Initialize the exception.
 
         Args:
-            detail: Optional override for the error message
+            detail: Optional human-readable message
+            desc: Optional per-instance override for the ``description`` field
+                in the HTTP response body.
+            data: Optional per-instance override for the ``data`` field in the
+                HTTP response body.
         """
-        super().__init__(detail or self.api_error.msg)
+        updates: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if detail is not None:
+            updates["msg"] = detail
+        if desc is not None:
+            updates["desc"] = desc
+        if data is not None:
+            updates["data"] = data
+        if updates:
+            object.__setattr__(
+                self, "api_error", self.__class__.api_error.model_copy(update=updates)
+            )
+        super().__init__(self.api_error.msg)
 
 
 class UnauthorizedError(ApiException):
@@ -76,55 +92,6 @@ class ConflictError(ApiException):
     )
 
 
-class InsufficientRolesError(ForbiddenError):
-    """User does not have the required roles."""
-
-    api_error = ApiError(
-        code=403,
-        msg="Insufficient Roles",
-        desc="You do not have the required roles to access this resource.",
-        err_code="RBAC-403",
-    )
-
-    def __init__(self, required_roles: list[str], user_roles: set[str] | None = None):
-        """Initialize the exception.
-
-        Args:
-            required_roles: Roles needed to access the resource
-            user_roles: Roles the current user has, if known
-        """
-        self.required_roles = required_roles
-        self.user_roles = user_roles
-
-        desc = f"Required roles: {', '.join(required_roles)}"
-        if user_roles is not None:
-            desc += f". User has: {', '.join(user_roles) if user_roles else 'no roles'}"
-
-        super().__init__(desc)
-
-
-class UserNotFoundError(NotFoundError):
-    """User was not found."""
-
-    api_error = ApiError(
-        code=404,
-        msg="User Not Found",
-        desc="The requested user was not found.",
-        err_code="USER-404",
-    )
-
-
-class RoleNotFoundError(NotFoundError):
-    """Role was not found."""
-
-    api_error = ApiError(
-        code=404,
-        msg="Role Not Found",
-        desc="The requested role was not found.",
-        err_code="ROLE-404",
-    )
-
-
 class NoSearchableFieldsError(ApiException):
     """Raised when search is requested but no searchable fields are available."""
 
@@ -139,14 +106,66 @@ class NoSearchableFieldsError(ApiException):
         """Initialize the exception.
 
         Args:
-            model: The SQLAlchemy model class that has no searchable fields
+            model: The model class that has no searchable fields configured.
         """
         self.model = model
-        detail = (
+        super().__init__(
-            f"No searchable fields found for model '{model.__name__}'. "
+            desc=(
-            "Provide 'search_fields' parameter or set 'searchable_fields' on the CRUD class."
+                f"No searchable fields found for model '{model.__name__}'. "
+                "Provide 'search_fields' parameter or set 'searchable_fields' on the CRUD class."
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidFacetFilterError(ApiException):
+    """Raised when filter_by contains a key not declared in facet_fields."""
+
+    api_error = ApiError(
+        code=400,
+        msg="Invalid Facet Filter",
+        desc="One or more filter_by keys are not declared as facet fields.",
+        err_code="FACET-400",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, key: str, valid_keys: set[str]) -> None:
+        """Initialize the exception.
+
+        Args:
+            key: The unknown filter key provided by the caller.
+            valid_keys: Set of valid keys derived from the declared facet_fields.
+        """
+        self.key = key
+        self.valid_keys = valid_keys
+        super().__init__(
+            desc=(
+                f"'{key}' is not a declared facet field. "
+                f"Valid keys: {sorted(valid_keys) or 'none — set facet_fields on the CRUD class'}."
+            )
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidOrderFieldError(ApiException):
+    """Raised when order_by contains a field not in the allowed order fields."""
+
+    api_error = ApiError(
+        code=422,
+        msg="Invalid Order Field",
+        desc="The requested order field is not allowed for this resource.",
+        err_code="SORT-422",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, field: str, valid_fields: list[str]) -> None:
+        """Initialize the exception.
+
+        Args:
+            field: The unknown order field provided by the caller.
+            valid_fields: List of valid field names.
+        """
+        self.field = field
+        self.valid_fields = valid_fields
+        super().__init__(
+            desc=f"'{field}' is not an allowed order field. Valid fields: {valid_fields}."
         )
-        super().__init__(detail)
 
 
 def generate_error_responses(
@@ -154,42 +173,39 @@ def generate_error_responses(
 ) -> dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]]:
     """Generate OpenAPI response documentation for exceptions.
 
-    Use this to document possible error responses for an endpoint.
-
     Args:
-        *errors: Exception classes that inherit from ApiException
+        *errors: Exception classes that inherit from ApiException.
 
     Returns:
-        Dict suitable for FastAPI's responses parameter
+        Dict suitable for FastAPI's ``responses`` parameter.
-
-    Example:
-        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import generate_error_responses, UnauthorizedError, ForbiddenError
-
-        @app.get(
-            "/admin",
-            responses=generate_error_responses(UnauthorizedError, ForbiddenError)
-        )
-        async def admin_endpoint():
-            ...
     """
     responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
 
     for error in errors:
         api_error = error.api_error
+        code = api_error.code
 
-        responses[api_error.code] = {
+        if code not in responses:
-            "model": ErrorResponse,
+            responses[code] = {
-            "description": api_error.msg,
+                "model": ErrorResponse,
-            "content": {
+                "description": api_error.msg,
-                "application/json": {
+                "content": {
-                    "example": {
+                    "application/json": {
-                        "data": None,
+                        "examples": {},
-                        "status": ResponseStatus.FAIL.value,
-                        "message": api_error.msg,
-                        "description": api_error.desc,
-                        "error_code": api_error.err_code,
                     }
-                }
+                },
+            }
+
+        responses[code]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"][
+            api_error.err_code
+        ] = {
+            "summary": api_error.msg,
+            "value": {
+                "data": api_error.data,
+                "status": ResponseStatus.FAIL.value,
+                "message": api_error.msg,
+                "description": api_error.desc,
+                "error_code": api_error.err_code,
             },
         }
 

src/fastapi_toolsets/exceptions/handler.py

@@ -1,69 +1,69 @@
 """Exception handlers for FastAPI applications."""
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from typing import Any
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Response, status
-from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError, ResponseValidationError
+from fastapi.exceptions import (
-from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
+    HTTPException,
+    RequestValidationError,
+    ResponseValidationError,
+)
 from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
 
-from ..schemas import ResponseStatus
+from ..schemas import ErrorResponse, ResponseStatus
 from .exceptions import ApiException
 
+_VALIDATION_LOCATION_PARAMS: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
+    {"body", "query", "path", "header", "cookie"}
+)
+
 
 def init_exceptions_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> FastAPI:
     """Register exception handlers and custom OpenAPI schema on a FastAPI app.
 
-    Installs handlers for :class:`ApiException`, validation errors, and
-    unhandled exceptions, and replaces the default 422 schema with a
-    consistent error format.
-
     Args:
-        app: FastAPI application instance
+        app: FastAPI application instance.
 
     Returns:
-        The same FastAPI instance (for chaining)
+        The same FastAPI instance (for chaining).
-
-    Example:
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
     """
     _register_exception_handlers(app)
-    app.openapi = lambda: _custom_openapi(app)  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    _original_openapi = app.openapi
+    app.openapi = lambda: _patched_openapi(app, _original_openapi)  # type: ignore[method-assign]
     return app
 
 
 def _register_exception_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
-    """Register all exception handlers on a FastAPI application.
+    """Register all exception handlers on a FastAPI application."""
-
-    Args:
-        app: FastAPI application instance
-
-    Example:
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
-    """
 
     @app.exception_handler(ApiException)
     async def api_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: ApiException) -> Response:
         """Handle custom API exceptions with structured response."""
         api_error = exc.api_error
-
+        error_response = ErrorResponse(
+            data=api_error.data,
+            message=api_error.msg,
+            description=api_error.desc,
+            error_code=api_error.err_code,
+        )
         return JSONResponse(
             status_code=api_error.code,
-            content={
+            content=error_response.model_dump(),
-                "data": None,
+        )
-                "status": ResponseStatus.FAIL.value,
+
-                "message": api_error.msg,
+    @app.exception_handler(HTTPException)
-                "description": api_error.desc,
+    async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> Response:
-                "error_code": api_error.err_code,
+        """Handle Starlette/FastAPI HTTPException with a consistent error format."""
-            },
+        detail = exc.detail if isinstance(exc.detail, str) else "HTTP Error"
+        error_response = ErrorResponse(
+            message=detail,
+            error_code=f"HTTP-{exc.status_code}",
+        )
+        return JSONResponse(
+            status_code=exc.status_code,
+            content=error_response.model_dump(),
+            headers=getattr(exc, "headers", None),
         )
 
     @app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)
@@ -83,15 +83,14 @@ def _register_exception_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
     @app.exception_handler(Exception)
     async def generic_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: Exception) -> Response:
         """Handle all unhandled exceptions with a generic 500 response."""
+        error_response = ErrorResponse(
+            message="Internal Server Error",
+            description="An unexpected error occurred. Please try again later.",
+            error_code="SERVER-500",
+        )
         return JSONResponse(
             status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-            content={
+            content=error_response.model_dump(),
-                "data": None,
-                "status": ResponseStatus.FAIL.value,
-                "message": "Internal Server Error",
-                "description": "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again later.",
-                "error_code": "SERVER-500",
-            },
         )
 
 
@@ -103,11 +102,10 @@ def _format_validation_error(
     formatted_errors = []
 
     for error in errors:
-        field_path = ".".join(
+        locs = error["loc"]
-            str(loc)
+        if locs and locs[0] in _VALIDATION_LOCATION_PARAMS:
-            for loc in error["loc"]
+            locs = locs[1:]
-            if loc not in ("body", "query", "path", "header", "cookie")
+        field_path = ".".join(str(loc) for loc in locs)
-        )
         formatted_errors.append(
             {
                 "field": field_path or "root",
@@ -116,46 +114,35 @@ def _format_validation_error(
             }
         )
 
+    error_response = ErrorResponse(
+        data={"errors": formatted_errors},
+        message="Validation Error",
+        description=f"{len(formatted_errors)} validation error(s) detected",
+        error_code="VAL-422",
+    )
+
     return JSONResponse(
         status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
-        content={
+        content=error_response.model_dump(),
-            "data": {"errors": formatted_errors},
-            "status": ResponseStatus.FAIL.value,
-            "message": "Validation Error",
-            "description": f"{len(formatted_errors)} validation error(s) detected",
-            "error_code": "VAL-422",
-        },
     )
 
 
-def _custom_openapi(app: FastAPI) -> dict[str, Any]:
+def _patched_openapi(
-    """Generate custom OpenAPI schema with standardized error format.
+    app: FastAPI, original_openapi: Callable[[], dict[str, Any]]
-
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
-    Replaces default 422 validation error responses with the custom format.
+    """Generate the OpenAPI schema and replace default 422 responses.
 
     Args:
-        app: FastAPI application instance
+        app: FastAPI application instance.
+        original_openapi: The previous ``app.openapi`` callable to delegate to.
 
     Returns:
-        OpenAPI schema dict
+        Patched OpenAPI schema dict.
-
-    Example:
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-        init_exceptions_handlers(app)  # Automatically sets custom OpenAPI
     """
     if app.openapi_schema:
         return app.openapi_schema
 
-    openapi_schema = get_openapi(
+    openapi_schema = original_openapi()
-        title=app.title,
-        version=app.version,
-        openapi_version=app.openapi_version,
-        description=app.description,
-        routes=app.routes,
-    )
 
     for path_data in openapi_schema.get("paths", {}).values():
         for operation in path_data.values():
@@ -165,20 +152,25 @@ def _custom_openapi(app: FastAPI) -> dict[str, Any]:
                         "description": "Validation Error",
                         "content": {
                             "application/json": {
-                                "example": {
+                                "examples": {
-                                    "data": {
+                                    "VAL-422": {
-                                        "errors": [
+                                        "summary": "Validation Error",
-                                            {
+                                        "value": {
-                                                "field": "field_name",
+                                            "data": {
-                                                "message": "value is not valid",
+                                                "errors": [
-                                                "type": "value_error",
+                                                    {
-                                            }
+                                                        "field": "field_name",
-                                        ]
+                                                        "message": "value is not valid",
-                                    },
+                                                        "type": "value_error",
-                                    "status": ResponseStatus.FAIL.value,
+                                                    }
-                                    "message": "Validation Error",
+                                                ]
-                                    "description": "1 validation error(s) detected",
+                                            },
-                                    "error_code": "VAL-422",
+                                            "status": ResponseStatus.FAIL.value,
+                                            "message": "Validation Error",
+                                            "description": "1 validation error(s) detected",
+                                            "error_code": "VAL-422",
+                                        },
+                                    }
                                 }
                             }
                         },

src/fastapi_toolsets/fixtures/registry.py

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class FixtureRegistry:
     """Registry for managing fixtures with dependencies.
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import FixtureRegistry, Context
 
         fixtures = FixtureRegistry()
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ class FixtureRegistry:
             return [
                 Post(id=1, title="Test", user_id=1),
             ]
+        ```
     """
 
     def __init__(
@@ -80,6 +82,7 @@ class FixtureRegistry:
             contexts: List of contexts this fixture belongs to
 
         Example:
+            ```python
             @fixtures.register
             def roles():
                 return [Role(id=1, name="admin")]
@@ -87,6 +90,7 @@ class FixtureRegistry:
             @fixtures.register(depends_on=["roles"], contexts=[Context.TESTING])
             def test_users():
                 return [User(id=1, username="test", role_id=1)]
+            ```
         """
 
         def decorator(
@@ -124,6 +128,7 @@ class FixtureRegistry:
             ValueError: If a fixture name already exists in the current registry
 
         Example:
+            ```python
             registry = FixtureRegistry()
             dev_registry = FixtureRegistry()
 
@@ -132,6 +137,7 @@ class FixtureRegistry:
                 return [...]
 
             registry.include_registry(registry=dev_registry)
+            ```
         """
         for name, fixture in registry._fixtures.items():
             if name in self._fixtures:

src/fastapi_toolsets/fixtures/utils.py

@@ -1,24 +1,84 @@
 """Fixture loading utilities for database seeding."""
 
 from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
-from typing import Any, TypeVar
+from typing import Any
 
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
 from ..db import get_transaction
 from ..logger import get_logger
+from ..types import ModelType
 from .enum import LoadStrategy
 from .registry import Context, FixtureRegistry
 
 logger = get_logger()
 
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=DeclarativeBase)
+
+async def _load_ordered(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    registry: FixtureRegistry,
+    ordered_names: list[str],
+    strategy: LoadStrategy,
+) -> dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]]:
+    """Load fixtures in order."""
+    results: dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]] = {}
+
+    for name in ordered_names:
+        fixture = registry.get(name)
+        instances = list(fixture.func())
+
+        if not instances:
+            results[name] = []
+            continue
+
+        model_name = type(instances[0]).__name__
+        loaded: list[DeclarativeBase] = []
+
+        async with get_transaction(session):
+            for instance in instances:
+                if strategy == LoadStrategy.INSERT:
+                    session.add(instance)
+                    loaded.append(instance)
+
+                elif strategy == LoadStrategy.MERGE:
+                    merged = await session.merge(instance)
+                    loaded.append(merged)
+
+                else:  # LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+                    pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
+                    if pk is not None:
+                        existing = await session.get(type(instance), pk)
+                        if existing is None:
+                            session.add(instance)
+                            loaded.append(instance)
+                    else:
+                        session.add(instance)
+                        loaded.append(instance)
+
+        results[name] = loaded
+        logger.info(f"Loaded fixture '{name}': {len(loaded)} {model_name}(s)")
+
+    return results
+
+
+def _get_primary_key(instance: DeclarativeBase) -> Any | None:
+    """Get the primary key value of a model instance."""
+    mapper = instance.__class__.__mapper__
+    pk_cols = mapper.primary_key
+
+    if len(pk_cols) == 1:
+        return getattr(instance, pk_cols[0].name, None)
+
+    pk_values = tuple(getattr(instance, col.name, None) for col in pk_cols)
+    if all(v is not None for v in pk_values):
+        return pk_values
+    return None
 
 
 def get_obj_by_attr(
-    fixtures: Callable[[], Sequence[T]], attr_name: str, value: Any
+    fixtures: Callable[[], Sequence[ModelType]], attr_name: str, value: Any
-) -> T:
+) -> ModelType:
     """Get a SQLAlchemy model instance by matching an attribute value.
 
     Args:
@@ -57,11 +117,6 @@ async def load_fixtures(
 
     Returns:
         Dict mapping fixture names to loaded instances
-
-    Example:
-        # Loads 'roles' first (dependency), then 'users'
-        result = await load_fixtures(session, fixtures, "users")
-        print(result["users"])  # [User(...), ...]
     """
     ordered = registry.resolve_dependencies(*names)
     return await _load_ordered(session, registry, ordered, strategy)
@@ -83,74 +138,6 @@ async def load_fixtures_by_context(
 
     Returns:
         Dict mapping fixture names to loaded instances
-
-    Example:
-        # Load base + testing fixtures
-        await load_fixtures_by_context(
-            session, fixtures,
-            Context.BASE, Context.TESTING
-        )
     """
     ordered = registry.resolve_context_dependencies(*contexts)
     return await _load_ordered(session, registry, ordered, strategy)
-
-
-async def _load_ordered(
-    session: AsyncSession,
-    registry: FixtureRegistry,
-    ordered_names: list[str],
-    strategy: LoadStrategy,
-) -> dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]]:
-    """Load fixtures in order."""
-    results: dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]] = {}
-
-    for name in ordered_names:
-        fixture = registry.get(name)
-        instances = list(fixture.func())
-
-        if not instances:
-            results[name] = []
-            continue
-
-        model_name = type(instances[0]).__name__
-        loaded: list[DeclarativeBase] = []
-
-        async with get_transaction(session):
-            for instance in instances:
-                if strategy == LoadStrategy.INSERT:
-                    session.add(instance)
-                    loaded.append(instance)
-
-                elif strategy == LoadStrategy.MERGE:
-                    merged = await session.merge(instance)
-                    loaded.append(merged)
-
-                elif strategy == LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING:
-                    pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
-                    if pk is not None:
-                        existing = await session.get(type(instance), pk)
-                        if existing is None:
-                            session.add(instance)
-                            loaded.append(instance)
-                    else:
-                        session.add(instance)
-                        loaded.append(instance)
-
-        results[name] = loaded
-        logger.info(f"Loaded fixture '{name}': {len(loaded)} {model_name}(s)")
-
-    return results
-
-
-def _get_primary_key(instance: DeclarativeBase) -> Any | None:
-    """Get the primary key value of a model instance."""
-    mapper = instance.__class__.__mapper__
-    pk_cols = mapper.primary_key
-
-    if len(pk_cols) == 1:
-        return getattr(instance, pk_cols[0].name, None)
-
-    pk_values = tuple(getattr(instance, col.name, None) for col in pk_cols)
-    if all(v is not None for v in pk_values):
-        return pk_values
-    return None

src/fastapi_toolsets/logger.py

@@ -37,10 +37,12 @@ def configure_logging(
         The configured Logger instance.
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         from fastapi_toolsets.logger import configure_logging
 
         logger = configure_logging("DEBUG")
         logger.info("Application started")
+        ```
     """
     formatter = logging.Formatter(fmt)
 
@@ -83,11 +85,13 @@ def get_logger(name: str | None = _SENTINEL) -> logging.Logger:  # type: ignore[
         A Logger instance.
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         from fastapi_toolsets.logger import get_logger
 
         logger = get_logger()          # uses caller's __name__
         logger = get_logger("myapp")   # explicit name
         logger = get_logger(None)      # root logger
+        ```
     """
     if name is _SENTINEL:
         name = sys._getframe(1).f_globals.get("__name__")

src/fastapi_toolsets/metrics/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""Prometheus metrics integration for FastAPI applications."""
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from .registry import Metric, MetricsRegistry
+
+try:
+    from .handler import init_metrics
+except ImportError:
+
+    def init_metrics(*_args: Any, **_kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        from .._imports import require_extra
+
+        require_extra(package="prometheus_client", extra="metrics")
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Metric",
+    "MetricsRegistry",
+    "init_metrics",
+]

src/fastapi_toolsets/metrics/handler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+"""Prometheus metrics endpoint for FastAPI applications."""
+
+import asyncio
+import os
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import Response
+from prometheus_client import (
+    CONTENT_TYPE_LATEST,
+    CollectorRegistry,
+    generate_latest,
+    multiprocess,
+)
+
+from ..logger import get_logger
+from .registry import MetricsRegistry
+
+logger = get_logger()
+
+
+def _is_multiprocess() -> bool:
+    """Check if prometheus multi-process mode is enabled."""
+    return "PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR" in os.environ
+
+
+def init_metrics(
+    app: FastAPI,
+    registry: MetricsRegistry,
+    *,
+    path: str = "/metrics",
+) -> FastAPI:
+    """Register a Prometheus ``/metrics`` endpoint on a FastAPI app.
+
+    Args:
+        app: FastAPI application instance.
+        registry: A :class:`MetricsRegistry` containing providers and collectors.
+        path: URL path for the metrics endpoint (default ``/metrics``).
+
+    Returns:
+        The same FastAPI instance (for chaining).
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
+        from fastapi_toolsets.metrics import MetricsRegistry, init_metrics
+
+        metrics = MetricsRegistry()
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_metrics(app, registry=metrics)
+        ```
+    """
+    for provider in registry.get_providers():
+        logger.debug("Initialising metric provider '%s'", provider.name)
+        registry._instances[provider.name] = provider.func()
+
+    # Partition collectors and cache env check at startup — both are stable for the app lifetime.
+    async_collectors = [
+        c for c in registry.get_collectors() if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(c.func)
+    ]
+    sync_collectors = [
+        c for c in registry.get_collectors() if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(c.func)
+    ]
+    multiprocess_mode = _is_multiprocess()
+
+    @app.get(path, include_in_schema=False)
+    async def metrics_endpoint() -> Response:
+        for collector in sync_collectors:
+            collector.func()
+        for collector in async_collectors:
+            await collector.func()
+
+        if multiprocess_mode:
+            prom_registry = CollectorRegistry()
+            multiprocess.MultiProcessCollector(prom_registry)
+            output = generate_latest(prom_registry)
+        else:
+            output = generate_latest()
+
+        return Response(content=output, media_type=CONTENT_TYPE_LATEST)
+
+    return app

src/fastapi_toolsets/metrics/registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""Metrics registry with decorator-based registration."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from ..logger import get_logger
+
+logger = get_logger()
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Metric:
+    """A metric definition with metadata."""
+
+    name: str
+    func: Callable[..., Any]
+    collect: bool = field(default=False)
+
+
+class MetricsRegistry:
+    """Registry for managing Prometheus metric providers and collectors."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._metrics: dict[str, Metric] = {}
+        self._instances: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+    def register(
+        self,
+        func: Callable[..., Any] | None = None,
+        *,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        collect: bool = False,
+    ) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+        """Register a metric provider or collector function.
+
+        Can be used as a decorator with or without arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            func: The metric function to register.
+            name: Metric name (defaults to function name).
+            collect: If ``True``, the function is called on every scrape.
+                If ``False`` (default), called once at init time.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(fn: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+            metric_name = name or cast(Any, fn).__name__
+            self._metrics[metric_name] = Metric(
+                name=metric_name,
+                func=fn,
+                collect=collect,
+            )
+            return fn
+
+        if func is not None:
+            return decorator(func)
+        return decorator
+
+    def get(self, name: str) -> Any:
+        """Return the metric instance created by a provider.
+
+        Args:
+            name: The metric name (defaults to the provider function name).
+
+        Raises:
+            KeyError: If the metric name is unknown or ``init_metrics`` has not
+                been called yet.
+        """
+        if name not in self._instances:
+            if name in self._metrics:
+                raise KeyError(
+                    f"Metric '{name}' exists but has not been initialized yet. "
+                    "Ensure init_metrics() has been called before accessing metric instances."
+                )
+            raise KeyError(f"Unknown metric '{name}'.")
+        return self._instances[name]
+
+    def include_registry(self, registry: "MetricsRegistry") -> None:
+        """Include another :class:`MetricsRegistry` into this one.
+
+        Args:
+            registry: The registry to merge in.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If a metric name already exists in the current registry.
+        """
+        for metric_name, definition in registry._metrics.items():
+            if metric_name in self._metrics:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Metric '{metric_name}' already exists in the current registry"
+                )
+            self._metrics[metric_name] = definition
+
+    def get_all(self) -> list[Metric]:
+        """Get all registered metric definitions."""
+        return list(self._metrics.values())
+
+    def get_providers(self) -> list[Metric]:
+        """Get metric providers (called once at init)."""
+        return [m for m in self._metrics.values() if not m.collect]
+
+    def get_collectors(self) -> list[Metric]:
+        """Get collectors (called on each scrape)."""
+        return [m for m in self._metrics.values() if m.collect]

src/fastapi_toolsets/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""SQLAlchemy model mixins for common column patterns."""
+
+import uuid
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, Uuid, text
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
+
+__all__ = [
+    "UUIDMixin",
+    "UUIDv7Mixin",
+    "CreatedAtMixin",
+    "UpdatedAtMixin",
+    "TimestampMixin",
+]
+
+
+class UUIDMixin:
+    """Mixin that adds a UUID primary key auto-generated by the database."""
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
+        Uuid,
+        primary_key=True,
+        server_default=text("gen_random_uuid()"),
+    )
+
+
+class UUIDv7Mixin:
+    """Mixin that adds a UUIDv7 primary key auto-generated by the database."""
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(
+        Uuid,
+        primary_key=True,
+        server_default=text("uuidv7()"),
+    )
+
+
+class CreatedAtMixin:
+    """Mixin that adds a ``created_at`` timestamp column."""
+
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True),
+        server_default=text("clock_timestamp()"),
+    )
+
+
+class UpdatedAtMixin:
+    """Mixin that adds an ``updated_at`` timestamp column."""
+
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True),
+        server_default=text("clock_timestamp()"),
+        onupdate=text("clock_timestamp()"),
+    )
+
+
+class TimestampMixin(CreatedAtMixin, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    """Mixin that combines ``created_at`` and ``updated_at`` timestamp columns."""

src/fastapi_toolsets/pytest/__init__.py

@@ -1,13 +1,24 @@
 """Pytest helpers for FastAPI testing: sessions, clients, and fixtures."""
 
-from .plugin import register_fixtures
+try:
-from .utils import (
+    from .plugin import register_fixtures
-    cleanup_tables,
+except ImportError:
-    create_async_client,
+    from .._imports import require_extra
-    create_db_session,
+
-    create_worker_database,
+    require_extra(package="pytest", extra="pytest")
-    worker_database_url,
+
-)
+try:
+    from .utils import (
+        cleanup_tables,
+        create_async_client,
+        create_db_session,
+        create_worker_database,
+        worker_database_url,
+    )
+except ImportError:
+    from .._imports import require_extra
+
+    require_extra(package="httpx", extra="pytest")
 
 __all__ = [
     "cleanup_tables",

src/fastapi_toolsets/pytest/plugin.py

@@ -1,55 +1,4 @@
-"""Pytest plugin for using FixtureRegistry fixtures in tests.
+"""Pytest plugin for using FixtureRegistry fixtures in tests."""
-
-This module provides utilities to automatically generate pytest fixtures
-from your FixtureRegistry, with proper dependency resolution.
-
-Example:
-    # conftest.py
-    import pytest
-    from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
-
-    from app.fixtures import fixtures  # Your FixtureRegistry
-    from app.models import Base
-    from fastapi_toolsets.pytest_plugin import register_fixtures
-
-    DATABASE_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/test_db"
-
-    @pytest.fixture
-    async def engine():
-        engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL)
-        yield engine
-        await engine.dispose()
-
-    @pytest.fixture
-    async def db_session(engine):
-        async with engine.begin() as conn:
-            await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
-
-        session_factory = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
-        session = session_factory()
-
-        try:
-            yield session
-        finally:
-            await session.close()
-            async with engine.begin() as conn:
-                await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)
-
-    # Automatically generate pytest fixtures from registry
-    # Creates: fixture_roles, fixture_users, fixture_posts, etc.
-    register_fixtures(fixtures, globals())
-
-Usage in tests:
-    # test_users.py
-    async def test_user_count(db_session, fixture_users):
-        # fixture_users automatically loads fixture_roles first (if dependency)
-        # and returns the list of User models
-        assert len(fixture_users) > 0
-
-    async def test_user_role(db_session, fixture_users):
-        user = fixture_users[0]
-        assert user.role_id is not None
-"""
 
 from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
 from typing import Any
@@ -86,6 +35,7 @@ def register_fixtures(
         List of created fixture names
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         # conftest.py
         from app.fixtures import fixtures
         from fastapi_toolsets.pytest_plugin import register_fixtures
@@ -96,6 +46,7 @@ def register_fixtures(
         # - fixture_roles
         # - fixture_users (depends on fixture_roles if users depends on roles)
         # - fixture_posts (depends on fixture_users if posts depends on users)
+        ```
     """
     created_fixtures: list[str] = []
 

src/fastapi_toolsets/pytest/utils.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """Pytest helper utilities for FastAPI testing."""
 
 import os
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from typing import Any
 
 from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
-from sqlalchemy import text
 from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
     AsyncSession,
@@ -15,102 +15,33 @@ from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
 )
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
-from ..db import create_db_context
+from sqlalchemy import text
+
+from ..db import (
+    cleanup_tables as _cleanup_tables,
+    create_database,
+    create_db_context,
+)
 
 
-@asynccontextmanager
+async def cleanup_tables(
-async def create_async_client(
+    session: AsyncSession,
-    app: Any,
-    base_url: str = "http://test",
-) -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncClient, None]:
-    """Create an async httpx client for testing FastAPI applications.
-
-    Args:
-        app: FastAPI application instance.
-        base_url: Base URL for requests. Defaults to "http://test".
-
-    Yields:
-        An AsyncClient configured for the app.
-
-    Example:
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_async_client
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-
-        @pytest.fixture
-        async def client():
-            async with create_async_client(app) as c:
-                yield c
-
-        async def test_endpoint(client: AsyncClient):
-            response = await client.get("/health")
-            assert response.status_code == 200
-    """
-    transport = ASGITransport(app=app)
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url=base_url) as client:
-        yield client
-
-
-@asynccontextmanager
-async def create_db_session(
-    database_url: str,
     base: type[DeclarativeBase],
-    *,
+) -> None:
-    echo: bool = False,
+    """Truncate all tables for fast between-test cleanup.
-    expire_on_commit: bool = False,
-    drop_tables: bool = True,
-) -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
-    """Create a database session for testing.
 
-    Creates tables before yielding the session and optionally drops them after.
+    .. deprecated::
-    Each call creates a fresh engine and session for test isolation.
+        Import ``cleanup_tables`` from ``fastapi_toolsets.db`` instead.
-
+        This re-export will be removed in v3.0.0.
-    Args:
-        database_url: Database connection URL (e.g., "postgresql+asyncpg://...").
-        base: SQLAlchemy DeclarativeBase class containing model metadata.
-        echo: Enable SQLAlchemy query logging. Defaults to False.
-        expire_on_commit: Expire objects after commit. Defaults to False.
-        drop_tables: Drop tables after test. Defaults to True.
-
-    Yields:
-        An AsyncSession ready for database operations.
-
-    Example:
-        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_db_session
-        from app.models import Base
-
-        DATABASE_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db"
-
-        @pytest.fixture
-        async def db_session():
-            async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base) as session:
-                yield session
-
-        async def test_create_user(db_session: AsyncSession):
-            user = User(name="test")
-            db_session.add(user)
-            await db_session.commit()
     """
-    engine = create_async_engine(database_url, echo=echo)
+    warnings.warn(
-
+        "Importing cleanup_tables from fastapi_toolsets.pytest is deprecated "
-    try:
+        "and will be removed in v3.0.0. "
-        # Create tables
+        "Use 'from fastapi_toolsets.db import cleanup_tables' instead.",
-        async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        DeprecationWarning,
-            await conn.run_sync(base.metadata.create_all)
+        stacklevel=2,
-
+    )
-        # Create session using existing db context utility
+    await _cleanup_tables(session=session, base=base)
-        session_maker = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=expire_on_commit)
-        get_session = create_db_context(session_maker)
-
-        async with get_session() as session:
-            yield session
-
-        if drop_tables:
-            async with engine.begin() as conn:
-                await conn.run_sync(base.metadata.drop_all)
-    finally:
-        await engine.dispose()
 
 
 def _get_xdist_worker(default_test_db: str) -> str:
@@ -145,21 +76,6 @@ def worker_database_url(database_url: str, default_test_db: str) -> str:
 
     Returns:
         A database URL with a worker- or default-specific database name.
-
-    Example:
-        # With PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER="gw0":
-        url = worker_database_url(
-            "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db",
-            default_test_db="test",
-        )
-        # "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db_gw0"
-
-        # Without PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER:
-        url = worker_database_url(
-            "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db",
-            default_test_db="test",
-        )
-        # "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db_test"
     """
     worker = _get_xdist_worker(default_test_db=default_test_db)
 
@@ -175,16 +91,16 @@ async def create_worker_database(
 ) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
     """Create and drop a per-worker database for pytest-xdist isolation.
 
-    Intended for use as a **session-scoped** fixture.  Connects to the server
+    Derives a worker-specific database URL using :func:`worker_database_url`,
-    using the original *database_url* (with ``AUTOCOMMIT`` isolation for DDL),
+    then delegates to :func:`~fastapi_toolsets.db.create_database` to create
-    creates a dedicated database for the worker, and yields the worker-specific
+    and drop it.  Intended for use as a **session-scoped** fixture.
-    URL.  On cleanup the worker database is dropped.
 
     When running under xdist the database name is suffixed with the worker
     name (e.g. ``_gw0``).  Otherwise it is suffixed with *default_test_db*.
 
     Args:
-        database_url: Original database connection URL.
+        database_url: Original database connection URL (used as the server
+            connection and as the base for the worker database name).
         default_test_db: Suffix appended to the database name when
             ``PYTEST_XDIST_WORKER`` is not set. Defaults to ``"test_db"``.
 
@@ -192,9 +108,8 @@ async def create_worker_database(
         The worker-specific database URL.
 
     Example:
-        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import (
+        ```python
-            create_worker_database, create_db_session, cleanup_tables
+        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_worker_database, create_db_session
-        )
 
         DATABASE_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost/test_db"
 
@@ -205,23 +120,22 @@ async def create_worker_database(
 
         @pytest.fixture
         async def db_session(worker_db_url):
-            async with create_db_session(worker_db_url, Base) as session:
+            async with create_db_session(
+                worker_db_url, Base, cleanup=True
+            ) as session:
                 yield session
-                await cleanup_tables(session, Base)
+        ```
     """
     worker_url = worker_database_url(
         database_url=database_url, default_test_db=default_test_db
     )
-    worker_db_name = make_url(worker_url).database
+    worker_db_name: str = make_url(worker_url).database  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
-    engine = create_async_engine(
+    engine = create_async_engine(database_url, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
-        database_url,
-        isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT",
-    )
     try:
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {worker_db_name}"))
-            await conn.execute(text(f"CREATE DATABASE {worker_db_name}"))
+        await create_database(db_name=worker_db_name, server_url=database_url)
 
         yield worker_url
 
@@ -231,33 +145,141 @@ async def create_worker_database(
         await engine.dispose()
 
 
-async def cleanup_tables(
+@asynccontextmanager
-    session: AsyncSession,
+async def create_async_client(
-    base: type[DeclarativeBase],
+    app: Any,
-) -> None:
+    base_url: str = "http://test",
-    """Truncate all tables for fast between-test cleanup.
+    dependency_overrides: dict[Callable[..., Any], Callable[..., Any]] | None = None,
-
+) -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncClient, None]:
-    Executes a single ``TRUNCATE … RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE`` statement
+    """Create an async httpx client for testing FastAPI applications.
-    across every table in *base*'s metadata, which is significantly faster
-    than dropping and re-creating tables between tests.
-
-    This is a no-op when the metadata contains no tables.
 
     Args:
-        session: An active async database session.
+        app: FastAPI application instance.
-        base: SQLAlchemy DeclarativeBase class containing model metadata.
+        base_url: Base URL for requests. Defaults to "http://test".
+        dependency_overrides: Optional mapping of original dependencies to
+            their test replacements. Applied via ``app.dependency_overrides``
+            before yielding and cleaned up after.
+
+    Yields:
+        An AsyncClient configured for the app.
 
     Example:
-        @pytest.fixture
+        ```python
-        async def db_session(worker_db_url):
+        from fastapi import FastAPI
-            async with create_db_session(worker_db_url, Base) as session:
+        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_async_client
-                yield session
-                await cleanup_tables(session, Base)
-    """
-    tables = base.metadata.sorted_tables
-    if not tables:
-        return
 
-    table_names = ", ".join(f'"{t.name}"' for t in tables)
+        app = FastAPI()
-    await session.execute(text(f"TRUNCATE {table_names} RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE"))
+
-    await session.commit()
+        @pytest.fixture
+        async def client():
+            async with create_async_client(app) as c:
+                yield c
+
+        async def test_endpoint(client: AsyncClient):
+            response = await client.get("/health")
+            assert response.status_code == 200
+        ```
+
+    Example with dependency overrides:
+        ```python
+        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_async_client, create_db_session
+        from app.db import get_db
+
+        @pytest.fixture
+        async def db_session():
+            async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, cleanup=True) as session:
+                yield session
+
+        @pytest.fixture
+        async def client(db_session):
+            async def override():
+                yield db_session
+
+            async with create_async_client(
+                app, dependency_overrides={get_db: override}
+            ) as c:
+                yield c
+        ```
+    """
+    if dependency_overrides:
+        app.dependency_overrides.update(dependency_overrides)
+
+    transport = ASGITransport(app=app)
+    try:
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url=base_url) as client:
+            yield client
+    finally:
+        if dependency_overrides:
+            for key in dependency_overrides:
+                app.dependency_overrides.pop(key, None)
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def create_db_session(
+    database_url: str,
+    base: type[DeclarativeBase],
+    *,
+    echo: bool = False,
+    expire_on_commit: bool = False,
+    drop_tables: bool = True,
+    cleanup: bool = False,
+) -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:
+    """Create a database session for testing.
+
+    Creates tables before yielding the session and optionally drops them after.
+    Each call creates a fresh engine and session for test isolation.
+
+    Args:
+        database_url: Database connection URL (e.g., "postgresql+asyncpg://...").
+        base: SQLAlchemy DeclarativeBase class containing model metadata.
+        echo: Enable SQLAlchemy query logging. Defaults to False.
+        expire_on_commit: Expire objects after commit. Defaults to False.
+        drop_tables: Drop tables after test. Defaults to True.
+        cleanup: Truncate all tables after test using
+            :func:`cleanup_tables`. Defaults to False.
+
+    Yields:
+        An AsyncSession ready for database operations.
+
+    Example:
+        ```python
+        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_db_session
+        from app.models import Base
+
+        DATABASE_URL = "postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@localhost/test_db"
+
+        @pytest.fixture
+        async def db_session():
+            async with create_db_session(
+                DATABASE_URL, Base, cleanup=True
+            ) as session:
+                yield session
+
+        async def test_create_user(db_session: AsyncSession):
+            user = User(name="test")
+            db_session.add(user)
+            await db_session.commit()
+        ```
+    """
+    engine = create_async_engine(database_url, echo=echo)
+
+    try:
+        # Create tables
+        async with engine.begin() as conn:
+            await conn.run_sync(base.metadata.create_all)
+
+        # Create session using existing db context utility
+        session_maker = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=expire_on_commit)
+        get_session = create_db_context(session_maker)
+
+        async with get_session() as session:
+            yield session
+
+            if cleanup:
+                await cleanup_tables(session, base)
+
+        if drop_tables:
+            async with engine.begin() as conn:
+                await conn.run_sync(base.metadata.drop_all)
+    finally:
+        await engine.dispose()

src/fastapi_toolsets/schemas.py

@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
 """Base Pydantic schemas for API responses."""
 
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import ClassVar, Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Annotated, Any, ClassVar, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, Union
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+from .types import DataT
 
 __all__ = [
     "ApiError",
+    "CursorPagination",
+    "CursorPaginatedResponse",
     "ErrorResponse",
-    "Pagination",
+    "OffsetPagination",
+    "OffsetPaginatedResponse",
     "PaginatedResponse",
+    "PaginationType",
     "PydanticBase",
     "Response",
     "ResponseStatus",
 ]
 
-DataT = TypeVar("DataT")
-
 
 class PydanticBase(BaseModel):
     """Base class for all Pydantic models with common configuration."""
@@ -50,6 +54,7 @@ class ApiError(PydanticBase):
     msg: str
     desc: str
     err_code: str
+    data: Any | None = None
 
 
 class BaseResponse(PydanticBase):
@@ -70,7 +75,9 @@ class Response(BaseResponse, Generic[DataT]):
     """Generic API response with data payload.
 
     Example:
+        ```python
         Response[UserRead](data=user, message="User retrieved")
+        ```
     """
 
     data: DataT | None = None
@@ -84,11 +91,11 @@ class ErrorResponse(BaseResponse):
 
     status: ResponseStatus = ResponseStatus.FAIL
     description: str | None = None
-    data: None = None
+    data: Any | None = None
 
 
-class Pagination(PydanticBase):
+class OffsetPagination(PydanticBase):
-    """Pagination metadata for list responses.
+    """Pagination metadata for offset-based list responses.
 
     Attributes:
         total_count: Total number of items across all pages
@@ -103,15 +110,82 @@ class Pagination(PydanticBase):
     has_more: bool
 
 
+class CursorPagination(PydanticBase):
+    """Pagination metadata for cursor-based list responses.
+
+    Attributes:
+        next_cursor: Encoded cursor for the next page, or None on the last page.
+        prev_cursor: Encoded cursor for the previous page, or None on the first page.
+        items_per_page: Number of items requested per page.
+        has_more: Whether there is at least one more page after this one.
+    """
+
+    next_cursor: str | None
+    prev_cursor: str | None = None
+    items_per_page: int
+    has_more: bool
+
+
+class PaginationType(str, Enum):
+    """Pagination strategy selector for :meth:`.AsyncCrud.paginate`."""
+
+    OFFSET = "offset"
+    CURSOR = "cursor"
+
+
 class PaginatedResponse(BaseResponse, Generic[DataT]):
     """Paginated API response for list endpoints.
 
-    Example:
+    Base class and return type for endpoints that support both pagination
-        PaginatedResponse[UserRead](
+    strategies.  Use :class:`OffsetPaginatedResponse` or
-            data=users,
+    :class:`CursorPaginatedResponse` when the strategy is fixed.
-            pagination=Pagination(total_count=100, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=True)
+
-        )
+    When used as ``PaginatedResponse[T]`` in a return annotation, subscripting
+    returns ``Annotated[Union[CursorPaginatedResponse[T], OffsetPaginatedResponse[T]], Field(discriminator="pagination_type")]``
+    so FastAPI emits a proper ``oneOf`` + discriminator in the OpenAPI schema.
     """
 
     data: list[DataT]
-    pagination: Pagination
+    pagination: OffsetPagination | CursorPagination
+    pagination_type: PaginationType | None = None
+    filter_attributes: dict[str, list[Any]] | None = None
+
+    _discriminated_union_cache: ClassVar[dict[Any, Any]] = {}
+
+    def __class_getitem__(  # type: ignore[invalid-method-override]
+        cls, item: type[Any] | tuple[type[Any], ...]
+    ) -> type[Any]:
+        if cls is PaginatedResponse and not isinstance(item, TypeVar):
+            cached = cls._discriminated_union_cache.get(item)
+            if cached is None:
+                cached = Annotated[
+                    Union[CursorPaginatedResponse[item], OffsetPaginatedResponse[item]],  # type: ignore[invalid-type-form]
+                    Field(discriminator="pagination_type"),
+                ]
+                cls._discriminated_union_cache[item] = cached
+            return cached  # type: ignore[invalid-return-type]
+        return super().__class_getitem__(item)
+
+
+class OffsetPaginatedResponse(PaginatedResponse[DataT]):
+    """Paginated response with typed offset-based pagination metadata.
+
+    The ``pagination_type`` field is always ``"offset"`` and acts as a
+    discriminator, allowing frontend clients to narrow the union type returned
+    by a unified ``paginate()`` endpoint.
+    """
+
+    pagination: OffsetPagination
+    pagination_type: Literal[PaginationType.OFFSET] = PaginationType.OFFSET
+
+
+class CursorPaginatedResponse(PaginatedResponse[DataT]):
+    """Paginated response with typed cursor-based pagination metadata.
+
+    The ``pagination_type`` field is always ``"cursor"`` and acts as a
+    discriminator, allowing frontend clients to narrow the union type returned
+    by a unified ``paginate()`` endpoint.
+    """
+
+    pagination: CursorPagination
+    pagination_type: Literal[PaginationType.CURSOR] = PaginationType.CURSOR

src/fastapi_toolsets/types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Shared type aliases for the fastapi-toolsets package."""
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, QueryableAttribute
+from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import InstrumentedAttribute
+from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import ColumnElement
+
+# Generic TypeVars
+DataT = TypeVar("DataT")
+ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=DeclarativeBase)
+SchemaType = TypeVar("SchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
+
+# CRUD type aliases
+JoinType = list[tuple[type[DeclarativeBase], Any]]
+M2MFieldType = Mapping[str, QueryableAttribute[Any]]
+OrderByClause = ColumnElement[Any] | QueryableAttribute[Any]
+
+# Search / facet type aliases
+SearchFieldType = InstrumentedAttribute[Any] | tuple[InstrumentedAttribute[Any], ...]
+FacetFieldType = SearchFieldType
+
+# Dependency type aliases
+SessionDependency = Callable[[], AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]]

tests/conftest.py

@@ -5,24 +5,32 @@ import uuid
 
 import pytest
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey, String, Uuid
+import datetime
+import decimal
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    Column,
+    Date,
+    DateTime,
+    ForeignKey,
+    Integer,
+    Numeric,
+    String,
+    Table,
+    Uuid,
+)
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.crud import CrudFactory
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PydanticBase
 
-# PostgreSQL connection URL from environment or default for local development
+DATABASE_URL = os.getenv(
-DATABASE_URL = os.getenv("DATABASE_URL") or os.getenv(
+    key="DATABASE_URL",
-    "TEST_DATABASE_URL",
+    default="postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/postgres",
-    "postgresql+asyncpg://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/fastapi_toolsets_test",
 )
 
 
-# =============================================================================
-# Test Models
-# =============================================================================
-
-
 class Base(DeclarativeBase):
     """Base class for test models."""
 
@@ -56,6 +64,64 @@ class User(Base):
     role: Mapped[Role | None] = relationship(back_populates="users")
 
 
+class Tag(Base):
+    """Test tag model."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "tags"
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(Uuid, primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), unique=True)
+
+
+post_tags = Table(
+    "post_tags",
+    Base.metadata,
+    Column(
+        "post_id", Uuid, ForeignKey("posts.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), primary_key=True
+    ),
+    Column("tag_id", Uuid, ForeignKey("tags.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), primary_key=True),
+)
+
+
+class IntRole(Base):
+    """Test role model with auto-increment integer PK."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "int_roles"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), unique=True)
+
+
+class Permission(Base):
+    """Test model with composite primary key."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "permissions"
+
+    subject: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), primary_key=True)
+    action: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), primary_key=True)
+
+
+class Event(Base):
+    """Test model with DateTime and Date cursor columns."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "events"
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(Uuid, primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    occurred_at: Mapped[datetime.datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime)
+    scheduled_date: Mapped[datetime.date] = mapped_column(Date)
+
+
+class Product(Base):
+    """Test model with Numeric cursor column."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "products"
+
+    id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(Uuid, primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100))
+    price: Mapped[decimal.Decimal] = mapped_column(Numeric(10, 2))
+
+
 class Post(Base):
     """Test post model."""
 
@@ -67,10 +133,7 @@ class Post(Base):
     is_published: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=False)
     author_id: Mapped[uuid.UUID] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
 
-
+    tags: Mapped[list[Tag]] = relationship(secondary=post_tags)
-# =============================================================================
-# Test Schemas
-# =============================================================================
 
 
 class RoleCreate(BaseModel):
@@ -80,6 +143,13 @@ class RoleCreate(BaseModel):
     name: str
 
 
+class RoleRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading a role."""
+
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    name: str
+
+
 class RoleUpdate(BaseModel):
     """Schema for updating a role."""
 
@@ -96,6 +166,14 @@ class UserCreate(BaseModel):
     role_id: uuid.UUID | None = None
 
 
+class UserRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading a user (subset of fields — no email)."""
+
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    username: str
+    is_active: bool = True
+
+
 class UserUpdate(BaseModel):
     """Schema for updating a user."""
 
@@ -105,6 +183,13 @@ class UserUpdate(BaseModel):
     role_id: uuid.UUID | None = None
 
 
+class TagCreate(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for creating a tag."""
+
+    id: uuid.UUID | None = None
+    name: str
+
+
 class PostCreate(BaseModel):
     """Schema for creating a post."""
 
@@ -123,18 +208,81 @@ class PostUpdate(BaseModel):
     is_published: bool | None = None
 
 
-# =============================================================================
+class PostM2MCreate(BaseModel):
-# CRUD Classes
+    """Schema for creating a post with M2M tag IDs."""
-# =============================================================================
+
+    id: uuid.UUID | None = None
+    title: str
+    content: str = ""
+    is_published: bool = False
+    author_id: uuid.UUID
+    tag_ids: list[uuid.UUID] = []
+
+
+class PostM2MUpdate(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for updating a post with M2M tag IDs."""
+
+    title: str | None = None
+    content: str | None = None
+    is_published: bool | None = None
+    tag_ids: list[uuid.UUID] | None = None
+
+
+class IntRoleRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading an IntRole."""
+
+    id: int
+    name: str
+
+
+class IntRoleCreate(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for creating an IntRole."""
+
+    name: str
+
+
+class EventRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading an Event."""
+
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    name: str
+
+
+class EventCreate(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for creating an Event."""
+
+    name: str
+    occurred_at: datetime.datetime
+    scheduled_date: datetime.date
+
+
+class ProductRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading a Product."""
+
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    name: str
+
+
+class ProductCreate(BaseModel):
+    """Schema for creating a Product."""
+
+    name: str
+    price: decimal.Decimal
+
 
 RoleCrud = CrudFactory(Role)
+RoleCursorCrud = CrudFactory(Role, cursor_column=Role.id)
+IntRoleCursorCrud = CrudFactory(IntRole, cursor_column=IntRole.id)
 UserCrud = CrudFactory(User)
+UserCursorCrud = CrudFactory(User, cursor_column=User.id)
 PostCrud = CrudFactory(Post)
-
+TagCrud = CrudFactory(Tag)
-
+PostM2MCrud = CrudFactory(Post, m2m_fields={"tag_ids": Post.tags})
-# =============================================================================
+EventCrud = CrudFactory(Event)
-# Fixtures
+EventDateTimeCursorCrud = CrudFactory(Event, cursor_column=Event.occurred_at)
-# =============================================================================
+EventDateCursorCrud = CrudFactory(Event, cursor_column=Event.scheduled_date)
+ProductCrud = CrudFactory(Product)
+ProductNumericCursorCrud = CrudFactory(Product, cursor_column=Product.price)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

tests/test_db.py

@@ -4,18 +4,25 @@ import asyncio
 import uuid
 
 import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import text
+from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.db import (
     LockMode,
+    cleanup_tables,
+    create_database,
     create_db_context,
     create_db_dependency,
     get_transaction,
     lock_tables,
     wait_for_row_change,
 )
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import NotFoundError
+from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import create_db_session
 
-from .conftest import DATABASE_URL, Base, Role, RoleCrud, User
+from .conftest import DATABASE_URL, Base, Role, RoleCrud, User, UserCrud
 
 
 class TestCreateDbDependency:
@@ -307,9 +314,9 @@ class TestWaitForRowChange:
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
     async def test_nonexistent_row_raises(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Raises LookupError when the row does not exist."""
+        """Raises NotFoundError when the row does not exist."""
         fake_id = uuid.uuid4()
-        with pytest.raises(LookupError, match="not found"):
+        with pytest.raises(NotFoundError, match="not found"):
             await wait_for_row_change(db_session, Role, fake_id, interval=0.05)
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
@@ -326,7 +333,7 @@ class TestWaitForRowChange:
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
     async def test_deleted_row_raises(self, db_session: AsyncSession, engine):
-        """Raises LookupError when the row is deleted during polling."""
+        """Raises NotFoundError when the row is deleted during polling."""
         role = Role(name="delete_role")
         db_session.add(role)
         await db_session.commit()
@@ -340,6 +347,86 @@ class TestWaitForRowChange:
                 await other.commit()
 
         delete_task = asyncio.create_task(delete_later())
-        with pytest.raises(LookupError):
+        with pytest.raises(NotFoundError):
             await wait_for_row_change(db_session, Role, role.id, interval=0.05)
         await delete_task
+
+
+class TestCreateDatabase:
+    """Tests for create_database."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_creates_database(self):
+        """Database is created by create_database."""
+        target_url = (
+            make_url(DATABASE_URL)
+            .set(database="test_create_db_general")
+            .render_as_string(hide_password=False)
+        )
+        expected_db: str = make_url(target_url).database  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
+        try:
+            async with engine.connect() as conn:
+                await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {expected_db}"))
+
+            await create_database(db_name=expected_db, server_url=DATABASE_URL)
+
+            async with engine.connect() as conn:
+                result = await conn.execute(
+                    text("SELECT 1 FROM pg_database WHERE datname = :name"),
+                    {"name": expected_db},
+                )
+                assert result.scalar() == 1
+
+            # Cleanup
+            async with engine.connect() as conn:
+                await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {expected_db}"))
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestCleanupTables:
+    """Tests for cleanup_tables helper."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_truncates_all_tables(self):
+        """All table rows are removed after cleanup_tables."""
+        async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as session:
+            role = Role(id=uuid.uuid4(), name="cleanup_role")
+            session.add(role)
+            await session.flush()
+
+            user = User(
+                id=uuid.uuid4(),
+                username="cleanup_user",
+                email="cleanup@test.com",
+                role_id=role.id,
+            )
+            session.add(user)
+            await session.commit()
+
+            # Verify rows exist
+            roles_count = await RoleCrud.count(session)
+            users_count = await UserCrud.count(session)
+            assert roles_count == 1
+            assert users_count == 1
+
+            await cleanup_tables(session, Base)
+
+            # Verify tables are empty
+            roles_count = await RoleCrud.count(session)
+            users_count = await UserCrud.count(session)
+            assert roles_count == 0
+            assert users_count == 0
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_noop_for_empty_metadata(self):
+        """cleanup_tables does not raise when metadata has no tables."""
+
+        class EmptyBase(DeclarativeBase):
+            pass
+
+        async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as session:
+            # Should not raise
+            await cleanup_tables(session, EmptyBase)

tests/test_example_pagination_search.py

@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+"""Live test for the docs/examples/pagination-search.md example.
+
+Spins up the exact FastAPI app described in the example (sourced from
+docs_src/examples/pagination_search/) and exercises it through a real HTTP
+client against a real PostgreSQL database.
+"""
+
+import datetime
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from httpx import ASGITransport, AsyncClient
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+
+from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.db import get_db
+from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.models import Article, Base, Category
+from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.routes import router
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import init_exceptions_handlers
+
+from .conftest import DATABASE_URL
+
+
+def build_app(session: AsyncSession) -> FastAPI:
+    app = FastAPI()
+    init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+    async def override_get_db():
+        yield session
+
+    app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db
+    app.include_router(router)
+    return app
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+async def ex_db_session():
+    """Isolated session for the example models (separate tables from conftest)."""
+    engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, echo=False)
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
+
+    session_factory = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    session = session_factory()
+
+    try:
+        yield session
+    finally:
+        await session.close()
+        async with engine.begin() as conn:
+            await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.drop_all)
+        await engine.dispose()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def client(ex_db_session: AsyncSession):
+    app = build_app(ex_db_session)
+    async with AsyncClient(
+        transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test"
+    ) as ac:
+        yield ac
+
+
+async def seed(session: AsyncSession):
+    """Insert representative fixture data."""
+    python = Category(name="python")
+    backend = Category(name="backend")
+    session.add_all([python, backend])
+    await session.flush()
+
+    now = datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+    session.add_all(
+        [
+            Article(
+                title="FastAPI tips",
+                body="Ten useful tips for FastAPI.",
+                status="published",
+                published=True,
+                category_id=python.id,
+                created_at=now,
+            ),
+            Article(
+                title="SQLAlchemy async",
+                body="How to use async SQLAlchemy.",
+                status="published",
+                published=True,
+                category_id=backend.id,
+                created_at=now + datetime.timedelta(seconds=1),
+            ),
+            Article(
+                title="Draft notes",
+                body="Work in progress.",
+                status="draft",
+                published=False,
+                category_id=None,
+                created_at=now + datetime.timedelta(seconds=2),
+            ),
+        ]
+    )
+    await session.commit()
+
+
+class TestAppSessionDep:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_get_db_yields_async_session(self):
+        """get_db yields a real AsyncSession when called directly."""
+        from docs_src.examples.pagination_search.db import get_db
+
+        gen = get_db()
+        session = await gen.__anext__()
+        assert isinstance(session, AsyncSession)
+        await session.close()
+
+
+class TestOffsetPagination:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_returns_all_articles(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 3
+        assert len(body["data"]) == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_pagination_page_size(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?items_per_page=2&page=1")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert len(body["data"]) == 2
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 3
+        assert body["pagination"]["has_more"] is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_full_text_search(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?search=fastapi")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 1
+        assert body["data"][0]["title"] == "FastAPI tips"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_search_traverses_relationship(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        # "python" matches Category.name, not Article.title or body
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?search=python")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 1
+        assert body["data"][0]["title"] == "FastAPI tips"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_facet_filter_scalar(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?status=published")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 2
+        assert all(a["status"] == "published" for a in body["data"])
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_facet_filter_multi_value(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?status=published&status=draft")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_filter_attributes_in_response(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        fa = body["filter_attributes"]
+        assert set(fa["status"]) == {"draft", "published"}
+        # "name" is unique across all facet fields — no prefix needed
+        assert set(fa["name"]) == {"backend", "python"}
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_filter_attributes_scoped_to_filter(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?status=published")
+
+        body = resp.json()
+        # draft is filtered out → should not appear in filter_attributes
+        assert "draft" not in body["filter_attributes"]["status"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_search_and_filter_combined(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?search=async&status=published")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 1
+        assert body["data"][0]["title"] == "SQLAlchemy async"
+
+
+class TestCursorPagination:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_first_page(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor?items_per_page=2")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert len(body["data"]) == 2
+        assert body["pagination"]["has_more"] is True
+        assert body["pagination"]["next_cursor"] is not None
+        assert body["pagination"]["prev_cursor"] is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_second_page(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        first = await client.get("/articles/cursor?items_per_page=2")
+        next_cursor = first.json()["pagination"]["next_cursor"]
+
+        resp = await client.get(
+            f"/articles/cursor?items_per_page=2&cursor={next_cursor}"
+        )
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert len(body["data"]) == 1
+        assert body["pagination"]["has_more"] is False
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_facet_filter(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor?status=draft")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert len(body["data"]) == 1
+        assert body["data"][0]["status"] == "draft"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_full_text_search(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor?search=sqlalchemy")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert len(body["data"]) == 1
+        assert body["data"][0]["title"] == "SQLAlchemy async"
+
+
+class TestOffsetSorting:
+    """Tests for order_by / order query parameters on the offset endpoint."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_default_order_uses_created_at_asc(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """No order_by → default field (created_at) ASC."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["FastAPI tips", "SQLAlchemy async", "Draft notes"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_title_asc(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        """order_by=title&order=asc returns alphabetical order."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?order_by=title&order=asc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["Draft notes", "FastAPI tips", "SQLAlchemy async"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_title_desc(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        """order_by=title&order=desc returns reverse alphabetical order."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?order_by=title&order=desc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["SQLAlchemy async", "FastAPI tips", "Draft notes"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_created_at_desc(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        """order_by=created_at&order=desc returns newest-first."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?order_by=created_at&order=desc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["Draft notes", "SQLAlchemy async", "FastAPI tips"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_invalid_order_by_returns_422(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """Unknown order_by field returns 422 with SORT-422 error code."""
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/offset?order_by=nonexistent_field")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 422
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["error_code"] == "SORT-422"
+        assert body["status"] == "FAIL"
+
+
+class TestCursorSorting:
+    """Tests for order_by / order query parameters on the cursor endpoint.
+
+    In cursor_paginate the cursor_column is always the primary sort; order_by
+    acts as a secondary tiebreaker. With the seeded articles (all having unique
+    created_at values) the overall ordering is always created_at ASC regardless
+    of the order_by value — only the valid/invalid field check and the response
+    shape are meaningful here.
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_default_order_uses_created_at_asc(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """No order_by → default field (created_at) ASC."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        titles = [a["title"] for a in resp.json()["data"]]
+        assert titles == ["FastAPI tips", "SQLAlchemy async", "Draft notes"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_title_asc_accepted(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """order_by=title is a valid field — request succeeds and returns all articles."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor?order_by=title&order=asc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        assert len(resp.json()["data"]) == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_order_by_title_desc_accepted(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """order_by=title&order=desc is valid — request succeeds and returns all articles."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor?order_by=title&order=desc")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        assert len(resp.json()["data"]) == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_invalid_order_by_returns_422(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """Unknown order_by field returns 422 with SORT-422 error code."""
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/cursor?order_by=nonexistent_field")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 422
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["error_code"] == "SORT-422"
+        assert body["status"] == "FAIL"
+
+
+class TestPaginateUnified:
+    """Tests for the unified GET /articles/ endpoint using paginate()."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_defaults_to_offset_pagination(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """Without pagination_type, defaults to offset pagination."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination_type"] == "offset"
+        assert "total_count" in body["pagination"]
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 3
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_explicit_offset_pagination(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        """pagination_type=offset returns OffsetPagination metadata."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get(
+            "/articles/?pagination_type=offset&page=1&items_per_page=2"
+        )
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination_type"] == "offset"
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 3
+        assert body["pagination"]["page"] == 1
+        assert body["pagination"]["has_more"] is True
+        assert len(body["data"]) == 2
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_cursor_pagination_type(self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session):
+        """pagination_type=cursor returns CursorPagination metadata."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/?pagination_type=cursor&items_per_page=2")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination_type"] == "cursor"
+        assert "next_cursor" in body["pagination"]
+        assert "total_count" not in body["pagination"]
+        assert body["pagination"]["has_more"] is True
+        assert len(body["data"]) == 2
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_cursor_pagination_navigate_pages(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """Cursor from first page can be used to fetch the next page."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        first = await client.get("/articles/?pagination_type=cursor&items_per_page=2")
+        assert first.status_code == 200
+        first_body = first.json()
+        next_cursor = first_body["pagination"]["next_cursor"]
+        assert next_cursor is not None
+
+        second = await client.get(
+            f"/articles/?pagination_type=cursor&items_per_page=2&cursor={next_cursor}"
+        )
+        assert second.status_code == 200
+        second_body = second.json()
+        assert second_body["pagination_type"] == "cursor"
+        assert second_body["pagination"]["has_more"] is False
+        assert len(second_body["data"]) == 1
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_cursor_pagination_with_search(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """paginate() with cursor type respects search parameter."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/?pagination_type=cursor&search=fastapi")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination_type"] == "cursor"
+        assert len(body["data"]) == 1
+        assert body["data"][0]["title"] == "FastAPI tips"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_offset_pagination_with_filter(
+        self, client: AsyncClient, ex_db_session
+    ):
+        """paginate() with offset type respects filter_by parameter."""
+        await seed(ex_db_session)
+
+        resp = await client.get("/articles/?pagination_type=offset&status=published")
+
+        assert resp.status_code == 200
+        body = resp.json()
+        assert body["pagination_type"] == "offset"
+        assert body["pagination"]["total_count"] == 2

tests/test_exceptions.py

@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@
 
 import pytest
 from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import (
     ApiException,
     ConflictError,
     ForbiddenError,
+    InvalidOrderFieldError,
     NotFoundError,
     UnauthorizedError,
     generate_error_responses,
@@ -35,8 +37,8 @@ class TestApiException:
         assert error.api_error.msg == "I'm a teapot"
         assert str(error) == "I'm a teapot"
 
-    def test_custom_detail_message(self):
+    def test_detail_overrides_msg_and_str(self):
-        """Custom detail overrides default message."""
+        """detail sets both str(exc) and api_error.msg; class-level msg is unchanged."""
 
         class CustomError(ApiException):
             api_error = ApiError(
@@ -46,8 +48,172 @@ class TestApiException:
                 err_code="BAD-400",
             )
 
-        error = CustomError("Custom message")
+        error = CustomError("Widget not found")
-        assert str(error) == "Custom message"
+        assert str(error) == "Widget not found"
+        assert error.api_error.msg == "Widget not found"
+        assert CustomError.api_error.msg == "Bad Request"  # class unchanged
+
+    def test_desc_override(self):
+        """desc kwarg overrides api_error.desc on the instance only."""
+
+        class MyError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        err = MyError(desc="Custom desc.")
+        assert err.api_error.desc == "Custom desc."
+        assert MyError.api_error.desc == "Default."  # class unchanged
+
+    def test_data_override(self):
+        """data kwarg sets api_error.data on the instance only."""
+
+        class MyError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        err = MyError(data={"key": "value"})
+        assert err.api_error.data == {"key": "value"}
+        assert MyError.api_error.data is None  # class unchanged
+
+    def test_desc_and_data_override(self):
+        """detail, desc and data can all be overridden together."""
+
+        class MyError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        err = MyError("custom msg", desc="New desc.", data={"x": 1})
+        assert str(err) == "custom msg"
+        assert err.api_error.msg == "custom msg"  # detail also updates msg
+        assert err.api_error.desc == "New desc."
+        assert err.api_error.data == {"x": 1}
+        assert err.api_error.code == 400  # other fields unchanged
+
+    def test_class_api_error_not_mutated_after_instance_override(self):
+        """Raising with desc/data does not mutate the class-level api_error."""
+
+        class MyError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        MyError(desc="Changed", data={"x": 1})
+        assert MyError.api_error.desc == "Default."
+        assert MyError.api_error.data is None
+
+    def test_subclass_uses_super_with_desc_and_data(self):
+        """Subclasses can delegate detail/desc/data to super().__init__()."""
+
+        class BuildValidationError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=422,
+                msg="Build Validation Error",
+                desc="The build configuration is invalid.",
+                err_code="BUILD-422",
+            )
+
+            def __init__(self, *errors: str) -> None:
+                super().__init__(
+                    f"{len(errors)} validation error(s)",
+                    desc=", ".join(errors),
+                    data={"errors": [{"message": e} for e in errors]},
+                )
+
+        err = BuildValidationError("Field A is required", "Field B is invalid")
+        assert str(err) == "2 validation error(s)"
+        assert err.api_error.msg == "2 validation error(s)"  # detail set msg
+        assert err.api_error.desc == "Field A is required, Field B is invalid"
+        assert err.api_error.data == {
+            "errors": [
+                {"message": "Field A is required"},
+                {"message": "Field B is invalid"},
+            ]
+        }
+        assert err.api_error.code == 422  # other fields unchanged
+
+    def test_detail_desc_data_in_http_response(self):
+        """detail/desc/data overrides all appear correctly in the FastAPI HTTP response."""
+
+        class DynamicError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Default.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+            def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+                super().__init__(
+                    message,
+                    desc=f"Detail: {message}",
+                    data={"reason": message},
+                )
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/error")
+        async def raise_error():
+            raise DynamicError("something went wrong")
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/error")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 400
+        body = response.json()
+        assert body["message"] == "something went wrong"
+        assert body["description"] == "Detail: something went wrong"
+        assert body["data"] == {"reason": "something went wrong"}
+
+
+class TestApiExceptionGuard:
+    """Tests for the __init_subclass__ api_error guard."""
+
+    def test_missing_api_error_raises_type_error(self):
+        """Defining a subclass without api_error raises TypeError at class creation time."""
+        with pytest.raises(
+            TypeError, match="must define an 'api_error' class attribute"
+        ):
+
+            class BrokenError(ApiException):
+                pass
+
+    def test_abstract_subclass_skips_guard(self):
+        """abstract=True allows intermediate base classes without api_error."""
+
+        class BaseGroupError(ApiException, abstract=True):
+            pass
+
+        # Concrete child must still define it
+        class ConcreteError(BaseGroupError):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Error", desc="Desc.", err_code="ERR-400"
+            )
+
+        err = ConcreteError()
+        assert err.api_error.code == 400
+
+    def test_abstract_child_still_requires_api_error_on_concrete(self):
+        """Concrete subclass of an abstract class must define api_error."""
+
+        class Base(ApiException, abstract=True):
+            pass
+
+        with pytest.raises(
+            TypeError, match="must define an 'api_error' class attribute"
+        ):
+
+            class Concrete(Base):
+                pass
+
+    def test_inherited_api_error_satisfies_guard(self):
+        """Subclass that inherits api_error from a parent does not need its own."""
+
+        class ConcreteError(NotFoundError):
+            pass
+
+        err = ConcreteError()
+        assert err.api_error.code == 404
 
 
 class TestBuiltInExceptions:
@@ -89,7 +255,7 @@ class TestGenerateErrorResponses:
         assert responses[404]["description"] == "Not Found"
 
     def test_generates_multiple_responses(self):
-        """Generates responses for multiple exceptions."""
+        """Generates responses for multiple exceptions with distinct status codes."""
         responses = generate_error_responses(
             UnauthorizedError,
             ForbiddenError,
@@ -100,14 +266,81 @@ class TestGenerateErrorResponses:
         assert 403 in responses
         assert 404 in responses
 
-    def test_response_has_example(self):
+    def test_response_has_named_example(self):
-        """Generated response includes example."""
+        """Generated response uses named examples keyed by err_code."""
         responses = generate_error_responses(NotFoundError)
-        example = responses[404]["content"]["application/json"]["example"]
+        examples = responses[404]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]
 
-        assert example["status"] == "FAIL"
+        assert "RES-404" in examples
-        assert example["error_code"] == "RES-404"
+        value = examples["RES-404"]["value"]
-        assert example["message"] == "Not Found"
+        assert value["status"] == "FAIL"
+        assert value["error_code"] == "RES-404"
+        assert value["message"] == "Not Found"
+        assert value["data"] is None
+
+    def test_response_example_has_summary(self):
+        """Each named example carries a summary equal to api_error.msg."""
+        responses = generate_error_responses(NotFoundError)
+        example = responses[404]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]["RES-404"]
+
+        assert example["summary"] == "Not Found"
+
+    def test_response_example_with_data(self):
+        """Generated response includes data when set on ApiError."""
+
+        class ErrorWithData(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400,
+                msg="Bad Request",
+                desc="Invalid input.",
+                err_code="BAD-400",
+                data={"details": "some context"},
+            )
+
+        responses = generate_error_responses(ErrorWithData)
+        value = responses[400]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]["BAD-400"][
+            "value"
+        ]
+
+        assert value["data"] == {"details": "some context"}
+
+    def test_two_errors_same_code_both_present(self):
+        """Two exceptions with the same HTTP code produce two named examples."""
+
+        class BadRequestA(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Bad A", desc="Reason A.", err_code="ERR-A"
+            )
+
+        class BadRequestB(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Bad B", desc="Reason B.", err_code="ERR-B"
+            )
+
+        responses = generate_error_responses(BadRequestA, BadRequestB)
+
+        assert 400 in responses
+        examples = responses[400]["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]
+        assert "ERR-A" in examples
+        assert "ERR-B" in examples
+        assert examples["ERR-A"]["value"]["message"] == "Bad A"
+        assert examples["ERR-B"]["value"]["message"] == "Bad B"
+
+    def test_two_errors_same_code_single_top_level_entry(self):
+        """Two exceptions with the same HTTP code produce exactly one top-level entry."""
+
+        class BadRequestA(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Bad A", desc="Reason A.", err_code="ERR-A"
+            )
+
+        class BadRequestB(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=400, msg="Bad B", desc="Reason B.", err_code="ERR-B"
+            )
+
+        responses = generate_error_responses(BadRequestA, BadRequestB)
+        assert len([k for k in responses if k == 400]) == 1
 
 
 class TestInitExceptionsHandlers:
@@ -137,6 +370,59 @@ class TestInitExceptionsHandlers:
         assert data["error_code"] == "RES-404"
         assert data["message"] == "Not Found"
 
+    def test_handles_api_exception_without_data(self):
+        """ApiException without data returns null data field."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/error")
+        async def raise_error():
+            raise NotFoundError()
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/error")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 404
+        assert response.json()["data"] is None
+
+    def test_handles_api_exception_with_data(self):
+        """ApiException with data returns the data payload."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        class CustomValidationError(ApiException):
+            api_error = ApiError(
+                code=422,
+                msg="Validation Error",
+                desc="1 validation error(s) detected",
+                err_code="CUSTOM-422",
+                data={
+                    "errors": [
+                        {
+                            "field": "email",
+                            "message": "invalid format",
+                            "type": "value_error",
+                        }
+                    ]
+                },
+            )
+
+        @app.get("/error")
+        async def raise_error():
+            raise CustomValidationError()
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/error")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 422
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["data"] == {
+            "errors": [
+                {"field": "email", "message": "invalid format", "type": "value_error"}
+            ]
+        }
+        assert data["error_code"] == "CUSTOM-422"
+
     def test_handles_validation_error(self):
         """Handles validation errors with structured response."""
         from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -178,13 +464,68 @@ class TestInitExceptionsHandlers:
         assert data["status"] == "FAIL"
         assert data["error_code"] == "SERVER-500"
 
-    def test_custom_openapi_schema(self):
+    def test_handles_http_exception(self):
-        """Customizes OpenAPI schema for 422 responses."""
+        """Handles starlette HTTPException with consistent ErrorResponse envelope."""
         app = FastAPI()
         init_exceptions_handlers(app)
 
+        @app.get("/protected")
+        async def protected():
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Forbidden")
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/protected")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 403
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["status"] == "FAIL"
+        assert data["error_code"] == "HTTP-403"
+        assert data["message"] == "Forbidden"
+
+    def test_handles_http_exception_404_from_route(self):
+        """HTTPException(404) raised inside a route uses the consistent ErrorResponse envelope."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+        async def get_item(item_id: int):
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/items/99")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 404
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["status"] == "FAIL"
+        assert data["error_code"] == "HTTP-404"
+        assert data["message"] == "Item not found"
+
+    def test_handles_http_exception_forwards_headers(self):
+        """HTTPException with WWW-Authenticate header forwards it in the response."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/secure")
+        async def secure():
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=401,
+                detail="Not authenticated",
+                headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
+            )
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/secure")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+        assert response.headers.get("www-authenticate") == "Bearer"
+
+    def test_custom_openapi_schema(self):
+        """Customises OpenAPI schema for 422 responses using named examples."""
         from pydantic import BaseModel
 
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
         class Item(BaseModel):
             name: str
 
@@ -197,8 +538,128 @@ class TestInitExceptionsHandlers:
         post_op = openapi["paths"]["/items"]["post"]
         assert "422" in post_op["responses"]
         resp_422 = post_op["responses"]["422"]
-        example = resp_422["content"]["application/json"]["example"]
+        examples = resp_422["content"]["application/json"]["examples"]
-        assert example["error_code"] == "VAL-422"
+        assert "VAL-422" in examples
+        assert examples["VAL-422"]["value"]["error_code"] == "VAL-422"
+
+    def test_custom_openapi_preserves_app_metadata(self):
+        """_patched_openapi preserves custom FastAPI app-level metadata."""
+        app = FastAPI(
+            title="My API",
+            version="2.0.0",
+            description="Custom description",
+        )
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        schema = app.openapi()
+        assert schema["info"]["title"] == "My API"
+        assert schema["info"]["version"] == "2.0.0"
+
+    def test_handles_response_validation_error(self):
+        """Handles ResponseValidationError with a structured 422 response."""
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        class CountResponse(BaseModel):
+            count: int
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/broken", response_model=CountResponse)
+        async def broken():
+            return {"count": "not-a-number"}  # triggers ResponseValidationError
+
+        client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
+        response = client.get("/broken")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 422
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["status"] == "FAIL"
+        assert data["error_code"] == "VAL-422"
+        assert "errors" in data["data"]
+
+    def test_handles_validation_error_with_non_standard_loc(self):
+        """Validation error with empty loc tuple maps the field to 'root'."""
+        from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/root-error")
+        async def root_error():
+            raise RequestValidationError(
+                [
+                    {
+                        "type": "custom",
+                        "loc": (),
+                        "msg": "root level error",
+                        "input": None,
+                        "url": "",
+                    }
+                ]
+            )
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/root-error")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 422
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["data"]["errors"][0]["field"] == "root"
+
+    def test_openapi_schema_cached_after_first_call(self):
+        """app.openapi() returns the cached schema on subsequent calls."""
+        from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        class Item(BaseModel):
+            name: str
+
+        @app.post("/items")
+        async def create_item(item: Item):
+            return item
+
+        schema_first = app.openapi()
+        schema_second = app.openapi()
+        assert schema_first is schema_second
+
+    def test_openapi_skips_operations_without_422(self):
+        """_patched_openapi leaves operations that have no 422 response unchanged."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/ping")
+        async def ping():
+            return {"ok": True}
+
+        schema = app.openapi()
+        get_op = schema["paths"]["/ping"]["get"]
+        assert "422" not in get_op["responses"]
+        assert "200" in get_op["responses"]
+
+    def test_openapi_skips_non_dict_path_item_values(self):
+        """_patched_openapi ignores non-dict values in path items (e.g. path-level parameters)."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.handler import _patched_openapi
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        def fake_openapi() -> dict:
+            return {
+                "paths": {
+                    "/items": {
+                        "parameters": [
+                            {"name": "q", "in": "query"}
+                        ],  # list, not a dict
+                        "get": {"responses": {"200": {"description": "OK"}}},
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+        schema = _patched_openapi(app, fake_openapi)
+        # The list value was skipped without error; the GET operation is intact
+        assert schema["paths"]["/items"]["parameters"] == [{"name": "q", "in": "query"}]
+        assert "422" not in schema["paths"]["/items"]["get"]["responses"]
 
 
 class TestExceptionIntegration:
@@ -263,3 +724,43 @@ class TestExceptionIntegration:
 
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert response.json() == {"id": 1}
+
+
+class TestInvalidOrderFieldError:
+    """Tests for InvalidOrderFieldError exception."""
+
+    def test_api_error_attributes(self):
+        """InvalidOrderFieldError has correct api_error metadata."""
+        assert InvalidOrderFieldError.api_error.code == 422
+        assert InvalidOrderFieldError.api_error.err_code == "SORT-422"
+        assert InvalidOrderFieldError.api_error.msg == "Invalid Order Field"
+
+    def test_stores_field_and_valid_fields(self):
+        """InvalidOrderFieldError stores field and valid_fields on the instance."""
+        error = InvalidOrderFieldError("unknown", ["name", "created_at"])
+        assert error.field == "unknown"
+        assert error.valid_fields == ["name", "created_at"]
+
+    def test_description_contains_field_and_valid_fields(self):
+        """api_error.desc mentions the bad field and valid options."""
+        error = InvalidOrderFieldError("bad_field", ["name", "email"])
+        assert "bad_field" in error.api_error.desc
+        assert "name" in error.api_error.desc
+        assert "email" in error.api_error.desc
+
+    def test_handled_as_422_by_exception_handler(self):
+        """init_exceptions_handlers turns InvalidOrderFieldError into a 422 response."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+
+        @app.get("/items")
+        async def list_items():
+            raise InvalidOrderFieldError("bad", ["name"])
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/items")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 422
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["error_code"] == "SORT-422"
+        assert data["status"] == "FAIL"

tests/test_fixtures.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import (
     load_fixtures_by_context,
 )
 
-from .conftest import Role, User
+from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.utils import _get_primary_key
+
+from .conftest import IntRole, Permission, Role, User
 
 
 class TestContext:
@@ -597,6 +599,46 @@ class TestLoadFixtures:
         count = await RoleCrud.count(db_session)
         assert count == 2
 
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_skip_existing_skips_if_record_exists(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """SKIP_EXISTING returns empty loaded list when the record already exists."""
+        registry = FixtureRegistry()
+        role_id = uuid.uuid4()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def roles():
+            return [Role(id=role_id, name="admin")]
+
+        # First load — inserts the record.
+        result1 = await load_fixtures(
+            db_session, registry, "roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+        )
+        assert len(result1["roles"]) == 1
+
+        # Remove from identity map so session.get() queries the DB in the second load.
+        db_session.expunge_all()
+
+        # Second load — record exists in DB, nothing should be added.
+        result2 = await load_fixtures(
+            db_session, registry, "roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+        )
+        assert result2["roles"] == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_skip_existing_null_pk_inserts(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """SKIP_EXISTING inserts when the instance has no PK set (auto-increment)."""
+        registry = FixtureRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def int_roles():
+            # No id provided — PK is None before INSERT (autoincrement).
+            return [IntRole(name="member")]
+
+        result = await load_fixtures(
+            db_session, registry, "int_roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+        )
+        assert len(result["int_roles"]) == 1
+
 
 class TestLoadFixturesByContext:
     """Tests for load_fixtures_by_context function."""
@@ -755,3 +797,19 @@ class TestGetObjByAttr:
         """Raises StopIteration when value type doesn't match."""
         with pytest.raises(StopIteration):
             get_obj_by_attr(self.roles, "id", "not-a-uuid")
+
+
+class TestGetPrimaryKey:
+    """Unit tests for the _get_primary_key helper (composite PK paths)."""
+
+    def test_composite_pk_all_set(self):
+        """Returns a tuple when all composite PK values are set."""
+        instance = Permission(subject="post", action="read")
+        pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
+        assert pk == ("post", "read")
+
+    def test_composite_pk_partial_none(self):
+        """Returns None when any composite PK value is None."""
+        instance = Permission(subject="post")  # action is None
+        pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
+        assert pk is None

tests/test_imports.py

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+"""Tests for optional dependency import guards."""
+
+import importlib
+import sys
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from fastapi_toolsets._imports import require_extra
+
+
+class TestRequireExtra:
+    """Tests for the require_extra helper."""
+
+    def test_raises_import_error(self):
+        """require_extra raises ImportError."""
+        with pytest.raises(ImportError):
+            require_extra(package="some_pkg", extra="some_extra")
+
+    def test_error_message_contains_package_name(self):
+        """Error message mentions the missing package."""
+        with pytest.raises(ImportError, match="'prometheus_client'"):
+            require_extra(package="prometheus_client", extra="metrics")
+
+    def test_error_message_contains_install_instruction(self):
+        """Error message contains the pip install command."""
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ImportError, match=r"pip install fastapi-toolsets\[metrics\]"
+        ):
+            require_extra(package="prometheus_client", extra="metrics")
+
+
+def _reload_without_package(module_path: str, blocked_packages: list[str]):
+    """Reload a module while blocking specific package imports.
+
+    Removes the target module and its parents from sys.modules so they
+    get re-imported, and patches builtins.__import__ to raise ImportError
+    for *blocked_packages*.
+    """
+    # Remove cached modules so they get re-imported
+    to_remove = [
+        key
+        for key in sys.modules
+        if key == module_path or key.startswith(module_path + ".")
+    ]
+    saved = {}
+    for key in to_remove:
+        saved[key] = sys.modules.pop(key)
+
+    # Also remove parent package to force re-execution of __init__.py
+    parts = module_path.rsplit(".", 1)
+    if len(parts) == 2:
+        parent = parts[0]
+        parent_keys = [
+            key for key in sys.modules if key == parent or key.startswith(parent + ".")
+        ]
+        for key in parent_keys:
+            if key not in saved:
+                saved[key] = sys.modules.pop(key)
+
+    original_import = (
+        __builtins__.__import__ if hasattr(__builtins__, "__import__") else __import__
+    )
+
+    def blocking_import(name, *args, **kwargs):
+        for blocked in blocked_packages:
+            if name == blocked or name.startswith(blocked + "."):
+                raise ImportError(f"Mocked: No module named '{name}'")
+        return original_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return saved, blocking_import
+
+
+class TestMetricsImportGuard:
+    """Tests for metrics module import guard when prometheus_client is missing."""
+
+    def test_registry_imports_without_prometheus(self):
+        """Metric and MetricsRegistry are importable without prometheus_client."""
+        saved, blocking_import = _reload_without_package(
+            "fastapi_toolsets.metrics", ["prometheus_client"]
+        )
+        try:
+            with patch("builtins.__import__", side_effect=blocking_import):
+                mod = importlib.import_module("fastapi_toolsets.metrics")
+                # Registry types should be available (they're stdlib-only)
+                assert hasattr(mod, "Metric")
+                assert hasattr(mod, "MetricsRegistry")
+        finally:
+            # Restore original modules
+            for key in list(sys.modules):
+                if key.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.metrics"):
+                    sys.modules.pop(key, None)
+            sys.modules.update(saved)
+
+    def test_init_metrics_stub_raises_without_prometheus(self):
+        """init_metrics raises ImportError when prometheus_client is missing."""
+        saved, blocking_import = _reload_without_package(
+            "fastapi_toolsets.metrics", ["prometheus_client"]
+        )
+        try:
+            with patch("builtins.__import__", side_effect=blocking_import):
+                mod = importlib.import_module("fastapi_toolsets.metrics")
+                with pytest.raises(ImportError, match="prometheus_client"):
+                    mod.init_metrics(None, None)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        finally:
+            for key in list(sys.modules):
+                if key.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.metrics"):
+                    sys.modules.pop(key, None)
+            sys.modules.update(saved)
+
+    def test_init_metrics_works_with_prometheus(self):
+        """init_metrics is the real function when prometheus_client is available."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.metrics import init_metrics
+
+        # Should be the real function, not a stub
+        assert init_metrics.__module__ == "fastapi_toolsets.metrics.handler"
+
+
+class TestPytestImportGuard:
+    """Tests for pytest module import guard when dependencies are missing."""
+
+    def test_import_raises_without_pytest_package(self):
+        """Importing fastapi_toolsets.pytest raises when pytest is missing."""
+        saved, blocking_import = _reload_without_package(
+            "fastapi_toolsets.pytest", ["pytest"]
+        )
+        try:
+            with patch("builtins.__import__", side_effect=blocking_import):
+                with pytest.raises(ImportError, match="pytest"):
+                    importlib.import_module("fastapi_toolsets.pytest")
+        finally:
+            for key in list(sys.modules):
+                if key.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.pytest"):
+                    sys.modules.pop(key, None)
+            sys.modules.update(saved)
+
+    def test_import_raises_without_httpx(self):
+        """Importing fastapi_toolsets.pytest raises when httpx is missing."""
+        saved, blocking_import = _reload_without_package(
+            "fastapi_toolsets.pytest", ["httpx"]
+        )
+        try:
+            with patch("builtins.__import__", side_effect=blocking_import):
+                with pytest.raises(ImportError, match="httpx"):
+                    importlib.import_module("fastapi_toolsets.pytest")
+        finally:
+            for key in list(sys.modules):
+                if key.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.pytest"):
+                    sys.modules.pop(key, None)
+            sys.modules.update(saved)
+
+    def test_all_exports_available_with_deps(self):
+        """All expected exports are available when deps are installed."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import (
+            cleanup_tables,
+            create_async_client,
+            create_db_session,
+            create_worker_database,
+            register_fixtures,
+            worker_database_url,
+        )
+
+        assert callable(register_fixtures)
+        assert callable(create_async_client)
+        assert callable(create_db_session)
+        assert callable(create_worker_database)
+        assert callable(worker_database_url)
+        assert callable(cleanup_tables)
+
+
+class TestCliImportGuard:
+    """Tests for CLI module import guard when typer is missing."""
+
+    def test_import_raises_without_typer(self):
+        """Importing cli.app raises when typer is missing."""
+        saved, blocking_import = _reload_without_package(
+            "fastapi_toolsets.cli.app", ["typer"]
+        )
+        # Also remove cli.config since it imports typer too
+        config_keys = [
+            k for k in sys.modules if k.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.cli.config")
+        ]
+        for key in config_keys:
+            if key not in saved:
+                saved[key] = sys.modules.pop(key)
+
+        try:
+            with patch("builtins.__import__", side_effect=blocking_import):
+                with pytest.raises(ImportError, match="typer"):
+                    importlib.import_module("fastapi_toolsets.cli.app")
+        finally:
+            for key in list(sys.modules):
+                if key.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.cli.app") or key.startswith(
+                    "fastapi_toolsets.cli.config"
+                ):
+                    sys.modules.pop(key, None)
+            sys.modules.update(saved)
+
+    def test_error_message_suggests_cli_extra(self):
+        """Error message suggests installing the cli extra."""
+        saved, blocking_import = _reload_without_package(
+            "fastapi_toolsets.cli.app", ["typer"]
+        )
+        config_keys = [
+            k for k in sys.modules if k.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.cli.config")
+        ]
+        for key in config_keys:
+            if key not in saved:
+                saved[key] = sys.modules.pop(key)
+
+        try:
+            with patch("builtins.__import__", side_effect=blocking_import):
+                with pytest.raises(
+                    ImportError, match=r"pip install fastapi-toolsets\[cli\]"
+                ):
+                    importlib.import_module("fastapi_toolsets.cli.app")
+        finally:
+            for key in list(sys.modules):
+                if key.startswith("fastapi_toolsets.cli.app") or key.startswith(
+                    "fastapi_toolsets.cli.config"
+                ):
+                    sys.modules.pop(key, None)
+            sys.modules.update(saved)
+
+    def test_async_command_imports_without_typer(self):
+        """async_command is importable without typer (stdlib only)."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.cli import async_command
+
+        assert callable(async_command)

tests/test_metrics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+"""Tests for fastapi_toolsets.metrics module."""
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from prometheus_client import REGISTRY, CollectorRegistry, Counter, Gauge
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.metrics import Metric, MetricsRegistry, init_metrics
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _clean_prometheus_registry():
+    """Unregister test collectors from the global registry after each test."""
+    yield
+    collectors = list(REGISTRY._names_to_collectors.values())
+    for collector in collectors:
+        try:
+            REGISTRY.unregister(collector)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+class TestMetric:
+    """Tests for Metric dataclass."""
+
+    def test_default_collect_is_false(self):
+        """Default collect is False (provider mode)."""
+        definition = Metric(name="test", func=lambda: None)
+        assert definition.collect is False
+
+    def test_collect_true(self):
+        """Collect can be set to True (collector mode)."""
+        definition = Metric(name="test", func=lambda: None, collect=True)
+        assert definition.collect is True
+
+
+class TestMetricsRegistry:
+    """Tests for MetricsRegistry class."""
+
+    def test_register_with_decorator(self):
+        """Register metric with bare decorator."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def my_counter():
+            return Counter("test_counter", "A test counter")
+
+        names = [m.name for m in registry.get_all()]
+        assert "my_counter" in names
+
+    def test_register_with_custom_name(self):
+        """Register metric with custom name."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register(name="custom_name")
+        def my_counter():
+            return Counter("test_counter_2", "A test counter")
+
+        definition = registry.get_all()[0]
+        assert definition.name == "custom_name"
+
+    def test_register_as_collector(self):
+        """Register metric with collect=True."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register(collect=True)
+        def collect_something():
+            pass
+
+        definition = registry.get_all()[0]
+        assert definition.collect is True
+
+    def test_register_preserves_function(self):
+        """Decorator returns the original function unchanged."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        def my_func():
+            return "original"
+
+        result = registry.register(my_func)
+        assert result is my_func
+        assert result() == "original"
+
+    def test_register_parameterized_preserves_function(self):
+        """Parameterized decorator returns the original function unchanged."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        def my_func():
+            return "original"
+
+        result = registry.register(name="custom")(my_func)
+        assert result is my_func
+        assert result() == "original"
+
+    def test_get_all(self):
+        """Get all registered metrics."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def metric_a():
+            pass
+
+        @registry.register
+        def metric_b():
+            pass
+
+        names = {m.name for m in registry.get_all()}
+        assert names == {"metric_a", "metric_b"}
+
+    def test_get_providers(self):
+        """Get only provider metrics (collect=False)."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def provider():
+            pass
+
+        @registry.register(collect=True)
+        def collector():
+            pass
+
+        providers = registry.get_providers()
+        assert len(providers) == 1
+        assert providers[0].name == "provider"
+
+    def test_get_collectors(self):
+        """Get only collector metrics (collect=True)."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def provider():
+            pass
+
+        @registry.register(collect=True)
+        def collector():
+            pass
+
+        collectors = registry.get_collectors()
+        assert len(collectors) == 1
+        assert collectors[0].name == "collector"
+
+    def test_register_overwrites_same_name(self):
+        """Registering with the same name overwrites the previous entry."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register(name="metric")
+        def first():
+            pass
+
+        @registry.register(name="metric")
+        def second():
+            pass
+
+        assert len(registry.get_all()) == 1
+        assert registry.get_all()[0].func is second
+
+
+class TestGet:
+    """Tests for MetricsRegistry.get method."""
+
+    def test_get_returns_instance_after_init(self):
+        """get() returns the metric instance stored by init_metrics."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def my_gauge():
+            return Gauge("get_test_gauge", "A test gauge")
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        instance = registry.get("my_gauge")
+        assert isinstance(instance, Gauge)
+
+    def test_get_raises_for_registered_but_not_initialized(self):
+        """get() raises KeyError with an informative message when init_metrics was not called."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def my_counter():
+            return Counter("get_uninit_counter", "A counter")
+
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="not been initialized yet"):
+            registry.get("my_counter")
+
+    def test_get_raises_for_unknown_name(self):
+        """get() raises KeyError when the metric name is not registered at all."""
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="Unknown metric"):
+            registry.get("nonexistent")
+
+
+class TestIncludeRegistry:
+    """Tests for MetricsRegistry.include_registry method."""
+
+    def test_include_empty_registry(self):
+        """Include an empty registry does nothing."""
+        main = MetricsRegistry()
+        other = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @main.register
+        def metric_a():
+            pass
+
+        main.include_registry(other)
+        assert len(main.get_all()) == 1
+
+    def test_include_registry_adds_metrics(self):
+        """Include registry adds all metrics from the other registry."""
+        main = MetricsRegistry()
+        other = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @main.register
+        def metric_a():
+            pass
+
+        @other.register
+        def metric_b():
+            pass
+
+        @other.register
+        def metric_c():
+            pass
+
+        main.include_registry(other)
+        names = {m.name for m in main.get_all()}
+        assert names == {"metric_a", "metric_b", "metric_c"}
+
+    def test_include_registry_preserves_collect_flag(self):
+        """Include registry preserves the collect flag."""
+        main = MetricsRegistry()
+        other = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @other.register(collect=True)
+        def collector():
+            pass
+
+        main.include_registry(other)
+        assert main.get_all()[0].collect is True
+
+    def test_include_registry_raises_on_duplicate(self):
+        """Include registry raises ValueError on duplicate metric names."""
+        main = MetricsRegistry()
+        other = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @main.register(name="metric")
+        def metric_main():
+            pass
+
+        @other.register(name="metric")
+        def metric_other():
+            pass
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="already exists"):
+            main.include_registry(other)
+
+    def test_include_multiple_registries(self):
+        """Include multiple registries sequentially."""
+        main = MetricsRegistry()
+        sub1 = MetricsRegistry()
+        sub2 = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @main.register
+        def base():
+            pass
+
+        @sub1.register
+        def sub1_metric():
+            pass
+
+        @sub2.register
+        def sub2_metric():
+            pass
+
+        main.include_registry(sub1)
+        main.include_registry(sub2)
+
+        names = {m.name for m in main.get_all()}
+        assert names == {"base", "sub1_metric", "sub2_metric"}
+
+
+class TestInitMetrics:
+    """Tests for init_metrics function."""
+
+    def test_returns_app(self):
+        """Returns the FastAPI app."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        result = init_metrics(app, registry)
+        assert result is app
+
+    def test_metrics_endpoint_responds(self):
+        """The /metrics endpoint returns 200."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/metrics")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+
+    def test_metrics_endpoint_content_type(self):
+        """The /metrics endpoint returns prometheus content type."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/metrics")
+
+        assert "text/plain" in response.headers["content-type"]
+
+    def test_custom_path(self):
+        """Custom path is used for the metrics endpoint."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        init_metrics(app, registry, path="/custom-metrics")
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        assert client.get("/custom-metrics").status_code == 200
+        assert client.get("/metrics").status_code == 404
+
+    def test_providers_called_at_init(self):
+        """Provider functions are called once at init time."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        mock = MagicMock()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def my_provider():
+            mock()
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        mock.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_collectors_called_on_scrape(self):
+        """Collector functions are called on each scrape."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        mock = MagicMock()
+
+        @registry.register(collect=True)
+        def my_collector():
+            mock()
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        client.get("/metrics")
+        client.get("/metrics")
+
+        assert mock.call_count == 2
+
+    def test_collectors_not_called_at_init(self):
+        """Collector functions are not called at init time."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        mock = MagicMock()
+
+        @registry.register(collect=True)
+        def my_collector():
+            mock()
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        mock.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_async_collectors_called_on_scrape(self):
+        """Async collector functions are awaited on each scrape."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        mock = AsyncMock()
+
+        @registry.register(collect=True)
+        async def my_async_collector():
+            await mock()
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        client.get("/metrics")
+        client.get("/metrics")
+
+        assert mock.call_count == 2
+
+    def test_mixed_sync_and_async_collectors(self):
+        """Both sync and async collectors are called on scrape."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        sync_mock = MagicMock()
+        async_mock = AsyncMock()
+
+        @registry.register(collect=True)
+        def sync_collector():
+            sync_mock()
+
+        @registry.register(collect=True)
+        async def async_collector():
+            await async_mock()
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        client.get("/metrics")
+
+        sync_mock.assert_called_once()
+        async_mock.assert_called_once()
+
+    def test_registered_metrics_appear_in_output(self):
+        """Metrics created by providers appear in /metrics output."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def my_gauge():
+            g = Gauge("test_gauge_value", "A test gauge")
+            g.set(42)
+            return g
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/metrics")
+
+        assert b"test_gauge_value" in response.content
+        assert b"42.0" in response.content
+
+    def test_endpoint_not_in_openapi_schema(self):
+        """The /metrics endpoint is not included in the OpenAPI schema."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        schema = app.openapi()
+        assert "/metrics" not in schema.get("paths", {})
+
+
+class TestMultiProcessMode:
+    """Tests for multi-process Prometheus mode."""
+
+    def test_multiprocess_with_env_var(self):
+        """Multi-process mode works when PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR is set."""
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            os.environ["PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR"] = tmpdir
+            try:
+                # Use a separate registry to avoid conflicts with default
+                prom_registry = CollectorRegistry()
+                app = FastAPI()
+                registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+                @registry.register
+                def mp_counter():
+                    return Counter(
+                        "mp_test_counter",
+                        "A multiprocess counter",
+                        registry=prom_registry,
+                    )
+
+                init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+                client = TestClient(app)
+                response = client.get("/metrics")
+
+                assert response.status_code == 200
+            finally:
+                del os.environ["PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR"]
+
+    def test_single_process_without_env_var(self):
+        """Single-process mode when PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR is not set."""
+        os.environ.pop("PROMETHEUS_MULTIPROC_DIR", None)
+
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def sp_gauge():
+            g = Gauge("sp_test_gauge", "A single-process gauge")
+            g.set(99)
+            return g
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/metrics")
+
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert b"sp_test_gauge" in response.content
+
+
+class TestMetricsIntegration:
+    """Integration tests for the metrics module."""
+
+    def test_full_workflow(self):
+        """Full workflow: registry, providers, collectors, endpoint."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        registry = MetricsRegistry()
+        call_count = {"value": 0}
+
+        @registry.register
+        def request_counter():
+            return Counter(
+                "integration_requests_total",
+                "Total requests",
+                ["method"],
+            )
+
+        @registry.register(collect=True)
+        def collect_uptime():
+            call_count["value"] += 1
+
+        init_metrics(app, registry)
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+
+        response = client.get("/metrics")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert b"integration_requests_total" in response.content
+        assert call_count["value"] == 1
+
+        response = client.get("/metrics")
+        assert call_count["value"] == 2
+
+    def test_multiple_registries_merged(self):
+        """Multiple registries can be merged and used together."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+        main = MetricsRegistry()
+        sub = MetricsRegistry()
+
+        @main.register
+        def main_gauge():
+            g = Gauge("main_gauge_val", "Main gauge")
+            g.set(1)
+            return g
+
+        @sub.register
+        def sub_gauge():
+            g = Gauge("sub_gauge_val", "Sub gauge")
+            g.set(2)
+            return g
+
+        main.include_registry(sub)
+        init_metrics(app, main)
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        response = client.get("/metrics")
+
+        assert b"main_gauge_val" in response.content
+        assert b"sub_gauge_val" in response.content

tests/test_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+"""Tests for fastapi_toolsets.models mixins."""
+
+import uuid
+
+import pytest
+from sqlalchemy import String
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.models import (
+    CreatedAtMixin,
+    TimestampMixin,
+    UUIDMixin,
+    UUIDv7Mixin,
+    UpdatedAtMixin,
+)
+
+from .conftest import DATABASE_URL
+
+
+class MixinBase(DeclarativeBase):
+    pass
+
+
+class UUIDModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_uuid_models"
+
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+class UpdatedAtModel(MixinBase, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_updated_at_models"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+class CreatedAtModel(MixinBase, CreatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_created_at_models"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+class TimestampModel(MixinBase, TimestampMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_timestamp_models"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+class UUIDv7Model(MixinBase, UUIDv7Mixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_uuidv7_models"
+
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+class FullMixinModel(MixinBase, UUIDMixin, UpdatedAtMixin):
+    __tablename__ = "mixin_full_models"
+
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+async def mixin_session():
+    engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, echo=False)
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(MixinBase.metadata.create_all)
+
+    session_factory = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+    session = session_factory()
+
+    try:
+        yield session
+    finally:
+        await session.close()
+        async with engine.begin() as conn:
+            await conn.run_sync(MixinBase.metadata.drop_all)
+        await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestUUIDMixin:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid_generated_by_db(self, mixin_session):
+        """UUID is generated server-side and populated after flush."""
+        obj = UUIDModel(name="test")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+
+        assert obj.id is not None
+        assert isinstance(obj.id, uuid.UUID)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid_is_primary_key(self):
+        """UUIDMixin adds id as primary key column."""
+        pk_cols = [c.name for c in UUIDModel.__table__.primary_key]
+        assert pk_cols == ["id"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_each_row_gets_unique_uuid(self, mixin_session):
+        """Each inserted row gets a distinct UUID."""
+        a = UUIDModel(name="a")
+        b = UUIDModel(name="b")
+        mixin_session.add_all([a, b])
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+
+        assert a.id != b.id
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid_server_default_set(self):
+        """Column has gen_random_uuid() as server default."""
+        col = UUIDModel.__table__.c["id"]
+        assert col.server_default is not None
+        assert "gen_random_uuid" in str(col.server_default.arg)
+
+
+class TestUpdatedAtMixin:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_set_on_insert(self, mixin_session):
+        """updated_at is populated after insert."""
+        obj = UpdatedAtModel(name="initial")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.updated_at is not None
+        assert obj.updated_at.tzinfo is not None  # timezone-aware
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_changes_on_update(self, mixin_session):
+        """updated_at is updated when the row is modified."""
+        obj = UpdatedAtModel(name="initial")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        original_ts = obj.updated_at
+
+        obj.name = "modified"
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.updated_at >= original_ts
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_column_is_not_nullable(self):
+        """updated_at column is non-nullable."""
+        col = UpdatedAtModel.__table__.c["updated_at"]
+        assert not col.nullable
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_has_server_default(self):
+        """updated_at column has a server-side default."""
+        col = UpdatedAtModel.__table__.c["updated_at"]
+        assert col.server_default is not None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_updated_at_has_onupdate(self):
+        """updated_at column has an onupdate clause."""
+        col = UpdatedAtModel.__table__.c["updated_at"]
+        assert col.onupdate is not None
+
+
+class TestCreatedAtMixin:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_set_on_insert(self, mixin_session):
+        """created_at is populated after insert."""
+        obj = CreatedAtModel(name="new")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.created_at is not None
+        assert obj.created_at.tzinfo is not None  # timezone-aware
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_not_changed_on_update(self, mixin_session):
+        """created_at is not modified when the row is updated."""
+        obj = CreatedAtModel(name="original")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        original_ts = obj.created_at
+
+        obj.name = "updated"
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.created_at == original_ts
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_column_is_not_nullable(self):
+        """created_at column is non-nullable."""
+        col = CreatedAtModel.__table__.c["created_at"]
+        assert not col.nullable
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_has_no_onupdate(self):
+        """created_at column has no onupdate clause."""
+        col = CreatedAtModel.__table__.c["created_at"]
+        assert col.onupdate is None
+
+
+class TestTimestampMixin:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_both_columns_set_on_insert(self, mixin_session):
+        """created_at and updated_at are both populated after insert."""
+        obj = TimestampModel(name="new")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.created_at is not None
+        assert obj.updated_at is not None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_created_at_stable_updated_at_changes_on_update(self, mixin_session):
+        """On update: created_at stays the same, updated_at advances."""
+        obj = TimestampModel(name="original")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        original_created = obj.created_at
+        original_updated = obj.updated_at
+
+        obj.name = "modified"
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert obj.created_at == original_created
+        assert obj.updated_at >= original_updated
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_timestamp_mixin_has_both_columns(self):
+        """TimestampModel exposes both created_at and updated_at columns."""
+        col_names = {c.name for c in TimestampModel.__table__.columns}
+        assert "created_at" in col_names
+        assert "updated_at" in col_names
+
+
+class TestUUIDv7Mixin:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid7_generated_by_db(self, mixin_session):
+        """UUIDv7 is generated server-side and populated after flush."""
+        obj = UUIDv7Model(name="test")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+
+        assert obj.id is not None
+        assert isinstance(obj.id, uuid.UUID)
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid7_is_primary_key(self):
+        """UUIDv7Mixin adds id as primary key column."""
+        pk_cols = [c.name for c in UUIDv7Model.__table__.primary_key]
+        assert pk_cols == ["id"]
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_each_row_gets_unique_uuid7(self, mixin_session):
+        """Each inserted row gets a distinct UUIDv7."""
+        a = UUIDv7Model(name="a")
+        b = UUIDv7Model(name="b")
+        mixin_session.add_all([a, b])
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+
+        assert a.id != b.id
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid7_version(self, mixin_session):
+        """Generated UUIDs have version 7."""
+        obj = UUIDv7Model(name="test")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+
+        assert obj.id.version == 7
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_uuid7_server_default_set(self):
+        """Column has uuidv7() as server default."""
+        col = UUIDv7Model.__table__.c["id"]
+        assert col.server_default is not None
+        assert "uuidv7" in str(col.server_default.arg)
+
+
+class TestFullMixinModel:
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_combined_mixins_work_together(self, mixin_session):
+        """UUIDMixin and UpdatedAtMixin can be combined on the same model."""
+        obj = FullMixinModel(name="combined")
+        mixin_session.add(obj)
+        await mixin_session.flush()
+        await mixin_session.refresh(obj)
+
+        assert isinstance(obj.id, uuid.UUID)
+        assert obj.updated_at is not None
+        assert obj.updated_at.tzinfo is not None

tests/test_pytest.py

@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@
 import uuid
 
 import pytest
-from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import select, text
 from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, create_async_engine
-from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, selectinload
+from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import Context, FixtureRegistry
 from fastapi_toolsets.pytest import (
-    cleanup_tables,
     create_async_client,
     create_db_session,
     create_worker_database,
@@ -236,6 +235,30 @@ class TestCreateAsyncClient:
 
         assert client_ref.is_closed
 
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_dependency_overrides_applied_and_cleaned(self):
+        """Dependency overrides are applied during the context and removed after."""
+        app = FastAPI()
+
+        async def original_dep() -> str:
+            return "original"
+
+        async def override_dep() -> str:
+            return "overridden"
+
+        @app.get("/dep")
+        async def dep_endpoint(value: str = Depends(original_dep)):
+            return {"value": value}
+
+        async with create_async_client(
+            app, dependency_overrides={original_dep: override_dep}
+        ) as client:
+            response = await client.get("/dep")
+            assert response.json() == {"value": "overridden"}
+
+        # Overrides should be cleaned up
+        assert original_dep not in app.dependency_overrides
+
 
 class TestCreateDbSession:
     """Tests for create_db_session helper."""
@@ -297,6 +320,22 @@ class TestCreateDbSession:
         async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as _:
             pass
 
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_cleanup_truncates_tables(self):
+        """Tables are truncated after session closes when cleanup=True."""
+        role_id = uuid.uuid4()
+        async with create_db_session(
+            DATABASE_URL, Base, cleanup=True, drop_tables=False
+        ) as session:
+            role = Role(id=role_id, name="will_be_cleaned")
+            session.add(role)
+            await session.commit()
+
+        # Data should have been truncated, but tables still exist
+        async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as session:
+            result = await session.execute(select(Role))
+            assert result.all() == []
+
 
 class TestGetXdistWorker:
     """Tests for _get_xdist_worker helper."""
@@ -366,7 +405,6 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
         ) as url:
             assert make_url(url).database == expected_db
 
-            # Verify the database exists while inside the context
             engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
             async with engine.connect() as conn:
                 result = await conn.execute(
@@ -376,7 +414,6 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
                 assert result.scalar() == 1
             await engine.dispose()
 
-        # After context exit the database should be dropped
         engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             result = await conn.execute(
@@ -399,7 +436,6 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
         async with create_worker_database(DATABASE_URL) as url:
             assert make_url(url).database == expected_db
 
-            # Verify the database exists while inside the context
             engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
             async with engine.connect() as conn:
                 result = await conn.execute(
@@ -409,7 +445,6 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
                 assert result.scalar() == 1
             await engine.dispose()
 
-        # After context exit the database should be dropped
         engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             result = await conn.execute(
@@ -427,18 +462,15 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
             worker_database_url(DATABASE_URL, default_test_db="unused")
         ).database
 
-        # Pre-create the database to simulate a stale leftover
         engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             await conn.execute(text(f"DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS {expected_db}"))
             await conn.execute(text(f"CREATE DATABASE {expected_db}"))
         await engine.dispose()
 
-        # Should succeed despite the database already existing
         async with create_worker_database(DATABASE_URL) as url:
             assert make_url(url).database == expected_db
 
-        # Verify cleanup after context exit
         engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, isolation_level="AUTOCOMMIT")
         async with engine.connect() as conn:
             result = await conn.execute(
@@ -447,49 +479,3 @@ class TestCreateWorkerDatabase:
             )
             assert result.scalar() is None
         await engine.dispose()
-
-
-class TestCleanupTables:
-    """Tests for cleanup_tables helper."""
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_truncates_all_tables(self):
-        """All table rows are removed after cleanup_tables."""
-        async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as session:
-            role = Role(id=uuid.uuid4(), name="cleanup_role")
-            session.add(role)
-            await session.flush()
-
-            user = User(
-                id=uuid.uuid4(),
-                username="cleanup_user",
-                email="cleanup@test.com",
-                role_id=role.id,
-            )
-            session.add(user)
-            await session.commit()
-
-            # Verify rows exist
-            roles_count = await RoleCrud.count(session)
-            users_count = await UserCrud.count(session)
-            assert roles_count == 1
-            assert users_count == 1
-
-            await cleanup_tables(session, Base)
-
-            # Verify tables are empty
-            roles_count = await RoleCrud.count(session)
-            users_count = await UserCrud.count(session)
-            assert roles_count == 0
-            assert users_count == 0
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_noop_for_empty_metadata(self):
-        """cleanup_tables does not raise when metadata has no tables."""
-
-        class EmptyBase(DeclarativeBase):
-            pass
-
-        async with create_db_session(DATABASE_URL, Base, drop_tables=True) as session:
-            # Should not raise
-            await cleanup_tables(session, EmptyBase)

tests/test_schemas.py

@@ -5,9 +5,13 @@ from pydantic import ValidationError
 
 from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
     ApiError,
+    CursorPagination,
+    CursorPaginatedResponse,
     ErrorResponse,
+    OffsetPagination,
+    OffsetPaginatedResponse,
     PaginatedResponse,
-    Pagination,
+    PaginationType,
     Response,
     ResponseStatus,
 )
@@ -46,6 +50,31 @@ class TestApiError:
         assert error.desc == "The resource was not found."
         assert error.err_code == "RES-404"
 
+    def test_data_defaults_to_none(self):
+        """ApiError data field defaults to None."""
+        error = ApiError(
+            code=404,
+            msg="Not Found",
+            desc="The resource was not found.",
+            err_code="RES-404",
+        )
+        assert error.data is None
+
+    def test_create_with_data(self):
+        """ApiError can be created with a data payload."""
+        error = ApiError(
+            code=422,
+            msg="Validation Error",
+            desc="2 validation error(s) detected",
+            err_code="VAL-422",
+            data={
+                "errors": [{"field": "name", "message": "required", "type": "missing"}]
+            },
+        )
+        assert error.data == {
+            "errors": [{"field": "name", "message": "required", "type": "missing"}]
+        }
+
     def test_requires_all_fields(self):
         """ApiError requires all fields."""
         with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
@@ -129,12 +158,12 @@ class TestErrorResponse:
         assert data["description"] == "Details"
 
 
-class TestPagination:
+class TestOffsetPagination:
-    """Tests for Pagination schema."""
+    """Tests for OffsetPagination schema (canonical name for offset-based pagination)."""
 
     def test_create_pagination(self):
-        """Create Pagination with all fields."""
+        """Create OffsetPagination with all fields."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=100,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -148,7 +177,7 @@ class TestPagination:
 
     def test_last_page_has_more_false(self):
         """Last page has has_more=False."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=25,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=3,
@@ -158,8 +187,8 @@ class TestPagination:
         assert pagination.has_more is False
 
     def test_serialization(self):
-        """Pagination serializes correctly."""
+        """OffsetPagination serializes correctly."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=50,
             items_per_page=20,
             page=2,
@@ -173,12 +202,69 @@ class TestPagination:
         assert data["has_more"] is True
 
 
+class TestCursorPagination:
+    """Tests for CursorPagination schema."""
+
+    def test_create_with_next_cursor(self):
+        """CursorPagination with a next cursor indicates more pages."""
+        pagination = CursorPagination(
+            next_cursor="eyJ2YWx1ZSI6ICIxMjMifQ==",
+            items_per_page=20,
+            has_more=True,
+        )
+        assert pagination.next_cursor == "eyJ2YWx1ZSI6ICIxMjMifQ=="
+        assert pagination.prev_cursor is None
+        assert pagination.items_per_page == 20
+        assert pagination.has_more is True
+
+    def test_create_last_page(self):
+        """CursorPagination for the last page has next_cursor=None and has_more=False."""
+        pagination = CursorPagination(
+            next_cursor=None,
+            items_per_page=20,
+            has_more=False,
+        )
+        assert pagination.next_cursor is None
+        assert pagination.has_more is False
+
+    def test_prev_cursor_defaults_to_none(self):
+        """prev_cursor defaults to None."""
+        pagination = CursorPagination(
+            next_cursor=None, items_per_page=10, has_more=False
+        )
+        assert pagination.prev_cursor is None
+
+    def test_prev_cursor_can_be_set(self):
+        """prev_cursor can be explicitly set."""
+        pagination = CursorPagination(
+            next_cursor="next123",
+            prev_cursor="prev456",
+            items_per_page=10,
+            has_more=True,
+        )
+        assert pagination.prev_cursor == "prev456"
+
+    def test_serialization(self):
+        """CursorPagination serializes correctly."""
+        pagination = CursorPagination(
+            next_cursor="abc123",
+            prev_cursor="xyz789",
+            items_per_page=20,
+            has_more=True,
+        )
+        data = pagination.model_dump()
+        assert data["next_cursor"] == "abc123"
+        assert data["prev_cursor"] == "xyz789"
+        assert data["items_per_page"] == 20
+        assert data["has_more"] is True
+
+
 class TestPaginatedResponse:
     """Tests for PaginatedResponse schema."""
 
     def test_create_paginated_response(self):
         """Create PaginatedResponse with data and pagination."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=30,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -189,13 +275,14 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
             pagination=pagination,
         )
 
+        assert isinstance(response.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert len(response.data) == 2
         assert response.pagination.total_count == 30
         assert response.status == ResponseStatus.SUCCESS
 
     def test_with_custom_message(self):
         """PaginatedResponse with custom message."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=5,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -211,28 +298,48 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_empty_data(self):
         """PaginatedResponse with empty data."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=0,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
             has_more=False,
         )
-        response = PaginatedResponse[dict](
+        response = PaginatedResponse(
             data=[],
             pagination=pagination,
         )
 
+        assert isinstance(response.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert response.data == []
         assert response.pagination.total_count == 0
 
+    def test_class_getitem_with_concrete_type_returns_discriminated_union(self):
+        """PaginatedResponse[T] with a concrete type returns a discriminated Annotated union."""
+        import typing
+
+        alias = PaginatedResponse[dict]
+        args = typing.get_args(alias)
+        # args[0] is the Union, args[1] is the FieldInfo discriminator
+        union_args = typing.get_args(args[0])
+        assert CursorPaginatedResponse[dict] in union_args
+        assert OffsetPaginatedResponse[dict] in union_args
+
+    def test_class_getitem_is_cached(self):
+        """Repeated subscripting with the same type returns the identical cached object."""
+        assert PaginatedResponse[dict] is PaginatedResponse[dict]
+
+    def test_class_getitem_with_typevar_returns_generic(self):
+        """PaginatedResponse[TypeVar] falls through to Pydantic generic parametrisation."""
+        from typing import TypeVar
+
+        T = TypeVar("T")
+        alias = PaginatedResponse[T]
+        # Should be a generic alias, not an Annotated union
+        assert not hasattr(alias, "__metadata__")
+
     def test_generic_type_hint(self):
         """PaginatedResponse supports generic type hints."""
-
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
-        class UserOut:
-            id: int
-            name: str
-
-        pagination = Pagination(
             total_count=1,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -247,7 +354,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_serialization(self):
         """PaginatedResponse serializes correctly."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=100,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=5,
@@ -265,6 +372,211 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
         assert data["data"] == ["item1", "item2"]
         assert data["pagination"]["page"] == 5
 
+    def test_pagination_field_accepts_offset_pagination(self):
+        """PaginatedResponse.pagination accepts OffsetPagination."""
+        response = PaginatedResponse(
+            data=[1, 2],
+            pagination=OffsetPagination(
+                total_count=2, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=False
+            ),
+        )
+        assert isinstance(response.pagination, OffsetPagination)
+
+    def test_pagination_field_accepts_cursor_pagination(self):
+        """PaginatedResponse.pagination accepts CursorPagination."""
+        response = PaginatedResponse(
+            data=[1, 2],
+            pagination=CursorPagination(
+                next_cursor=None, items_per_page=10, has_more=False
+            ),
+        )
+        assert isinstance(response.pagination, CursorPagination)
+
+
+class TestPaginationType:
+    """Tests for PaginationType enum."""
+
+    def test_offset_value(self):
+        """OFFSET has string value 'offset'."""
+        assert PaginationType.OFFSET == "offset"
+        assert PaginationType.OFFSET.value == "offset"
+
+    def test_cursor_value(self):
+        """CURSOR has string value 'cursor'."""
+        assert PaginationType.CURSOR == "cursor"
+        assert PaginationType.CURSOR.value == "cursor"
+
+    def test_is_string_enum(self):
+        """PaginationType is a string enum."""
+        assert isinstance(PaginationType.OFFSET, str)
+        assert isinstance(PaginationType.CURSOR, str)
+
+    def test_members(self):
+        """PaginationType has exactly two members."""
+        assert set(PaginationType) == {PaginationType.OFFSET, PaginationType.CURSOR}
+
+
+class TestOffsetPaginatedResponse:
+    """Tests for OffsetPaginatedResponse schema."""
+
+    def test_pagination_type_is_offset(self):
+        """pagination_type is always PaginationType.OFFSET."""
+        response = OffsetPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[],
+            pagination=OffsetPagination(
+                total_count=0, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=False
+            ),
+        )
+        assert response.pagination_type is PaginationType.OFFSET
+
+    def test_pagination_type_serializes_to_string(self):
+        """pagination_type serializes to 'offset' in JSON mode."""
+        response = OffsetPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[],
+            pagination=OffsetPagination(
+                total_count=0, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=False
+            ),
+        )
+        assert response.model_dump(mode="json")["pagination_type"] == "offset"
+
+    def test_pagination_field_is_typed(self):
+        """pagination field is OffsetPagination, not the union."""
+        response = OffsetPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[{"id": 1}],
+            pagination=OffsetPagination(
+                total_count=10, items_per_page=5, page=2, has_more=True
+            ),
+        )
+        assert isinstance(response.pagination, OffsetPagination)
+        assert response.pagination.total_count == 10
+        assert response.pagination.page == 2
+
+    def test_is_subclass_of_paginated_response(self):
+        """OffsetPaginatedResponse IS a PaginatedResponse."""
+        response = OffsetPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[],
+            pagination=OffsetPagination(
+                total_count=0, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=False
+            ),
+        )
+        assert isinstance(response, PaginatedResponse)
+
+    def test_pagination_type_default_cannot_be_overridden_to_cursor(self):
+        """pagination_type rejects values other than OFFSET."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            OffsetPaginatedResponse(
+                data=[],
+                pagination=OffsetPagination(
+                    total_count=0, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=False
+                ),
+                pagination_type=PaginationType.CURSOR,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
+
+    def test_filter_attributes_defaults_to_none(self):
+        """filter_attributes defaults to None."""
+        response = OffsetPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[],
+            pagination=OffsetPagination(
+                total_count=0, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=False
+            ),
+        )
+        assert response.filter_attributes is None
+
+    def test_full_serialization(self):
+        """Full JSON serialization includes all expected fields."""
+        response = OffsetPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[{"id": 1}],
+            pagination=OffsetPagination(
+                total_count=1, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=False
+            ),
+            filter_attributes={"status": ["active"]},
+        )
+        data = response.model_dump(mode="json")
+
+        assert data["pagination_type"] == "offset"
+        assert data["status"] == "SUCCESS"
+        assert data["data"] == [{"id": 1}]
+        assert data["pagination"]["total_count"] == 1
+        assert data["filter_attributes"] == {"status": ["active"]}
+
+
+class TestCursorPaginatedResponse:
+    """Tests for CursorPaginatedResponse schema."""
+
+    def test_pagination_type_is_cursor(self):
+        """pagination_type is always PaginationType.CURSOR."""
+        response = CursorPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[],
+            pagination=CursorPagination(
+                next_cursor=None, items_per_page=10, has_more=False
+            ),
+        )
+        assert response.pagination_type is PaginationType.CURSOR
+
+    def test_pagination_type_serializes_to_string(self):
+        """pagination_type serializes to 'cursor' in JSON mode."""
+        response = CursorPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[],
+            pagination=CursorPagination(
+                next_cursor=None, items_per_page=10, has_more=False
+            ),
+        )
+        assert response.model_dump(mode="json")["pagination_type"] == "cursor"
+
+    def test_pagination_field_is_typed(self):
+        """pagination field is CursorPagination, not the union."""
+        response = CursorPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[{"id": 1}],
+            pagination=CursorPagination(
+                next_cursor="abc123",
+                prev_cursor=None,
+                items_per_page=20,
+                has_more=True,
+            ),
+        )
+        assert isinstance(response.pagination, CursorPagination)
+        assert response.pagination.next_cursor == "abc123"
+        assert response.pagination.has_more is True
+
+    def test_is_subclass_of_paginated_response(self):
+        """CursorPaginatedResponse IS a PaginatedResponse."""
+        response = CursorPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[],
+            pagination=CursorPagination(
+                next_cursor=None, items_per_page=10, has_more=False
+            ),
+        )
+        assert isinstance(response, PaginatedResponse)
+
+    def test_pagination_type_default_cannot_be_overridden_to_offset(self):
+        """pagination_type rejects values other than CURSOR."""
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            CursorPaginatedResponse(
+                data=[],
+                pagination=CursorPagination(
+                    next_cursor=None, items_per_page=10, has_more=False
+                ),
+                pagination_type=PaginationType.OFFSET,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            )
+
+    def test_full_serialization(self):
+        """Full JSON serialization includes all expected fields."""
+        response = CursorPaginatedResponse(
+            data=[{"id": 1}],
+            pagination=CursorPagination(
+                next_cursor="tok_next",
+                prev_cursor="tok_prev",
+                items_per_page=10,
+                has_more=True,
+            ),
+        )
+        data = response.model_dump(mode="json")
+
+        assert data["pagination_type"] == "cursor"
+        assert data["status"] == "SUCCESS"
+        assert data["pagination"]["next_cursor"] == "tok_next"
+        assert data["pagination"]["prev_cursor"] == "tok_prev"
+
 
 class TestFromAttributes:
     """Tests for from_attributes config (ORM mode)."""

uv.lock

@@ -215,6 +215,15 @@ toml = [
     { name = "tomli", marker = "python_full_version <= '3.11'" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "deepmerge"
+version = "2.0"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a8/3a/b0ba594708f1ad0bc735884b3ad854d3ca3bdc1d741e56e40bbda6263499/deepmerge-2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:5c3d86081fbebd04dd5de03626a0607b809a98fb6ccba5770b62466fe940ff20", size = 19890, upload-time = "2024-08-30T05:31:50.308Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2d/82/e5d2c1c67d19841e9edc74954c827444ae826978499bde3dfc1d007c8c11/deepmerge-2.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6de9ce507115cff0bed95ff0ce9ecc31088ef50cbdf09bc90a09349a318b3d00", size = 13475, upload-time = "2024-08-30T05:31:48.659Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "execnet"
 version = "2.1.2"
@@ -226,7 +235,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastapi"
-version = "0.128.8"
+version = "0.135.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "annotated-doc" },
@@ -235,36 +244,63 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "typing-inspection" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/01/72/0df5c58c954742f31a7054e2dd1143bae0b408b7f36b59b85f928f9b456c/fastapi-0.128.8.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:3171f9f328c4a218f0a8d2ba8310ac3a55d1ee12c28c949650288aee25966007", size = 375523, upload-time = "2026-02-11T15:19:36.69Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e7/7b/f8e0211e9380f7195ba3f3d40c292594fd81ba8ec4629e3854c353aaca45/fastapi-0.135.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d04115b508d936d254cea545b7312ecaa58a7b3a0f84952535b4c9afae7668cd", size = 394962, upload-time = "2026-03-01T18:18:29.369Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/37/37b07e276f8923c69a5df266bfcb5bac4ba8b55dfe4a126720f8c48681d1/fastapi-0.128.8-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:5618f492d0fe973a778f8fec97723f598aa9deee495040a8d51aaf3cf123ecf1", size = 103630, upload-time = "2026-02-11T15:19:35.209Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e4/72/42e900510195b23a56bde950d26a51f8b723846bfcaa0286e90287f0422b/fastapi-0.135.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:46e2fc5745924b7c840f71ddd277382af29ce1cdb7d5eab5bf697e3fb9999c9e", size = 116999, upload-time = "2026-03-01T18:18:30.831Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastapi-toolsets"
-version = "0.8.1"
+version = "2.3.0"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "asyncpg" },
     { name = "fastapi" },
-    { name = "httpx" },
     { name = "pydantic" },
     { name = "sqlalchemy", extra = ["asyncio"] },
-    { name = "typer" },
 ]
 
 [package.optional-dependencies]
+all = [
+    { name = "httpx" },
+    { name = "prometheus-client" },
+    { name = "pytest" },
+    { name = "pytest-xdist" },
+    { name = "typer" },
+]
+cli = [
+    { name = "typer" },
+]
+metrics = [
+    { name = "prometheus-client" },
+]
+pytest = [
+    { name = "httpx" },
+    { name = "pytest" },
+    { name = "pytest-xdist" },
+]
+
+[package.dev-dependencies]
 dev = [
     { name = "coverage" },
+    { name = "fastapi-toolsets", extra = ["all"] },
+    { name = "httpx" },
+    { name = "mkdocstrings-python" },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-anyio" },
     { name = "pytest-cov" },
     { name = "pytest-xdist" },
     { name = "ruff" },
     { name = "ty" },
+    { name = "zensical" },
 ]
-test = [
+docs = [
+    { name = "mkdocstrings-python" },
+    { name = "zensical" },
+]
+tests = [
     { name = "coverage" },
+    { name = "httpx" },
     { name = "pytest" },
     { name = "pytest-anyio" },
     { name = "pytest-cov" },
@@ -274,21 +310,56 @@ test = [
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
     { name = "asyncpg", specifier = ">=0.29.0" },
-    { name = "coverage", marker = "extra == 'test'", specifier = ">=7.0.0" },
     { name = "fastapi", specifier = ">=0.100.0" },
-    { name = "fastapi-toolsets", extras = ["test"], marker = "extra == 'dev'" },
+    { name = "fastapi-toolsets", extras = ["cli", "metrics", "pytest"], marker = "extra == 'all'" },
-    { name = "httpx", specifier = ">=0.25.0" },
+    { name = "httpx", marker = "extra == 'pytest'", specifier = ">=0.25.0" },
+    { name = "prometheus-client", marker = "extra == 'metrics'", specifier = ">=0.20.0" },
     { name = "pydantic", specifier = ">=2.0" },
-    { name = "pytest", marker = "extra == 'test'", specifier = ">=8.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest", marker = "extra == 'pytest'", specifier = ">=8.0.0" },
-    { name = "pytest-anyio", marker = "extra == 'test'", specifier = ">=0.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest-xdist", marker = "extra == 'pytest'", specifier = ">=3.0.0" },
-    { name = "pytest-cov", marker = "extra == 'test'", specifier = ">=4.0.0" },
-    { name = "pytest-xdist", marker = "extra == 'test'", specifier = ">=3.0.0" },
-    { name = "ruff", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=0.1.0" },
     { name = "sqlalchemy", extras = ["asyncio"], specifier = ">=2.0" },
-    { name = "ty", marker = "extra == 'dev'", specifier = ">=0.0.1a0" },
+    { name = "typer", marker = "extra == 'cli'", specifier = ">=0.9.0" },
-    { name = "typer", specifier = ">=0.9.0" },
+]
+provides-extras = ["cli", "metrics", "pytest", "all"]
+
+[package.metadata.requires-dev]
+dev = [
+    { name = "coverage", specifier = ">=7.0.0" },
+    { name = "fastapi-toolsets", extras = ["all"] },
+    { name = "httpx", specifier = ">=0.25.0" },
+    { name = "mkdocstrings-python", specifier = ">=2.0.2" },
+    { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=8.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest-anyio", specifier = ">=0.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest-cov", specifier = ">=4.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest-xdist", specifier = ">=3.0.0" },
+    { name = "ruff", specifier = ">=0.1.0" },
+    { name = "ty", specifier = ">=0.0.1a0" },
+    { name = "zensical", specifier = ">=0.0.23" },
+]
+docs = [
+    { name = "mkdocstrings-python", specifier = ">=2.0.2" },
+    { name = "zensical", specifier = ">=0.0.23" },
+]
+tests = [
+    { name = "coverage", specifier = ">=7.0.0" },
+    { name = "httpx", specifier = ">=0.25.0" },
+    { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=8.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest-anyio", specifier = ">=0.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest-cov", specifier = ">=4.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest-xdist", specifier = ">=3.0.0" },
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+Modules = [
+    {CLI = "module/cli.md"},
+    {CRUD = "module/crud.md"},
+    {Database = "module/db.md"},
+    {Dependencies = "module/dependencies.md"},
+    {Exceptions = "module/exceptions.md"},
+    {Fixtures = "module/fixtures.md"},
+    {Logger = "module/logger.md"},
+    {Metrics = "module/metrics.md"},
+    {Models = "module/models.md"},
+    {Pytest = "module/pytest.md"},
+    {Schemas = "module/schemas.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Reference = [
+    {CLI = "reference/cli.md"},
+    {CRUD = "reference/crud.md"},
+    {Database = "reference/db.md"},
+    {Dependencies = "reference/dependencies.md"},
+    {Exceptions = "reference/exceptions.md"},
+    {Fixtures = "reference/fixtures.md"},
+    {Logger = "reference/logger.md"},
+    {Metrics = "reference/metrics.md"},
+    {Models = "reference/models.md"},
+    {Pytest = "reference/pytest.md"},
+    {Schemas = "reference/schemas.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Examples = [
+    {"Pagination & Search" = "examples/pagination-search.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Migration = [
+    {"v2.0" = "migration/v2.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+"Changelog ↗" = "https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/releases"