feat: add security module

Bumps [zensical](https://github.com/zensical/zensical) from 0.0.23 to 0.0.24.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/zensical/zensical/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/zensical/zensical/compare/v0.0.23...v0.0.24)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: zensical
  dependency-version: 0.0.24
  dependency-type: direct:development
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

README.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ A modular collection of production-ready utilities for FastAPI. Install only wha
 
 ## Installation
 
-The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, logging):
+The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, model mixins, logging):
 
 ```bash
 uv add fastapi-toolsets
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ uv add fastapi-toolsets
 Install only the extras you need:
 
 ```bash
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"      # CLI (typer)
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"  # Prometheus metrics (prometheus_client)
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"   # Pytest helpers (httpx, pytest-xdist)
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"
 ```
 
 Or install everything:
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ uv add "fastapi-toolsets[all]"
 - **Database**: Session management, transaction helpers, table locking, and polling-based row change detection
 - **Dependencies**: FastAPI dependency factories (`PathDependency`, `BodyDependency`) for automatic DB lookups from path or body parameters
 - **Fixtures**: Fixture system with dependency management, context support, and pytest integration
+- **Model Mixins**: SQLAlchemy mixins for common column patterns (`UUIDMixin`, `CreatedAtMixin`, `UpdatedAtMixin`, `TimestampMixin`)
 - **Standardized API Responses**: Consistent response format with `Response`, `PaginatedResponse`, and `PydanticBase`
 - **Exception Handling**: Structured error responses with automatic OpenAPI documentation
 - **Logging**: Logging configuration with uvicorn integration via `configure_logging` and `get_logger`

docs/index.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ A modular collection of production-ready utilities for FastAPI. Install only wha
 
 ## Installation
 
-The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, logging):
+The base package includes the core modules (CRUD, database, schemas, exceptions, fixtures, dependencies, model mixins, logging):
 
 ```bash
 uv add fastapi-toolsets
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ uv add fastapi-toolsets
 Install only the extras you need:
 
 ```bash
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"      # CLI (typer)
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"  # Prometheus metrics (prometheus_client)
-uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"   # Pytest helpers (httpx, pytest-xdist)
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[cli]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[metrics]"
+uv add "fastapi-toolsets[pytest]"
 ```
 
 Or install everything:
@@ -44,10 +44,11 @@ uv add "fastapi-toolsets[all]"
 
 ### Core
 
-- **CRUD**: Generic async CRUD operations with `CrudFactory`, built-in full-text/faceted search and offset/cursor pagination.
+- **CRUD**: Generic async CRUD operations with `CrudFactory`, built-in full-text/faceted search and Offset/Cursor pagination.
 - **Database**: Session management, transaction helpers, table locking, and polling-based row change detection
 - **Dependencies**: FastAPI dependency factories (`PathDependency`, `BodyDependency`) for automatic DB lookups from path or body parameters
 - **Fixtures**: Fixture system with dependency management, context support, and pytest integration
+- **Model Mixins**: SQLAlchemy mixins for common column patterns (`UUIDMixin`, `CreatedAtMixin`, `UpdatedAtMixin`, `TimestampMixin`)
 - **Standardized API Responses**: Consistent response format with `Response`, `PaginatedResponse`, and `PydanticBase`
 - **Exception Handling**: Structured error responses with automatic OpenAPI documentation
 - **Logging**: Logging configuration with uvicorn integration via `configure_logging` and `get_logger`

docs/migration/v2.md

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# Migrating to v2.0
+
+This page covers every breaking change introduced in **v2.0** and the steps required to update your code.
+
+---
+
+## CRUD
+
+### `schema` is now required in `offset_paginate()` and `cursor_paginate()`
+
+Calls that omit `schema` will now raise a `TypeError` at runtime.
+
+Previously `schema` was optional; omitting it returned raw SQLAlchemy model instances inside the response. It is now a required keyword argument and the response always contains serialized schema instances.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    # schema omitted — returned raw model instances
+    result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, page=1)
+    result = await UserCrud.cursor_paginate(session=session, cursor=token)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, page=1, schema=UserRead)
+    result = await UserCrud.cursor_paginate(session=session, cursor=token, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+### `as_response` removed from `create()`, `get()`, and `update()`
+
+Passing `as_response` to these methods will raise a `TypeError` at runtime.
+
+The `as_response=True` shorthand is replaced by passing a `schema` directly. The return value is a `Response[schema]` when `schema` is provided, or the raw model instance when it is not.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    user = await UserCrud.create(session=session, obj=data, as_response=True)
+    user = await UserCrud.get(session=session, filters=filters, as_response=True)
+    user = await UserCrud.update(session=session, obj=data, filters, as_response=True)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    user = await UserCrud.create(session=session, obj=data, schema=UserRead)
+    user = await UserCrud.get(session=session, filters=filters, schema=UserRead)
+    user = await UserCrud.update(session=session, obj=data, filters, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+### `delete()`: `as_response` renamed and return type changed
+
+`as_response` is gone, and the plain (non-response) call no longer returns `True`.
+
+Two changes were made to `delete()`:
+
+1. The `as_response` parameter is renamed to `return_response`.
+2. When called without `return_response=True`, the method now returns `None` on success instead of `True`.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    ok = await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters)
+    if ok:  # True on success
+        ...
+
+    response = await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters, as_response=True)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters)  # returns None
+
+    response = await UserCrud.delete(session=session, filters=filters, return_response=True)
+    ```
+
+### `paginate()` alias removed
+
+Any call to `crud.paginate(...)` will raise `AttributeError` at runtime.
+
+The `paginate` shorthand was an alias for `offset_paginate`. It has been removed; call `offset_paginate` directly.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    result = await UserCrud.paginate(session=session, page=2, items_per_page=20, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(session=session, page=2, items_per_page=20, schema=UserRead)
+    ```
+
+---
+
+## Exceptions
+
+### Missing `api_error` raises `TypeError` at class definition time
+
+Unfinished or stub exception subclasses that previously compiled fine will now fail on import.
+
+In `v1`, a subclass without `api_error` would only fail when the exception was raised. In `v2`, `__init_subclass__` validates this at class definition time.
+
+=== "Before (`v1`)"
+
+    ```python
+    class MyError(ApiException):
+        pass  # fine until raised
+    ```
+
+=== "Now (`v2`)"
+
+    ```python
+    class MyError(ApiException):
+        pass  # TypeError: MyError must define an 'api_error' class attribute.
+    ```
+
+For shared base classes that are not meant to be raised directly, use `abstract=True`:
+
+```python
+class BillingError(ApiException, abstract=True):
+    """Base for all billing-related errors — not raised directly."""
+
+class PaymentRequiredError(BillingError):
+    api_error = ApiError(code=402, msg="Payment Required", desc="...", err_code="BILLING-402")
+```
+
+---
+
+## Schemas
+
+### `Pagination` alias removed
+
+`Pagination` was already deprecated in `v1` and is fully removed in `v2`, you now need to use [`OffsetPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination) or [`CursorPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination).

docs/module/crud.md

@@ -95,9 +95,6 @@ The [`offset_paginate`](../reference/crud.md#fastapi_toolsets.crud.factory.Async
 }
 ```
 
-!!! warning "Deprecated: `paginate`"
-    The `paginate` function is a backward-compatible alias for `offset_paginate`. This function is **deprecated** and will be removed in **v2.0**.
-
 ### Cursor pagination
 
 ```python
@@ -471,9 +468,6 @@ async def list_users(session: SessionDep, page: int = 1) -> PaginatedResponse[Us
 
 The schema must have `from_attributes=True` (or inherit from [`PydanticBase`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PydanticBase)) so it can be built from SQLAlchemy model instances.
 
-!!! warning "Deprecated: `as_response`"
-    The `as_response=True` parameter is **deprecated** and will be removed in **v2.0**. Replace it with `schema=YourSchema`.
-
 ---
 
 [:material-api: API Reference](../reference/crud.md)

docs/module/schemas.md

@@ -22,16 +22,20 @@ async def get_user(user: User = UserDep) -> Response[UserSchema]:
 
 ### [`PaginatedResponse[T]`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PaginatedResponse)
 
-Wraps a list of items with pagination metadata and optional facet values.
+Wraps a list of items with pagination metadata and optional facet values. The `pagination` field accepts either [`OffsetPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination) or [`CursorPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination) depending on the strategy used.
+
+#### [`OffsetPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination)
+
+Page-number based. Requires `total_count` so clients can compute the total number of pages.
 
 ```python
-from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse, Pagination
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse, OffsetPagination
 
 @router.get("/users")
 async def list_users() -> PaginatedResponse[UserSchema]:
     return PaginatedResponse(
         data=users,
-        pagination=Pagination(
+        pagination=OffsetPagination(
             total_count=100,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -40,6 +44,26 @@ async def list_users() -> PaginatedResponse[UserSchema]:
     )
 ```
 
+#### [`CursorPagination`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination)
+
+Cursor based. Efficient for large or frequently updated datasets where offset pagination is impractical. Provides opaque `next_cursor` / `prev_cursor` tokens; no total count is exposed.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse, CursorPagination
+
+@router.get("/events")
+async def list_events() -> PaginatedResponse[EventSchema]:
+    return PaginatedResponse(
+        data=events,
+        pagination=CursorPagination(
+            next_cursor="eyJpZCI6IDQyfQ==",
+            prev_cursor=None,
+            items_per_page=20,
+            has_more=True,
+        ),
+    )
+```
+
 The optional `filter_attributes` field is populated when `facet_fields` are configured on the CRUD class (see [Filter attributes](crud.md#filter-attributes-facets)). It is `None` by default and can be hidden from API responses with `response_model_exclude_none=True`.
 
 ### [`ErrorResponse`](../reference/schemas.md#fastapi_toolsets.schemas.ErrorResponse)

docs/module/security.md

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+# Security
+
+Composable authentication helpers for FastAPI that use `Security()` for OpenAPI documentation and accept user-provided validator functions with full type flexibility.
+
+## Overview
+
+The `security` module provides four auth source classes and a `MultiAuth` factory. Each class wraps a FastAPI security scheme for OpenAPI and accepts a validator function called as:
+
+```python
+await validator(credential, **kwargs)
+```
+
+where `kwargs` are the extra keyword arguments provided at instantiation (roles, permissions, enums, etc.). The validator returns the authenticated identity (e.g. a `User` model) which becomes the route dependency value.
+
+```python
+from fastapi import Security
+from fastapi_toolsets.security import BearerTokenAuth
+
+async def verify_token(token: str, *, role: str) -> User:
+    user = await db.get_by_token(token)
+    if not user or user.role != role:
+        raise UnauthorizedError()
+    return user
+
+bearer_admin = BearerTokenAuth(verify_token, role="admin")
+
+@app.get("/admin")
+async def admin_route(user: User = Security(bearer_admin)):
+    return user
+```
+
+## Auth sources
+
+### [`BearerTokenAuth`](../reference/security.md#fastapi_toolsets.security.BearerTokenAuth)
+
+Reads the `Authorization: Bearer <token>` header. Wraps `HTTPBearer` for OpenAPI.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.security import BearerTokenAuth
+
+bearer = BearerTokenAuth(validator=verify_token)
+
+@app.get("/me")
+async def me(user: User = Security(bearer)):
+    return user
+```
+
+#### Token prefix
+
+The optional `prefix` parameter restricts a `BearerTokenAuth` instance to tokens
+that start with a given string. The prefix is **kept** in the value passed to the
+validator — store and compare tokens with their prefix included.
+
+This lets you deploy multiple `BearerTokenAuth` instances in the same application
+and disambiguate them efficiently in `MultiAuth`:
+
+```python
+user_bearer = BearerTokenAuth(verify_user, prefix="user_")  # matches "Bearer user_..."
+org_bearer  = BearerTokenAuth(verify_org,  prefix="org_")   # matches "Bearer org_..."
+```
+
+Use [`generate_token()`](#token-generation) to create correctly-prefixed tokens.
+
+#### Token generation
+
+`BearerTokenAuth.generate_token()` produces a secure random token ready to store
+in your database and return to the client. If a prefix is configured it is
+prepended automatically:
+
+```python
+bearer = BearerTokenAuth(verify_token, prefix="user_")
+
+token = bearer.generate_token()   # e.g. "user_Xk3mN..."
+await db.store_token(user_id, token)
+return {"access_token": token, "token_type": "bearer"}
+```
+
+The client sends `Authorization: Bearer user_Xk3mN...` and the validator receives
+the full token (prefix included) to compare against the stored value.
+
+### [`CookieAuth`](../reference/security.md#fastapi_toolsets.security.CookieAuth)
+
+Reads a named cookie. Wraps `APIKeyCookie` for OpenAPI.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.security import CookieAuth
+
+cookie_auth = CookieAuth("session", validator=verify_session)
+
+@app.get("/me")
+async def me(user: User = Security(cookie_auth)):
+    return user
+```
+
+### [`OAuth2Auth`](../reference/security.md#fastapi_toolsets.security.OAuth2Auth)
+
+Reads the `Authorization: Bearer <token>` header and registers the token endpoint
+in OpenAPI via `OAuth2PasswordBearer`.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.security import OAuth2Auth
+
+oauth2_auth = OAuth2Auth(token_url="/token", validator=verify_token)
+
+@app.get("/me")
+async def me(user: User = Security(oauth2_auth)):
+    return user
+```
+
+### [`OpenIDAuth`](../reference/security.md#fastapi_toolsets.security.OpenIDAuth)
+
+Reads the `Authorization: Bearer <token>` header and registers the OpenID Connect
+discovery URL in OpenAPI via `OpenIdConnect`. Token validation is fully delegated
+to your validator — use any OIDC / JWT library (`authlib`, `python-jose`, `PyJWT`).
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.security import OpenIDAuth
+
+async def verify_google_token(token: str, *, audience: str) -> User:
+    payload = jwt.decode(token, google_public_keys, algorithms=["RS256"],
+                         audience=audience)
+    return User(email=payload["email"], name=payload["name"])
+
+google_auth = OpenIDAuth(
+    "https://accounts.google.com/.well-known/openid-configuration",
+    verify_google_token,
+    audience="my-client-id",
+)
+
+@app.get("/me")
+async def me(user: User = Security(google_auth)):
+    return user
+```
+
+The discovery URL is used **only for OpenAPI documentation** — no requests are made
+to it by this class. You are responsible for fetching and caching the provider's
+public keys in your validator.
+
+Multiple providers work naturally with `MultiAuth`:
+
+```python
+multi = MultiAuth(google_auth, github_auth)
+
+@app.get("/data")
+async def data(user: User = Security(multi)):
+    return user
+```
+
+## Typed validator kwargs
+
+All auth classes forward extra instantiation keyword arguments to the validator.
+Arguments can be any type — enums, strings, integers, etc. The validator returns
+the authenticated identity, which FastAPI injects directly into the route handler.
+
+```python
+async def verify_token(token: str, *, role: Role, permission: str) -> User:
+    user = await decode_token(token)
+    if user.role != role or permission not in user.permissions:
+        raise UnauthorizedError()
+    return user
+
+bearer = BearerTokenAuth(verify_token, role=Role.ADMIN, permission="billing:read")
+```
+
+Each auth instance is self-contained — create a separate instance per distinct
+requirement instead of passing requirements through `Security(scopes=[...])`.
+
+### Using `.require()` inline
+
+If declaring a new top-level variable per role feels verbose, use `.require()` to
+create a configured clone directly in the route decorator. The original instance
+is not mutated:
+
+```python
+bearer = BearerTokenAuth(verify_token)
+
+@app.get("/admin/stats")
+async def admin_stats(user: User = Security(bearer.require(role=Role.ADMIN))):
+    return {"message": f"Hello admin {user.name}"}
+
+@app.get("/profile")
+async def profile(user: User = Security(bearer.require(role=Role.USER))):
+    return {"id": user.id, "name": user.name}
+```
+
+`.require()` kwargs are merged over existing ones — new values win on conflict.
+The `prefix` (for `BearerTokenAuth`) and cookie name (for `CookieAuth`) are
+always preserved.
+
+`.require()` instances work transparently inside `MultiAuth`:
+
+```python
+multi = MultiAuth(
+    user_bearer.require(role=Role.USER),
+    org_bearer.require(role=Role.ADMIN),
+)
+```
+
+## MultiAuth
+
+[`MultiAuth`](../reference/security.md#fastapi_toolsets.security.MultiAuth) combines
+multiple auth sources into a single callable. Sources are tried in order; the
+first one that finds a credential wins.
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.security import MultiAuth
+
+multi = MultiAuth(user_bearer, org_bearer, cookie_auth)
+
+@app.get("/data")
+async def data_route(user = Security(multi)):
+    return user
+```
+
+### Using `.require()` on MultiAuth
+
+`MultiAuth` also supports `.require()`, which propagates the kwargs to every
+source that implements it. Sources that do not (e.g. custom `AuthSource`
+subclasses) are passed through unchanged:
+
+```python
+multi = MultiAuth(bearer, cookie)
+
+@app.get("/admin")
+async def admin(user: User = Security(multi.require(role=Role.ADMIN))):
+    return user
+```
+
+This is equivalent to calling `.require()` on each source individually:
+
+```python
+# These two are identical
+multi.require(role=Role.ADMIN)
+
+MultiAuth(
+    bearer.require(role=Role.ADMIN),
+    cookie.require(role=Role.ADMIN),
+)
+```
+
+### Prefix-based dispatch
+
+Because `extract()` is pure string matching (no I/O), prefix-based source
+selection is essentially free. Only the matching source's validator (which may
+involve DB or network I/O) is ever called:
+
+```python
+user_bearer = BearerTokenAuth(verify_user, prefix="user_")
+org_bearer  = BearerTokenAuth(verify_org,  prefix="org_")
+
+multi = MultiAuth(user_bearer, org_bearer)
+
+# "Bearer user_alice" → only verify_user runs, receives "user_alice"
+# "Bearer org_acme"   → only verify_org runs, receives "org_acme"
+```
+
+Tokens are stored and compared **with their prefix** — use `generate_token()` on
+each source to issue correctly-prefixed tokens:
+
+```python
+user_token = user_bearer.generate_token()  # "user_..."
+org_token  = org_bearer.generate_token()   # "org_..."
+```
+
+---
+
+[:material-api: API Reference](../reference/security.md)

docs/reference/schemas.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# `schemas` module
+# `schemas`
 
 Here's the reference for all response models and types provided by the `schemas` module.
 
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
     BaseResponse,
     Response,
     ErrorResponse,
-    Pagination,
+    OffsetPagination,
+    CursorPagination,
     PaginatedResponse,
 )
 ```
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
 
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.ErrorResponse
 
-## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.Pagination
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.OffsetPagination
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.CursorPagination
 
 ## ::: fastapi_toolsets.schemas.PaginatedResponse

docs/reference/security.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# `security`
+
+Here's the reference for the authentication helpers provided by the `security` module.
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi_toolsets.security`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi_toolsets.security import (
+    AuthSource,
+    BearerTokenAuth,
+    CookieAuth,
+    OAuth2Auth,
+    OpenIDAuth,
+    MultiAuth,
+)
+```
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.security.AuthSource
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.security.BearerTokenAuth
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.security.CookieAuth
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.security.OAuth2Auth
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.security.OpenIDAuth
+
+## ::: fastapi_toolsets.security.MultiAuth

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "fastapi-toolsets"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "2.0.0"
 description = "Production-ready utilities for FastAPI applications"
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "MIT"

src/fastapi_toolsets/__init__.py

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ Example usage:
         return Response(data={"user": user.username}, message="Success")
 """
 
-__version__ = "1.3.0"
+__version__ = "2.0.0"

src/fastapi_toolsets/cli/commands/fixtures.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ async def load(
     registry = get_fixtures_registry()
     db_context = get_db_context()
 
-    context_list = [c.value for c in contexts] if contexts else [Context.BASE]
+    context_list = list(contexts) if contexts else [Context.BASE]
 
     ordered = registry.resolve_context_dependencies(*context_list)
 

src/fastapi_toolsets/crud/__init__.py

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 """Generic async CRUD operations for SQLAlchemy models."""
 
 from ..exceptions import InvalidFacetFilterError, NoSearchableFieldsError
-from .factory import CrudFactory, JoinType, M2MFieldType, OrderByClause
-from .search import (
+from ..types import (
     FacetFieldType,
-    SearchConfig,
-    get_searchable_fields,
+    JoinType,
+    M2MFieldType,
+    OrderByClause,
+    SearchFieldType,
 )
+from .factory import CrudFactory
+from .search import SearchConfig, get_searchable_fields
 
 __all__ = [
     "CrudFactory",
@@ -18,4 +21,5 @@ __all__ = [
     "NoSearchableFieldsError",
     "OrderByClause",
     "SearchConfig",
+    "SearchFieldType",
 ]

src/fastapi_toolsets/crud/factory.py

@@ -6,11 +6,10 @@ import base64
 import inspect
 import json
 import uuid as uuid_module
-import warnings
-from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Sequence
 from datetime import date, datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, Literal, Self, TypeVar, cast, overload
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, Literal, Self, cast, overload
 
 from fastapi import Query
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -21,28 +20,28 @@ from sqlalchemy.exc import NoResultFound
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, QueryableAttribute, selectinload
 from sqlalchemy.sql.base import ExecutableOption
-from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import ColumnElement
 from sqlalchemy.sql.roles import WhereHavingRole
 
 from ..db import get_transaction
 from ..exceptions import InvalidOrderFieldError, NotFoundError
 from ..schemas import CursorPagination, OffsetPagination, PaginatedResponse, Response
-from .search import (
+from ..types import (
     FacetFieldType,
-    SearchConfig,
+    JoinType,
+    M2MFieldType,
+    ModelType,
+    OrderByClause,
+    SchemaType,
     SearchFieldType,
+)
+from .search import (
+    SearchConfig,
     build_facets,
     build_filter_by,
     build_search_filters,
     facet_keys,
 )
 
-ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=DeclarativeBase)
-SchemaType = TypeVar("SchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
-JoinType = list[tuple[type[DeclarativeBase], Any]]
-M2MFieldType = Mapping[str, QueryableAttribute[Any]]
-OrderByClause = ColumnElement[Any] | QueryableAttribute[Any]
-
 
 def _encode_cursor(value: Any) -> str:
     """Encode cursor column value as an base64 string."""
@@ -54,6 +53,22 @@ def _decode_cursor(cursor: str) -> str:
     return json.loads(base64.b64decode(cursor.encode()).decode())
 
 
+def _apply_joins(q: Any, joins: JoinType | None, outer_join: bool) -> Any:
+    """Apply a list of (model, condition) joins to a SQLAlchemy select query."""
+    if not joins:
+        return q
+    for model, condition in joins:
+        q = q.outerjoin(model, condition) if outer_join else q.join(model, condition)
+    return q
+
+
+def _apply_search_joins(q: Any, search_joins: list[Any]) -> Any:
+    """Apply relationship-based outer joins (from search/filter_by) to a query."""
+    for join_rel in search_joins:
+        q = q.outerjoin(join_rel)
+    return q
+
+
 class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
     """Generic async CRUD operations for SQLAlchemy models.
 
@@ -133,6 +148,48 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             return set()
         return set(cls.m2m_fields.keys())
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _resolve_facet_fields(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None,
+    ) -> Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None:
+        """Return facet_fields if given, otherwise fall back to the class-level default."""
+        return facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _prepare_filter_by(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None,
+        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None,
+    ) -> tuple[list[Any], list[Any]]:
+        """Normalize filter_by and return (filters, joins) to apply to the query."""
+        if isinstance(filter_by, BaseModel):
+            filter_by = filter_by.model_dump(exclude_none=True)
+        if not filter_by:
+            return [], []
+        resolved = cls._resolve_facet_fields(facet_fields)
+        return build_filter_by(filter_by, resolved or [])
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def _build_filter_attributes(
+        cls: type[Self],
+        session: AsyncSession,
+        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None,
+        filters: list[Any],
+        search_joins: list[Any],
+    ) -> dict[str, list[Any]] | None:
+        """Build facet filter_attributes, or return None if no facet fields configured."""
+        resolved = cls._resolve_facet_fields(facet_fields)
+        if not resolved:
+            return None
+        return await build_facets(
+            session,
+            cls.model,
+            resolved,
+            base_filters=filters,
+            base_joins=search_joins,
+        )
+
     @classmethod
     def filter_params(
         cls: type[Self],
@@ -153,7 +210,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             ValueError: If no facet fields are configured on this CRUD class and none are
                 provided via ``facet_fields``.
         """
-        fields = facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
+        fields = cls._resolve_facet_fields(facet_fields)
         if not fields:
             raise ValueError(
                 f"{cls.__name__} has no facet_fields configured. "
@@ -244,10 +301,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         obj: BaseModel,
         *,
         schema: type[SchemaType],
-        as_response: bool = ...,
     ) -> Response[SchemaType]: ...
 
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
     @overload
     @classmethod
     async def create(  # pragma: no cover
@@ -255,18 +310,6 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         obj: BaseModel,
         *,
-        as_response: Literal[True],
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> Response[ModelType]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def create(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        obj: BaseModel,
-        *,
-        as_response: Literal[False] = ...,
         schema: None = ...,
     ) -> ModelType: ...
 
@@ -276,29 +319,19 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         obj: BaseModel,
         *,
-        as_response: bool = False,
         schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> ModelType | Response[ModelType] | Response[Any]:
+    ) -> ModelType | Response[Any]:
         """Create a new record in the database.
 
         Args:
             session: DB async session
             obj: Pydantic model with data to create
-            as_response: Deprecated. Use ``schema`` instead. Will be removed in v2.0.
             schema: Pydantic schema to serialize the result into. When provided,
                 the result is automatically wrapped in a ``Response[schema]``.
 
         Returns:
-            Created model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given,
-            or ``Response[ModelType]`` when ``as_response=True`` (deprecated).
+            Created model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given.
         """
-        if as_response and schema is None:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "as_response is deprecated and will be removed in v2.0. "
-                "Use schema=YourSchema instead.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-                stacklevel=2,
-            )
         async with get_transaction(session):
             m2m_exclude = cls._m2m_schema_fields()
             data = (
@@ -314,9 +347,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             session.add(db_model)
         await session.refresh(db_model)
         result = cast(ModelType, db_model)
-        if as_response or schema:
-            data_out = schema.model_validate(result) if schema else result
-            return Response(data=data_out)
+        if schema:
+            return Response(data=schema.model_validate(result))
         return result
 
     @overload
@@ -331,10 +363,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         with_for_update: bool = False,
         load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
         schema: type[SchemaType],
-        as_response: bool = ...,
     ) -> Response[SchemaType]: ...
 
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
     @overload
     @classmethod
     async def get(  # pragma: no cover
@@ -346,22 +376,6 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         outer_join: bool = False,
         with_for_update: bool = False,
         load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        as_response: Literal[True],
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> Response[ModelType]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def get(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        filters: list[Any],
-        *,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        with_for_update: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        as_response: Literal[False] = ...,
         schema: None = ...,
     ) -> ModelType: ...
 
@@ -375,9 +389,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         outer_join: bool = False,
         with_for_update: bool = False,
         load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        as_response: bool = False,
         schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> ModelType | Response[ModelType] | Response[Any]:
+    ) -> ModelType | Response[Any]:
         """Get exactly one record. Raises NotFoundError if not found.
 
         Args:
@@ -387,33 +400,18 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             outer_join: Use LEFT OUTER JOIN instead of INNER JOIN
             with_for_update: Lock the row for update
             load_options: SQLAlchemy loader options (e.g., selectinload)
-            as_response: Deprecated. Use ``schema`` instead. Will be removed in v2.0.
             schema: Pydantic schema to serialize the result into. When provided,
                 the result is automatically wrapped in a ``Response[schema]``.
 
         Returns:
-            Model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given,
-            or ``Response[ModelType]`` when ``as_response=True`` (deprecated).
+            Model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given.
 
         Raises:
             NotFoundError: If no record found
             MultipleResultsFound: If more than one record found
         """
-        if as_response and schema is None:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "as_response is deprecated and will be removed in v2.0. "
-                "Use schema=YourSchema instead.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-                stacklevel=2,
-            )
         q = select(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         q = q.where(and_(*filters))
         if resolved := cls._resolve_load_options(load_options):
             q = q.options(*resolved)
@@ -424,9 +422,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         if not item:
             raise NotFoundError()
         result = cast(ModelType, item)
-        if as_response or schema:
-            data_out = schema.model_validate(result) if schema else result
-            return Response(data=data_out)
+        if schema:
+            return Response(data=schema.model_validate(result))
         return result
 
     @classmethod
@@ -452,13 +449,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             Model instance or None
         """
         q = select(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
         if resolved := cls._resolve_load_options(load_options):
@@ -495,13 +486,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             List of model instances
         """
         q = select(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
         if resolved := cls._resolve_load_options(load_options):
@@ -526,10 +511,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         exclude_unset: bool = True,
         exclude_none: bool = False,
         schema: type[SchemaType],
-        as_response: bool = ...,
     ) -> Response[SchemaType]: ...
 
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
     @overload
     @classmethod
     async def update(  # pragma: no cover
@@ -540,21 +523,6 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         *,
         exclude_unset: bool = True,
         exclude_none: bool = False,
-        as_response: Literal[True],
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> Response[ModelType]: ...
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def update(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        obj: BaseModel,
-        filters: list[Any],
-        *,
-        exclude_unset: bool = True,
-        exclude_none: bool = False,
-        as_response: Literal[False] = ...,
         schema: None = ...,
     ) -> ModelType: ...
 
@@ -567,9 +535,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         *,
         exclude_unset: bool = True,
         exclude_none: bool = False,
-        as_response: bool = False,
         schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> ModelType | Response[ModelType] | Response[Any]:
+    ) -> ModelType | Response[Any]:
         """Update a record in the database.
 
         Args:
@@ -578,24 +545,15 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             filters: List of SQLAlchemy filter conditions
             exclude_unset: Exclude fields not explicitly set in the schema
             exclude_none: Exclude fields with None value
-            as_response: Deprecated. Use ``schema`` instead. Will be removed in v2.0.
             schema: Pydantic schema to serialize the result into. When provided,
                 the result is automatically wrapped in a ``Response[schema]``.
 
         Returns:
-            Updated model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given,
-            or ``Response[ModelType]`` when ``as_response=True`` (deprecated).
+            Updated model instance, or ``Response[schema]`` when ``schema`` is given.
 
         Raises:
             NotFoundError: If no record found
         """
-        if as_response and schema is None:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "as_response is deprecated and will be removed in v2.0. "
-                "Use schema=YourSchema instead.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-                stacklevel=2,
-            )
         async with get_transaction(session):
             m2m_exclude = cls._m2m_schema_fields()
 
@@ -625,9 +583,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
                 for rel_attr, related_instances in m2m_resolved.items():
                     setattr(db_model, rel_attr, related_instances)
         await session.refresh(db_model)
-        if as_response or schema:
-            data_out = schema.model_validate(db_model) if schema else db_model
-            return Response(data=data_out)
+        if schema:
+            return Response(data=schema.model_validate(db_model))
         return db_model
 
     @classmethod
@@ -683,7 +640,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         filters: list[Any],
         *,
-        as_response: Literal[True],
+        return_response: Literal[True],
     ) -> Response[None]: ...
 
     @overload
@@ -693,8 +650,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         filters: list[Any],
         *,
-        as_response: Literal[False] = ...,
-    ) -> bool: ...
+        return_response: Literal[False] = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
 
     @classmethod
     async def delete(
@@ -702,33 +659,26 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         session: AsyncSession,
         filters: list[Any],
         *,
-        as_response: bool = False,
-    ) -> bool | Response[None]:
+        return_response: bool = False,
+    ) -> None | Response[None]:
         """Delete records from the database.
 
         Args:
             session: DB async session
             filters: List of SQLAlchemy filter conditions
-            as_response: Deprecated. Will be removed in v2.0. When ``True``,
-                returns ``Response[None]`` instead of ``bool``.
+            return_response: When ``True``, returns ``Response[None]`` instead
+                of ``None``. Useful for API endpoints that expect a consistent
+                response envelope.
 
         Returns:
-            ``True`` if deletion was executed, or ``Response[None]`` when
-            ``as_response=True`` (deprecated).
+            ``None``, or ``Response[None]`` when ``return_response=True``.
         """
-        if as_response:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "as_response is deprecated and will be removed in v2.0. "
-                "Use schema=YourSchema instead.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-                stacklevel=2,
-            )
         async with get_transaction(session):
             q = sql_delete(cls.model).where(and_(*filters))
             await session.execute(q)
-        if as_response:
+        if return_response:
             return Response(data=None)
-        return True
+        return None
 
     @classmethod
     async def count(
@@ -751,13 +701,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             Number of matching records
         """
         q = select(func.count()).select_from(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
         result = await session.execute(q)
@@ -784,58 +728,11 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             True if at least one record matches
         """
         q = select(cls.model)
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
         q = q.where(and_(*filters)).exists().select()
         result = await session.execute(q)
         return bool(result.scalar())
 
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def offset_paginate(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        *,
-        filters: list[Any] | None = None,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: OrderByClause | None = None,
-        page: int = 1,
-        items_per_page: int = 20,
-        search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
-        search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
-        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
-        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: type[SchemaType],
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[SchemaType]: ...
-
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def offset_paginate(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        *,
-        filters: list[Any] | None = None,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: OrderByClause | None = None,
-        page: int = 1,
-        items_per_page: int = 20,
-        search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
-        search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
-        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
-        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[ModelType]: ...
-
     @classmethod
     async def offset_paginate(
         cls: type[Self],
@@ -852,8 +749,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
         facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
         filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[ModelType] | PaginatedResponse[Any]:
+        schema: type[BaseModel],
+    ) -> PaginatedResponse[Any]:
         """Get paginated results using offset-based pagination.
 
         Args:
@@ -871,54 +768,36 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             filter_by: Dict of {column_key: value} to filter by declared facet fields.
                 Keys must match the column.key of a facet field. Scalar → equality,
                 list → IN clause. Raises InvalidFacetFilterError for unknown keys.
-            schema: Optional Pydantic schema to serialize each item into.
+            schema: Pydantic schema to serialize each item into.
 
         Returns:
             PaginatedResponse with OffsetPagination metadata
         """
         filters = list(filters) if filters else []
         offset = (page - 1) * items_per_page
-        search_joins: list[Any] = []
 
-        if isinstance(filter_by, BaseModel):
-            filter_by = filter_by.model_dump(exclude_none=True) or None
-
-        # Build filter_by conditions from declared facet fields
-        if filter_by:
-            resolved_facets_for_filter = (
-                facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
-            )
-            fb_filters, fb_joins = build_filter_by(
-                filter_by, resolved_facets_for_filter or []
-            )
+        fb_filters, search_joins = cls._prepare_filter_by(filter_by, facet_fields)
         filters.extend(fb_filters)
-            search_joins.extend(fb_joins)
 
         # Build search filters
         if search:
-            search_filters, search_joins = build_search_filters(
+            search_filters, new_search_joins = build_search_filters(
                 cls.model,
                 search,
                 search_fields=search_fields,
                 default_fields=cls.searchable_fields,
             )
             filters.extend(search_filters)
+            search_joins.extend(new_search_joins)
 
         # Build query with joins
         q = select(cls.model)
 
         # Apply explicit joins
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
 
         # Apply search joins (always outer joins for search)
-        for join_rel in search_joins:
-            q = q.outerjoin(join_rel)
+        q = _apply_search_joins(q, search_joins)
 
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
@@ -930,9 +809,7 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         q = q.offset(offset).limit(items_per_page)
         result = await session.execute(q)
         raw_items = cast(list[ModelType], result.unique().scalars().all())
-        items: list[Any] = (
-            [schema.model_validate(item) for item in raw_items] if schema else raw_items
-        )
+        items: list[Any] = [schema.model_validate(item) for item in raw_items]
 
         # Count query (with same joins and filters)
         pk_col = cls.model.__mapper__.primary_key[0]
@@ -940,17 +817,10 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         count_q = count_q.select_from(cls.model)
 
         # Apply explicit joins to count query
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                count_q = (
-                    count_q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else count_q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        count_q = _apply_joins(count_q, joins, outer_join)
 
         # Apply search joins to count query
-        for join_rel in search_joins:
-            count_q = count_q.outerjoin(join_rel)
+        count_q = _apply_search_joins(count_q, search_joins)
 
         if filters:
             count_q = count_q.where(and_(*filters))
@@ -958,18 +828,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         count_result = await session.execute(count_q)
         total_count = count_result.scalar_one()
 
-        # Build facets
-        resolved_facet_fields = (
-            facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
-        )
-        filter_attributes: dict[str, list[Any]] | None = None
-        if resolved_facet_fields:
-            filter_attributes = await build_facets(
-                session,
-                cls.model,
-                resolved_facet_fields,
-                base_filters=filters or None,
-                base_joins=search_joins or None,
+        filter_attributes = await cls._build_filter_attributes(
+            session, facet_fields, filters, search_joins
         )
 
         return PaginatedResponse(
@@ -983,50 +843,6 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             filter_attributes=filter_attributes,
         )
 
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
-    paginate = offset_paginate
-
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def cursor_paginate(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        *,
-        cursor: str | None = None,
-        filters: list[Any] | None = None,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: OrderByClause | None = None,
-        items_per_page: int = 20,
-        search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
-        search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
-        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
-        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: type[SchemaType],
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[SchemaType]: ...
-
-    # Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
-    @overload
-    @classmethod
-    async def cursor_paginate(  # pragma: no cover
-        cls: type[Self],
-        session: AsyncSession,
-        *,
-        cursor: str | None = None,
-        filters: list[Any] | None = None,
-        joins: JoinType | None = None,
-        outer_join: bool = False,
-        load_options: list[ExecutableOption] | None = None,
-        order_by: OrderByClause | None = None,
-        items_per_page: int = 20,
-        search: str | SearchConfig | None = None,
-        search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
-        facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
-        filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: None = ...,
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[ModelType]: ...
-
     @classmethod
     async def cursor_paginate(
         cls: type[Self],
@@ -1043,8 +859,8 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         search_fields: Sequence[SearchFieldType] | None = None,
         facet_fields: Sequence[FacetFieldType] | None = None,
         filter_by: dict[str, Any] | BaseModel | None = None,
-        schema: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
-    ) -> PaginatedResponse[ModelType] | PaginatedResponse[Any]:
+        schema: type[BaseModel],
+    ) -> PaginatedResponse[Any]:
         """Get paginated results using cursor-based pagination.
 
         Args:
@@ -1071,21 +887,9 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
             PaginatedResponse with CursorPagination metadata
         """
         filters = list(filters) if filters else []
-        search_joins: list[Any] = []
 
-        if isinstance(filter_by, BaseModel):
-            filter_by = filter_by.model_dump(exclude_none=True) or None
-
-        # Build filter_by conditions from declared facet fields
-        if filter_by:
-            resolved_facets_for_filter = (
-                facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
-            )
-            fb_filters, fb_joins = build_filter_by(
-                filter_by, resolved_facets_for_filter or []
-            )
+        fb_filters, search_joins = cls._prepare_filter_by(filter_by, facet_fields)
         filters.extend(fb_filters)
-            search_joins.extend(fb_joins)
 
         if cls.cursor_column is None:
             raise ValueError(
@@ -1118,29 +922,23 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
 
         # Build search filters
         if search:
-            search_filters, search_joins = build_search_filters(
+            search_filters, new_search_joins = build_search_filters(
                 cls.model,
                 search,
                 search_fields=search_fields,
                 default_fields=cls.searchable_fields,
             )
             filters.extend(search_filters)
+            search_joins.extend(new_search_joins)
 
         # Build query
         q = select(cls.model)
 
         # Apply explicit joins
-        if joins:
-            for model, condition in joins:
-                q = (
-                    q.outerjoin(model, condition)
-                    if outer_join
-                    else q.join(model, condition)
-                )
+        q = _apply_joins(q, joins, outer_join)
 
         # Apply search joins (always outer joins)
-        for join_rel in search_joins:
-            q = q.outerjoin(join_rel)
+        q = _apply_search_joins(q, search_joins)
 
         if filters:
             q = q.where(and_(*filters))
@@ -1170,24 +968,10 @@ class AsyncCrud(Generic[ModelType]):
         if cursor is not None and items_page:
             prev_cursor = _encode_cursor(getattr(items_page[0], cursor_col_name))
 
-        items: list[Any] = (
-            [schema.model_validate(item) for item in items_page]
-            if schema
-            else items_page
-        )
+        items: list[Any] = [schema.model_validate(item) for item in items_page]
 
-        # Build facets
-        resolved_facet_fields = (
-            facet_fields if facet_fields is not None else cls.facet_fields
-        )
-        filter_attributes: dict[str, list[Any]] | None = None
-        if resolved_facet_fields:
-            filter_attributes = await build_facets(
-                session,
-                cls.model,
-                resolved_facet_fields,
-                base_filters=filters or None,
-                base_joins=search_joins or None,
+        filter_attributes = await cls._build_filter_attributes(
+            session, facet_fields, filters, search_joins
         )
 
         return PaginatedResponse(

src/fastapi_toolsets/crud/search.py

@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 """Search utilities for AsyncCrud."""
 
 import asyncio
+import functools
 from collections import Counter
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, replace
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
 
-from sqlalchemy import String, or_, select
+from sqlalchemy import String, and_, or_, select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import InstrumentedAttribute
 
 from ..exceptions import InvalidFacetFilterError, NoSearchableFieldsError
+from ..types import FacetFieldType, SearchFieldType
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import ColumnElement
 
-SearchFieldType = InstrumentedAttribute[Any] | tuple[InstrumentedAttribute[Any], ...]
-FacetFieldType = SearchFieldType
-
 
 @dataclass
 class SearchConfig:
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@ class SearchConfig:
     match_mode: Literal["any", "all"] = "any"
 
 
+@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=128)
 def get_searchable_fields(
     model: type[DeclarativeBase],
     *,
@@ -101,13 +101,10 @@ def build_search_filters(
     if isinstance(search, str):
         config = SearchConfig(query=search, fields=search_fields)
     else:
-        config = search
-        if search_fields is not None:
-            config = SearchConfig(
-                query=config.query,
-                fields=search_fields,
-                case_sensitive=config.case_sensitive,
-                match_mode=config.match_mode,
+        config = (
+            replace(search, fields=search_fields)
+            if search_fields is not None
+            else search
         )
 
     if not config.query or not config.query.strip():
@@ -227,8 +224,6 @@ async def build_facets(
                 q = q.outerjoin(rel)
 
         if base_filters:
-            from sqlalchemy import and_
-
             q = q.where(and_(*base_filters))
 
         q = q.order_by(column)

src/fastapi_toolsets/dependencies.py

@@ -1,20 +1,17 @@
 """Dependency factories for FastAPI routes."""
 
 import inspect
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable
-from typing import Any, TypeVar, cast
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, cast
 
 from fastapi import Depends
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
-from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
 from .crud import CrudFactory
+from .types import ModelType, SessionDependency
 
 __all__ = ["BodyDependency", "PathDependency"]
 
-ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=DeclarativeBase)
-SessionDependency = Callable[[], AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]]
-
 
 def PathDependency(
     model: type[ModelType],

src/fastapi_toolsets/exceptions/handler.py

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
 from ..schemas import ErrorResponse, ResponseStatus
 from .exceptions import ApiException
 
+_VALIDATION_LOCATION_PARAMS: frozenset[str] = frozenset(
+    {"body", "query", "path", "header", "cookie"}
+)
+
 
 def init_exceptions_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> FastAPI:
     """Register exception handlers and custom OpenAPI schema on a FastAPI app.
@@ -99,7 +103,7 @@ def _format_validation_error(
 
     for error in errors:
         locs = error["loc"]
-        if locs and locs[0] in ("body", "query", "path", "header", "cookie"):
+        if locs and locs[0] in _VALIDATION_LOCATION_PARAMS:
             locs = locs[1:]
         field_path = ".".join(str(loc) for loc in locs)
         formatted_errors.append(

src/fastapi_toolsets/fixtures/utils.py

@@ -1,24 +1,84 @@
 """Fixture loading utilities for database seeding."""
 
 from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
-from typing import Any, TypeVar
+from typing import Any
 
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
 
 from ..db import get_transaction
 from ..logger import get_logger
+from ..types import ModelType
 from .enum import LoadStrategy
 from .registry import Context, FixtureRegistry
 
 logger = get_logger()
 
-T = TypeVar("T", bound=DeclarativeBase)
+
+async def _load_ordered(
+    session: AsyncSession,
+    registry: FixtureRegistry,
+    ordered_names: list[str],
+    strategy: LoadStrategy,
+) -> dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]]:
+    """Load fixtures in order."""
+    results: dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]] = {}
+
+    for name in ordered_names:
+        fixture = registry.get(name)
+        instances = list(fixture.func())
+
+        if not instances:
+            results[name] = []
+            continue
+
+        model_name = type(instances[0]).__name__
+        loaded: list[DeclarativeBase] = []
+
+        async with get_transaction(session):
+            for instance in instances:
+                if strategy == LoadStrategy.INSERT:
+                    session.add(instance)
+                    loaded.append(instance)
+
+                elif strategy == LoadStrategy.MERGE:
+                    merged = await session.merge(instance)
+                    loaded.append(merged)
+
+                else:  # LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+                    pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
+                    if pk is not None:
+                        existing = await session.get(type(instance), pk)
+                        if existing is None:
+                            session.add(instance)
+                            loaded.append(instance)
+                    else:
+                        session.add(instance)
+                        loaded.append(instance)
+
+        results[name] = loaded
+        logger.info(f"Loaded fixture '{name}': {len(loaded)} {model_name}(s)")
+
+    return results
+
+
+def _get_primary_key(instance: DeclarativeBase) -> Any | None:
+    """Get the primary key value of a model instance."""
+    mapper = instance.__class__.__mapper__
+    pk_cols = mapper.primary_key
+
+    if len(pk_cols) == 1:
+        return getattr(instance, pk_cols[0].name, None)
+
+    pk_values = tuple(getattr(instance, col.name, None) for col in pk_cols)
+    if all(v is not None for v in pk_values):
+        return pk_values
+    return None
 
 
 def get_obj_by_attr(
-    fixtures: Callable[[], Sequence[T]], attr_name: str, value: Any
-) -> T:
+    fixtures: Callable[[], Sequence[ModelType]], attr_name: str, value: Any
+) -> ModelType:
     """Get a SQLAlchemy model instance by matching an attribute value.
 
     Args:
@@ -57,13 +117,6 @@ async def load_fixtures(
 
     Returns:
         Dict mapping fixture names to loaded instances
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        # Loads 'roles' first (dependency), then 'users'
-        result = await load_fixtures(session, fixtures, "users")
-        print(result["users"])  # [User(...), ...]
-        ```
     """
     ordered = registry.resolve_dependencies(*names)
     return await _load_ordered(session, registry, ordered, strategy)
@@ -85,76 +138,6 @@ async def load_fixtures_by_context(
 
     Returns:
         Dict mapping fixture names to loaded instances
-
-    Example:
-        ```python
-        # Load base + testing fixtures
-        await load_fixtures_by_context(
-            session, fixtures,
-            Context.BASE, Context.TESTING
-        )
-        ```
     """
     ordered = registry.resolve_context_dependencies(*contexts)
     return await _load_ordered(session, registry, ordered, strategy)
-
-
-async def _load_ordered(
-    session: AsyncSession,
-    registry: FixtureRegistry,
-    ordered_names: list[str],
-    strategy: LoadStrategy,
-) -> dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]]:
-    """Load fixtures in order."""
-    results: dict[str, list[DeclarativeBase]] = {}
-
-    for name in ordered_names:
-        fixture = registry.get(name)
-        instances = list(fixture.func())
-
-        if not instances:
-            results[name] = []
-            continue
-
-        model_name = type(instances[0]).__name__
-        loaded: list[DeclarativeBase] = []
-
-        async with get_transaction(session):
-            for instance in instances:
-                if strategy == LoadStrategy.INSERT:
-                    session.add(instance)
-                    loaded.append(instance)
-
-                elif strategy == LoadStrategy.MERGE:
-                    merged = await session.merge(instance)
-                    loaded.append(merged)
-
-                elif strategy == LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING:
-                    pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
-                    if pk is not None:
-                        existing = await session.get(type(instance), pk)
-                        if existing is None:
-                            session.add(instance)
-                            loaded.append(instance)
-                    else:
-                        session.add(instance)
-                        loaded.append(instance)
-
-        results[name] = loaded
-        logger.info(f"Loaded fixture '{name}': {len(loaded)} {model_name}(s)")
-
-    return results
-
-
-def _get_primary_key(instance: DeclarativeBase) -> Any | None:
-    """Get the primary key value of a model instance."""
-    mapper = instance.__class__.__mapper__
-    pk_cols = mapper.primary_key
-
-    if len(pk_cols) == 1:
-        return getattr(instance, pk_cols[0].name, None)
-
-    pk_values = tuple(getattr(instance, col.name, None) for col in pk_cols)
-    if all(v is not None for v in pk_values):
-        return pk_values
-    return None

src/fastapi_toolsets/metrics/handler.py

@@ -53,17 +53,23 @@ def init_metrics(
         logger.debug("Initialising metric provider '%s'", provider.name)
         provider.func()
 
-    collectors = registry.get_collectors()
+    # Partition collectors and cache env check at startup — both are stable for the app lifetime.
+    async_collectors = [
+        c for c in registry.get_collectors() if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(c.func)
+    ]
+    sync_collectors = [
+        c for c in registry.get_collectors() if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(c.func)
+    ]
+    multiprocess_mode = _is_multiprocess()
 
     @app.get(path, include_in_schema=False)
     async def metrics_endpoint() -> Response:
-        for collector in collectors:
-            if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(collector.func):
-                await collector.func()
-            else:
+        for collector in sync_collectors:
             collector.func()
+        for collector in async_collectors:
+            await collector.func()
 
-        if _is_multiprocess():
+        if multiprocess_mode:
             prom_registry = CollectorRegistry()
             multiprocess.MultiProcessCollector(prom_registry)
             output = generate_latest(prom_registry)

src/fastapi_toolsets/schemas.py

@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 """Base Pydantic schemas for API responses."""
 
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Generic
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
 
+from .types import DataT
+
 __all__ = [
     "ApiError",
     "CursorPagination",
     "ErrorResponse",
     "OffsetPagination",
-    "Pagination",
     "PaginatedResponse",
     "PydanticBase",
     "Response",
     "ResponseStatus",
 ]
 
-DataT = TypeVar("DataT")
-
 
 class PydanticBase(BaseModel):
     """Base class for all Pydantic models with common configuration."""
@@ -108,10 +107,6 @@ class OffsetPagination(PydanticBase):
     has_more: bool
 
 
-# Backward-compatible - will be removed in v2.0
-Pagination = OffsetPagination
-
-
 class CursorPagination(PydanticBase):
     """Pagination metadata for cursor-based list responses.
 

src/fastapi_toolsets/security/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+"""Authentication helpers for FastAPI using Security()."""
+
+from .base import AuthSource
+from .multi import MultiAuth
+from .sources import BearerTokenAuth, CookieAuth, OAuth2Auth, OpenIDAuth
+
+__all__ = [
+    "AuthSource",
+    "BearerTokenAuth",
+    "CookieAuth",
+    "OAuth2Auth",
+    "OpenIDAuth",
+    "MultiAuth",
+]

src/fastapi_toolsets/security/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+"""Abstract base class for authentication sources."""
+
+import inspect
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+from fastapi import Request
+from fastapi.security import SecurityScopes
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import UnauthorizedError
+
+
+class AuthSource(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for authentication sources.
+
+    Subclass this to create a custom auth source that works with
+    :func:`~fastapi_toolsets.security.MultiAuth` and can be used directly
+    with :func:`fastapi.Security`.
+
+    Concrete subclasses must implement :meth:`extract` and
+    :meth:`authenticate`. The default :meth:`__call__` (set up in
+    :meth:`__init__`) wires them together for FastAPI dependency injection.
+
+    Custom subclasses with their own ``__init__`` **must** call
+    ``super().__init__()`` to activate the default dependency behaviour::
+
+        class JWTAuth(AuthSource):
+            def __init__(self, secret: str, *, role: str | None = None):
+                super().__init__()   # required
+                self._secret = secret
+                self._role = role
+
+            async def extract(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+                auth = request.headers.get("Authorization", "")
+                if not auth.startswith("Bearer "):
+                    return None
+                return auth[7:] or None
+
+            async def authenticate(self, credential: str) -> User:
+                payload = jwt.decode(credential, self._secret)
+                if self._role and payload.get("role") != self._role:
+                    raise UnauthorizedError()
+                return User(**payload)
+
+        jwt_auth = JWTAuth(secret="mysecret")
+
+        @app.get("/me")
+        async def me(user: User = Security(jwt_auth)):
+            return user
+
+        # Works with MultiAuth too
+        multi = MultiAuth(jwt_auth, CookieAuth("session", verify_session))
+
+    .. note::
+        The default ``__call__`` does not register a security scheme in the
+        OpenAPI spec. Built-in sources (``BearerTokenAuth`` etc.) override
+        ``__call__`` using the ``__signature__`` trick to provide a FastAPI
+        security scheme for Swagger UI.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """Set up the default FastAPI dependency signature.
+
+        Creates a closure that FastAPI can introspect to inject
+        :class:`fastapi.Request` and :class:`fastapi.security.SecurityScopes`.
+        The :meth:`__signature__` attribute is set so that ``inspect.signature``
+        (which FastAPI uses internally) returns the correct parameter list.
+
+        Subclasses with their own ``__init__`` must call ``super().__init__()``.
+        Built-in subclasses (``BearerTokenAuth`` etc.) skip this and set up
+        their own ``_call_fn`` / ``__signature__`` directly.
+        """
+        source = self
+
+        async def _call(
+            request: Request,
+            security_scopes: SecurityScopes,  # noqa: ARG001
+        ) -> Any:
+            credential = await source.extract(request)
+            if credential is None:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return await source.authenticate(credential)
+
+        self._call_fn: Callable[..., Any] = _call
+        self.__signature__ = inspect.signature(_call)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def extract(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        """Extract the raw credential from the request without validating.
+
+        Returns ``None`` if no credential is present for this source.
+        This method must be fast and free of I/O — it is called by
+        :func:`~fastapi_toolsets.security.MultiAuth` for every source on
+        every request.
+        """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def authenticate(self, credential: str) -> Any:
+        """Validate a credential and return the authenticated identity.
+
+        Should raise :class:`~fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.UnauthorizedError`
+        (or any exception) when the credential is invalid. The return value
+        is injected into the route handler as the dependency value.
+        """
+
+    async def __call__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        """FastAPI dependency dispatch.
+
+        Delegates to the closure stored in ``_call_fn``, whose signature
+        (stored in ``__signature__``) tells FastAPI which parameters to inject.
+        """
+        return await self._call_fn(**kwargs)

src/fastapi_toolsets/security/multi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"""MultiAuth: combine multiple authentication sources into a single callable."""
+
+import inspect
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from fastapi import Request
+from fastapi.security import SecurityScopes
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import UnauthorizedError
+
+from .base import AuthSource
+
+
+class MultiAuth:
+    """Combine multiple authentication sources into a single callable.
+
+    Sources are tried in order; the first one whose
+    :meth:`~AuthSource.extract` returns a non-``None`` credential wins.
+    Its :meth:`~AuthSource.authenticate` is called and the result returned.
+
+    If a credential is found but the validator raises, the exception propagates
+    immediately — the remaining sources are **not** tried. This prevents
+    silent fallthrough on invalid credentials.
+
+    If no source provides a credential,
+    :class:`~fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.UnauthorizedError` is raised.
+
+    The :meth:`~AuthSource.extract` method of each source performs only
+    string matching (no I/O), so prefix-based dispatch is essentially free.
+
+    Any :class:`~AuthSource` subclass — including user-defined ones — can be
+    passed as a source.
+
+    Args:
+        *sources: Auth source instances to try in order.
+
+    Example::
+
+        user_bearer = BearerTokenAuth(verify_user, prefix="user_")
+        org_bearer  = BearerTokenAuth(verify_org,  prefix="org_")
+        cookie      = CookieAuth("session", verify_session)
+
+        multi = MultiAuth(user_bearer, org_bearer, cookie)
+
+        @app.get("/data")
+        async def data_route(user = Security(multi)):
+            return user
+
+        # Apply a shared requirement to all sources at once
+        @app.get("/admin")
+        async def admin_route(user = Security(multi.require(role=Role.ADMIN))):
+            return user
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *sources: AuthSource) -> None:
+        self._sources = sources
+
+        _sources = sources
+
+        async def _call(
+            request: Request,
+            security_scopes: SecurityScopes,  # noqa: ARG001
+        ) -> Any:
+            for source in _sources:
+                credential = await source.extract(request)
+                if credential is not None:
+                    return await source.authenticate(credential)
+            raise UnauthorizedError()
+
+        self._call_fn = _call
+        self.__signature__ = inspect.signature(_call)
+
+    async def __call__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        return await self._call_fn(**kwargs)
+
+    def require(self, **kwargs: Any) -> "MultiAuth":
+        """Return a new :class:`MultiAuth` with kwargs forwarded to each source.
+
+        Calls ``.require(**kwargs)`` on every source that supports it. Sources
+        that do not implement ``.require()`` (e.g. custom :class:`~AuthSource`
+        subclasses) are passed through unchanged.
+
+        New kwargs are merged over each source's existing kwargs — new values
+        win on conflict::
+
+            multi = MultiAuth(bearer, cookie)
+
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user = Security(multi.require(role=Role.ADMIN))):
+                return user
+        """
+        new_sources = tuple(
+            cast(Any, source).require(**kwargs)
+            if hasattr(source, "require")
+            else source
+            for source in self._sources
+        )
+        return MultiAuth(*new_sources)

src/fastapi_toolsets/security/sources/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+"""Built-in authentication source implementations."""
+
+from .bearer import BearerTokenAuth
+from .cookie import CookieAuth
+from .oauth2 import OAuth2Auth
+from .openid import OpenIDAuth
+
+__all__ = ["BearerTokenAuth", "CookieAuth", "OAuth2Auth", "OpenIDAuth"]

src/fastapi_toolsets/security/sources/bearer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+"""Bearer token authentication source."""
+
+import inspect
+import secrets
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Callable
+
+from fastapi import Depends
+from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer, SecurityScopes
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import UnauthorizedError
+
+from ..base import AuthSource
+
+
+class BearerTokenAuth(AuthSource):
+    """Bearer token authentication source.
+
+    Wraps :class:`fastapi.security.HTTPBearer` for OpenAPI documentation.
+    The validator is called as ``await validator(credential, **kwargs)``
+    where ``kwargs`` are the extra keyword arguments provided at instantiation.
+
+    Args:
+        validator: Async callable that receives the credential and any extra
+            keyword arguments, and returns the authenticated identity (e.g. a
+            ``User`` model). Should raise
+            :class:`~fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.UnauthorizedError` on failure.
+        prefix: Optional token prefix (e.g. ``"user_"``). If set, only tokens
+            whose value starts with this prefix are matched. The prefix is
+            **kept** in the value passed to the validator — store and compare
+            tokens with their prefix included. Use :meth:`generate_token` to
+            create correctly-prefixed tokens. This enables multiple
+            ``BearerTokenAuth`` instances in the same app (e.g. ``"user_"``
+            for user tokens, ``"org_"`` for org tokens).
+        **kwargs: Extra keyword arguments forwarded to the validator on every
+            call (e.g. ``role=Role.ADMIN``).
+
+    Example::
+
+        async def verify_token(token: str, *, role: Role) -> User:
+            user = await db.get_by_token(token)   # token includes prefix
+            if not user or user.role != role:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return user
+
+        bearer_admin = BearerTokenAuth(verify_token, prefix="user_", role=Role.ADMIN)
+
+        # Generate a token to store in DB and return to the client:
+        token = bearer_admin.generate_token()   # e.g. "user_Xk3..."
+
+        @app.get("/admin")
+        async def admin_route(user: User = Security(bearer_admin)):
+            return user
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        validator: Callable[..., Any],
+        *,
+        prefix: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._validator = validator
+        self._prefix = prefix
+        self._kwargs = kwargs
+        self._scheme = HTTPBearer(auto_error=False)
+
+        # Capture locals for the closure — self._scheme cannot be referenced
+        # inside the Annotated default because annotations are evaluated at
+        # function-definition time (no `from __future__ import annotations`).
+        _scheme = self._scheme
+        _validator = validator
+        _kwargs = kwargs
+        _prefix = prefix
+
+        async def _call(
+            # security_scopes is unused in the body but its presence in the
+            # signature tells FastAPI to aggregate scopes from Security() calls
+            # up the dependency chain and expose them in the OpenAPI schema.
+            security_scopes: SecurityScopes,  # noqa: ARG001
+            credentials: Annotated[
+                HTTPAuthorizationCredentials | None, Depends(_scheme)
+            ] = None,
+        ) -> Any:
+            if credentials is None:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            token = credentials.credentials
+            if _prefix is not None and not token.startswith(_prefix):
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return await _validator(token, **_kwargs)
+
+        # __call__ must be defined on the class (not the instance) so that
+        # callable(self) returns True. We expose the closure's signature via
+        # __signature__ so FastAPI resolves the correct sub-dependencies.
+        self._call_fn = _call
+        self.__signature__ = inspect.signature(_call)
+
+    async def __call__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        return await self._call_fn(**kwargs)
+
+    async def extract(self, request: Any) -> str | None:
+        """Extract the raw credential from the request without validating.
+
+        Returns ``None`` if no ``Authorization: Bearer`` header is present,
+        the token is empty, or the token does not match the configured prefix.
+        The prefix is included in the returned value.
+        """
+        auth = request.headers.get("Authorization", "")
+        if not auth.startswith("Bearer "):
+            return None
+        token = auth[7:]
+        if not token:
+            return None
+        if self._prefix is not None and not token.startswith(self._prefix):
+            return None
+        return token
+
+    async def authenticate(self, credential: str) -> Any:
+        """Validate a credential and return the identity.
+
+        Calls ``await validator(credential, **kwargs)`` where ``kwargs`` are
+        the extra keyword arguments provided at instantiation.
+        """
+        return await self._validator(credential, **self._kwargs)
+
+    def require(self, **kwargs: Any) -> "BearerTokenAuth":
+        """Return a new instance with additional (or overriding) validator kwargs.
+
+        Useful for specifying per-endpoint requirements inline without
+        declaring a new top-level variable::
+
+            bearer = BearerTokenAuth(verify_token)
+
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user: User = Security(bearer.require(role=Role.ADMIN))):
+                return user
+
+        The ``prefix`` is preserved. New kwargs are merged over existing ones
+        (new values win on conflict).
+        """
+        return BearerTokenAuth(
+            self._validator,
+            prefix=self._prefix,
+            **{**self._kwargs, **kwargs},
+        )
+
+    def generate_token(self, nbytes: int = 32) -> str:
+        """Generate a secure random token for this auth source.
+
+        Returns a URL-safe random token. If a prefix is configured it is
+        prepended — the returned value is what you store in your database
+        and return to the client as-is.
+
+        Args:
+            nbytes: Number of random bytes before base64 encoding. The
+                resulting string is ``ceil(nbytes * 4 / 3)`` characters
+                (43 chars for the default 32 bytes). Defaults to 32.
+
+        Returns:
+            A ready-to-use token string (e.g. ``"user_Xk3..."``).
+
+        Example::
+
+            bearer = BearerTokenAuth(verify_token, prefix="user_")
+            token = bearer.generate_token()   # "user_<random>"
+            await db.store_token(user_id, token)
+            return {"access_token": token, "token_type": "bearer"}
+        """
+        token = secrets.token_urlsafe(nbytes)
+        if self._prefix is not None:
+            return f"{self._prefix}{token}"
+        return token

src/fastapi_toolsets/security/sources/cookie.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""Cookie-based authentication source."""
+
+import inspect
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Callable
+
+from fastapi import Depends, Request
+from fastapi.security import APIKeyCookie, SecurityScopes
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import UnauthorizedError
+
+from ..base import AuthSource
+
+
+class CookieAuth(AuthSource):
+    """Cookie-based authentication source.
+
+    Wraps :class:`fastapi.security.APIKeyCookie` for OpenAPI documentation.
+
+    Args:
+        name: Cookie name to read the credential from.
+        validator: Async callable that receives the cookie value and any extra
+            keyword arguments, and returns the authenticated identity.
+        **kwargs: Extra keyword arguments forwarded to the validator on every
+            call.
+
+    Example::
+
+        async def verify_session(session_id: str) -> User:
+            user = await db.get_by_session(session_id)
+            if not user:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return user
+
+        cookie_auth = CookieAuth("session", verify_session)
+
+        @app.get("/me")
+        async def me(user: User = Security(cookie_auth)):
+            return user
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        validator: Callable[..., Any],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._name = name
+        self._validator = validator
+        self._kwargs = kwargs
+        self._scheme = APIKeyCookie(name=name, auto_error=False)
+
+        _scheme = self._scheme
+        _validator = validator
+        _kwargs = kwargs
+
+        async def _call(
+            security_scopes: SecurityScopes,  # noqa: ARG001
+            value: Annotated[str | None, Depends(_scheme)] = None,
+        ) -> Any:
+            if value is None:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return await _validator(value, **_kwargs)
+
+        self._call_fn = _call
+        self.__signature__ = inspect.signature(_call)
+
+    async def __call__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        return await self._call_fn(**kwargs)
+
+    async def extract(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        """Extract the cookie value from the request without validating."""
+        return request.cookies.get(self._name)
+
+    async def authenticate(self, credential: str) -> Any:
+        """Validate a credential and return the identity."""
+        return await self._validator(credential, **self._kwargs)
+
+    def require(self, **kwargs: Any) -> "CookieAuth":
+        """Return a new instance with additional (or overriding) validator kwargs.
+
+        The cookie name is preserved. New kwargs are merged over existing ones
+        (new values win on conflict)::
+
+            cookie = CookieAuth("session", verify_session)
+
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user: User = Security(cookie.require(role=Role.ADMIN))):
+                return user
+        """
+        return CookieAuth(
+            self._name,
+            self._validator,
+            **{**self._kwargs, **kwargs},
+        )

src/fastapi_toolsets/security/sources/oauth2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+"""OAuth2 password-bearer authentication source."""
+
+import inspect
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Callable
+
+from fastapi import Depends, Request
+from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, SecurityScopes
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import UnauthorizedError
+
+from ..base import AuthSource
+
+
+class OAuth2Auth(AuthSource):
+    """OAuth2 password-bearer authentication source.
+
+    Wraps :class:`fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordBearer` for OpenAPI
+    documentation.
+
+    Args:
+        token_url: URL of the token endpoint (used in OpenAPI docs).
+        validator: Async callable that receives the token and any extra keyword
+            arguments, and returns the authenticated identity.
+        **kwargs: Extra keyword arguments forwarded to the validator on every
+            call.
+
+    Example::
+
+        async def verify_token(token: str) -> User:
+            ...
+
+        oauth2_auth = OAuth2Auth(token_url="/token", validator=verify_token)
+
+        @app.get("/me")
+        async def me(user: User = Security(oauth2_auth)):
+            return user
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        token_url: str,
+        validator: Callable[..., Any],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._token_url = token_url
+        self._validator = validator
+        self._kwargs = kwargs
+        self._scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl=token_url, auto_error=False)
+
+        _scheme = self._scheme
+        _validator = validator
+        _kwargs = kwargs
+
+        async def _call(
+            security_scopes: SecurityScopes,  # noqa: ARG001
+            token: Annotated[str | None, Depends(_scheme)] = None,
+        ) -> Any:
+            if token is None:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return await _validator(token, **_kwargs)
+
+        self._call_fn = _call
+        self.__signature__ = inspect.signature(_call)
+
+    async def __call__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        return await self._call_fn(**kwargs)
+
+    async def extract(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        """Extract the bearer token from the Authorization header."""
+        auth = request.headers.get("Authorization", "")
+        if not auth.startswith("Bearer "):
+            return None
+        token = auth[7:]
+        return token or None
+
+    async def authenticate(self, credential: str) -> Any:
+        """Validate a credential and return the identity."""
+        return await self._validator(credential, **self._kwargs)
+
+    def require(self, **kwargs: Any) -> "OAuth2Auth":
+        """Return a new instance with additional (or overriding) validator kwargs.
+
+        The token URL is preserved. New kwargs are merged over existing ones
+        (new values win on conflict)::
+
+            oauth2 = OAuth2Auth("/token", verify_token)
+
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user: User = Security(oauth2.require(role=Role.ADMIN))):
+                return user
+        """
+        return OAuth2Auth(
+            self._token_url,
+            self._validator,
+            **{**self._kwargs, **kwargs},
+        )

src/fastapi_toolsets/security/sources/openid.py

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+"""OpenID Connect authentication source."""
+
+import inspect
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Callable
+
+from fastapi import Depends, Request
+from fastapi.security import OpenIdConnect, SecurityScopes
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import UnauthorizedError
+
+from ..base import AuthSource
+
+
+class OpenIDAuth(AuthSource):
+    """OpenID Connect authentication source.
+
+    Wraps :class:`fastapi.security.OpenIdConnect` for OpenAPI documentation.
+    Token extraction reads the ``Authorization: Bearer <token>`` header;
+    validation is fully delegated to the user-supplied validator (use any
+    OIDC / JWT library such as ``authlib``, ``python-jose``, or ``PyJWT``).
+
+    Args:
+        openid_connect_url: URL of the OIDC discovery document
+            (``/.well-known/openid-configuration``). Used only for OpenAPI
+            documentation — no requests are made to this URL by this class.
+        validator: Async callable that receives the raw bearer token and any
+            extra keyword arguments, and returns the authenticated identity.
+            Should raise :class:`~fastapi_toolsets.exceptions.UnauthorizedError`
+            on failure.
+        **kwargs: Extra keyword arguments forwarded to the validator on every
+            call (e.g. ``audience="my-app"``).
+
+    Example — Google::
+
+        import jwt  # e.g. PyJWT or python-jose
+
+        async def verify_google_token(token: str, *, audience: str) -> User:
+            payload = jwt.decode(token, google_public_keys, algorithms=["RS256"],
+                                 audience=audience)
+            return User(email=payload["email"], name=payload["name"])
+
+        google_auth = OpenIDAuth(
+            "https://accounts.google.com/.well-known/openid-configuration",
+            verify_google_token,
+            audience="my-client-id",
+        )
+
+        @app.get("/me")
+        async def me(user: User = Security(google_auth)):
+            return user
+
+    Multiple providers with :func:`~fastapi_toolsets.security.MultiAuth`::
+
+        multi = MultiAuth(google_auth, github_auth)
+
+        @app.get("/data")
+        async def data(user: User = Security(multi)):
+            return user
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        openid_connect_url: str,
+        validator: Callable[..., Any],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self._openid_connect_url = openid_connect_url
+        self._validator = validator
+        self._kwargs = kwargs
+        self._scheme = OpenIdConnect(
+            openIdConnectUrl=openid_connect_url, auto_error=False
+        )
+
+        _scheme = self._scheme
+        _validator = validator
+        _kwargs = kwargs
+
+        async def _call(
+            security_scopes: SecurityScopes,  # noqa: ARG001
+            # OpenIdConnect (OAuth2 base) returns the full Authorization header
+            # value (e.g. "Bearer <token>"), unlike OAuth2PasswordBearer which
+            # strips the scheme prefix.
+            authorization: Annotated[str | None, Depends(_scheme)] = None,
+        ) -> Any:
+            if authorization is None:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            if not authorization.startswith("Bearer "):
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            token = authorization[7:]
+            if not token:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return await _validator(token, **_kwargs)
+
+        self._call_fn = _call
+        self.__signature__ = inspect.signature(_call)
+
+    async def __call__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        return await self._call_fn(**kwargs)
+
+    async def extract(self, request: Request) -> str | None:
+        """Extract the bearer token from the Authorization header."""
+        auth = request.headers.get("Authorization", "")
+        if not auth.startswith("Bearer "):
+            return None
+        return auth[7:] or None
+
+    async def authenticate(self, credential: str) -> Any:
+        """Validate a credential and return the identity."""
+        return await self._validator(credential, **self._kwargs)
+
+    def require(self, **kwargs: Any) -> "OpenIDAuth":
+        """Return a new instance with additional (or overriding) validator kwargs.
+
+        The discovery URL is preserved. New kwargs are merged over existing ones
+        (new values win on conflict)::
+
+            google_auth = OpenIDAuth(discovery_url, verify_google_token, audience="app")
+
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user: User = Security(google_auth.require(role=Role.ADMIN))):
+                return user
+        """
+        return OpenIDAuth(
+            self._openid_connect_url,
+            self._validator,
+            **{**self._kwargs, **kwargs},
+        )

src/fastapi_toolsets/types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Shared type aliases for the fastapi-toolsets package."""
+
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Mapping
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, QueryableAttribute
+from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import InstrumentedAttribute
+from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import ColumnElement
+
+# Generic TypeVars
+DataT = TypeVar("DataT")
+ModelType = TypeVar("ModelType", bound=DeclarativeBase)
+SchemaType = TypeVar("SchemaType", bound=BaseModel)
+
+# CRUD type aliases
+JoinType = list[tuple[type[DeclarativeBase], Any]]
+M2MFieldType = Mapping[str, QueryableAttribute[Any]]
+OrderByClause = ColumnElement[Any] | QueryableAttribute[Any]
+
+# Search / facet type aliases
+SearchFieldType = InstrumentedAttribute[Any] | tuple[InstrumentedAttribute[Any], ...]
+FacetFieldType = SearchFieldType
+
+# Dependency type aliases
+SessionDependency = Callable[[], AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]]

tests/conftest.py

@@ -92,6 +92,15 @@ class IntRole(Base):
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), unique=True)
 
 
+class Permission(Base):
+    """Test model with composite primary key."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "permissions"
+
+    subject: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), primary_key=True)
+    action: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(50), primary_key=True)
+
+
 class Event(Base):
     """Test model with DateTime and Date cursor columns."""
 
@@ -162,6 +171,7 @@ class UserRead(PydanticBase):
 
     id: uuid.UUID
     username: str
+    is_active: bool = True
 
 
 class UserUpdate(BaseModel):
@@ -218,12 +228,26 @@ class PostM2MUpdate(BaseModel):
     tag_ids: list[uuid.UUID] | None = None
 
 
+class IntRoleRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading an IntRole."""
+
+    id: int
+    name: str
+
+
 class IntRoleCreate(BaseModel):
     """Schema for creating an IntRole."""
 
     name: str
 
 
+class EventRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading an Event."""
+
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    name: str
+
+
 class EventCreate(BaseModel):
     """Schema for creating an Event."""
 
@@ -232,6 +256,13 @@ class EventCreate(BaseModel):
     scheduled_date: datetime.date
 
 
+class ProductRead(PydanticBase):
+    """Schema for reading a Product."""
+
+    id: uuid.UUID
+    name: str
+
+
 class ProductCreate(BaseModel):
     """Schema for creating a Product."""
 

tests/test_crud.py

@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ from .conftest import (
     EventCrud,
     EventDateCursorCrud,
     EventDateTimeCursorCrud,
+    EventRead,
     IntRoleCreate,
     IntRoleCursorCrud,
+    IntRoleRead,
     Post,
     PostCreate,
     PostCrud,
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ from .conftest import (
     ProductCreate,
     ProductCrud,
     ProductNumericCursorCrud,
+    ProductRead,
     Role,
     RoleCreate,
     RoleCrud,
@@ -169,7 +172,14 @@ class TestDefaultLoadOptionsIntegration:
     async def test_default_load_options_applied_to_paginate(
         self, db_session: AsyncSession
     ):
-        """default_load_options loads relationships automatically on paginate()."""
+        """default_load_options loads relationships automatically on offset_paginate()."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PydanticBase
+
+        class UserWithRoleRead(PydanticBase):
+            id: uuid.UUID
+            username: str
+            role: RoleRead | None = None
+
         UserWithDefaultLoad = CrudFactory(
             User, default_load_options=[selectinload(User.role)]
         )
@@ -178,7 +188,9 @@ class TestDefaultLoadOptionsIntegration:
             db_session,
             UserCreate(username="alice", email="alice@test.com", role_id=role.id),
         )
-        result = await UserWithDefaultLoad.paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserWithDefaultLoad.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, schema=UserWithRoleRead
+        )
         assert result.data[0].role is not None
         assert result.data[0].role.name == "admin"
 
@@ -430,7 +442,7 @@ class TestCrudDelete:
         role = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="to_delete"))
         result = await RoleCrud.delete(db_session, [Role.id == role.id])
 
-        assert result is True
+        assert result is None
         assert await RoleCrud.first(db_session, [Role.id == role.id]) is None
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
@@ -454,6 +466,20 @@ class TestCrudDelete:
         assert len(remaining) == 1
         assert remaining[0].username == "u3"
 
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_delete_return_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """Delete with return_response=True returns Response[None]."""
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
+
+        role = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="to_delete_resp"))
+        result = await RoleCrud.delete(
+            db_session, [Role.id == role.id], return_response=True
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(result, Response)
+        assert result.data is None
+        assert await RoleCrud.first(db_session, [Role.id == role.id]) is None
+
 
 class TestCrudExists:
     """Tests for CRUD exists operations."""
@@ -594,7 +620,9 @@ class TestCrudPaginate:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
 
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(db_session, page=1, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, page=1, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert len(result.data) == 10
@@ -609,7 +637,9 @@ class TestCrudPaginate:
         for i in range(25):
             await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
 
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(db_session, page=3, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, page=3, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 5
         assert result.pagination.has_more is False
@@ -629,11 +659,12 @@ class TestCrudPaginate:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
             page=1,
             items_per_page=10,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -646,11 +677,12 @@ class TestCrudPaginate:
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="alpha"))
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="bravo"))
 
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             order_by=Role.name,
             page=1,
             items_per_page=10,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
 
         names = [r.name for r in result.data]
@@ -855,12 +887,13 @@ class TestCrudJoins:
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
 
         # Paginate users with published posts
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             joins=[(Post, Post.author_id == User.id)],
             filters=[Post.is_published == True],  # noqa: E712
             page=1,
             items_per_page=10,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -889,12 +922,13 @@ class TestCrudJoins:
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination
 
         # Paginate with outer join
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             joins=[(Post, Post.author_id == User.id)],
             outer_join=True,
             page=1,
             items_per_page=10,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -931,70 +965,6 @@ class TestCrudJoins:
         assert users[0].username == "multi_join"
 
 
-class TestAsResponse:
-    """Tests for as_response parameter (deprecated, kept for backward compat)."""
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_create_as_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Create with as_response=True returns Response and emits DeprecationWarning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        data = RoleCreate(name="response_role")
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, data, as_response=True)
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert result.data is not None
-        assert result.data.name == "response_role"
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_get_as_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Get with as_response=True returns Response and emits DeprecationWarning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="get_response"))
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.get(
-                db_session, [Role.id == created.id], as_response=True
-            )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert result.data is not None
-        assert result.data.id == created.id
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_update_as_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Update with as_response=True returns Response and emits DeprecationWarning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="old_name"))
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.update(
-                db_session,
-                RoleUpdate(name="new_name"),
-                [Role.id == created.id],
-                as_response=True,
-            )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert result.data is not None
-        assert result.data.name == "new_name"
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_delete_as_response(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """Delete with as_response=True returns Response and emits DeprecationWarning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="to_delete"))
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.delete(
-                db_session, [Role.id == created.id], as_response=True
-            )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert result.data is None
-
-
 class TestCrudFactoryM2M:
     """Tests for CrudFactory with m2m_fields parameter."""
 
@@ -1475,92 +1445,35 @@ class TestSchemaResponse:
         assert isinstance(result, Response)
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_paginate_with_schema(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """paginate with schema returns PaginatedResponse[SchemaType]."""
+    async def test_offset_paginate_with_schema(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """offset_paginate with schema returns PaginatedResponse[SchemaType]."""
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import PaginatedResponse
 
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="p_role1"))
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="p_role2"))
 
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(db_session, schema=RoleRead)
+        result = await RoleCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=RoleRead)
 
         assert isinstance(result, PaginatedResponse)
         assert len(result.data) == 2
         assert all(isinstance(item, RoleRead) for item in result.data)
 
     @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_paginate_schema_filters_fields(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
-        """paginate with schema only exposes schema fields per item."""
+    async def test_offset_paginate_schema_filters_fields(
+        self, db_session: AsyncSession
+    ):
+        """offset_paginate with schema only exposes schema fields per item."""
         await UserCrud.create(
             db_session,
             UserCreate(username="pg_user", email="pg@test.com"),
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert isinstance(result.data[0], UserRead)
         assert result.data[0].username == "pg_user"
         assert not hasattr(result.data[0], "email")
 
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_as_response_true_without_schema_unchanged(
-        self, db_session: AsyncSession
-    ):
-        """as_response=True without schema still returns Response[ModelType] with a warning."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="compat"))
-        with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning, match="as_response is deprecated"):
-            result = await RoleCrud.get(
-                db_session, [Role.id == created.id], as_response=True
-            )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert isinstance(result.data, Role)
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_schema_with_explicit_as_response_true(
-        self, db_session: AsyncSession
-    ):
-        """schema combined with explicit as_response=True works correctly."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import Response
-
-        created = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="combined"))
-        result = await RoleCrud.get(
-            db_session,
-            [Role.id == created.id],
-            as_response=True,
-            schema=RoleRead,
-        )
-
-        assert isinstance(result, Response)
-        assert isinstance(result.data, RoleRead)
-
-
-class TestPaginateAlias:
-    """Tests that paginate is a backward-compatible alias for offset_paginate."""
-
-    def test_paginate_is_alias_of_offset_paginate(self):
-        """paginate and offset_paginate are the same underlying function."""
-        assert RoleCrud.paginate.__func__ is RoleCrud.offset_paginate.__func__
-
-    @pytest.mark.anyio
-    async def test_paginate_alias_returns_offset_pagination(
-        self, db_session: AsyncSession
-    ):
-        """paginate() still works and returns PaginatedResponse with OffsetPagination."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import OffsetPagination, PaginatedResponse
-
-        for i in range(3):
-            await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
-
-        result = await RoleCrud.paginate(db_session, page=1, items_per_page=10)
-
-        assert isinstance(result, PaginatedResponse)
-        assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
-        assert result.pagination.total_count == 3
-        assert result.pagination.page == 1
-
 
 class TestCursorPaginate:
     """Tests for cursor-based pagination via cursor_paginate()."""
@@ -1573,7 +1486,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
         for i in range(25):
             await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
 
-        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result, PaginatedResponse)
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1591,7 +1506,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
         for i in range(5):
             await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
 
-        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(result.data) == 5
@@ -1606,14 +1523,16 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=10)
+        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(page1.data) == 10
         assert page1.pagination.has_more is True
 
         cursor = page1.pagination.next_cursor
         page2 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, cursor=cursor, items_per_page=10
+            db_session, cursor=cursor, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
         )
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(page2.data) == 5
@@ -1628,12 +1547,15 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=4)
+        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=4, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         page2 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=4,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
 
         ids_page1 = {r.id for r in page1.data}
@@ -1646,7 +1568,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
         """cursor_paginate on an empty table returns empty data with no cursor."""
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=10)
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=10, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert result.data == []
@@ -1671,6 +1595,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 5
@@ -1703,7 +1628,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
         for i in range(5):
             await RoleNameCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name=f"role{i:02d}"))
 
-        result = await RoleNameCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=3)
+        result = await RoleNameCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(result.data) == 3
@@ -1714,7 +1641,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginate:
     async def test_raises_without_cursor_column(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
         """cursor_paginate raises ValueError when cursor_column is not configured."""
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="cursor_column is not set"):
-            await RoleCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session)
+            await RoleCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, schema=RoleRead)
 
 
 class TestCursorPaginatePrevCursor:
@@ -1728,7 +1655,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginatePrevCursor:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=3)
+        result = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=RoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert result.pagination.prev_cursor is None
@@ -1741,12 +1670,15 @@ class TestCursorPaginatePrevCursor:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=5)
+        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=5, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         page2 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=5,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert page2.pagination.prev_cursor is not None
@@ -1762,12 +1694,15 @@ class TestCursorPaginatePrevCursor:
 
         from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
 
-        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=5)
+        page1 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=5, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         page2 = await RoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=5,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert page2.pagination.prev_cursor is not None
@@ -1802,6 +1737,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateWithSearch:
             db_session,
             search="admin",
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 5
@@ -1836,6 +1772,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             db_session,
             joins=[(Role, User.role_id == Role.id)],
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1867,6 +1804,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             joins=[(Role, User.role_id == Role.id)],
             outer_join=True,
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1876,7 +1814,12 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
     @pytest.mark.anyio
     async def test_with_load_options(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
         """cursor_paginate passes load_options to the query."""
-        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination
+        from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import CursorPagination, PydanticBase
+
+        class UserWithRoleRead(PydanticBase):
+            id: uuid.UUID
+            username: str
+            role: RoleRead | None = None
 
         role = await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="manager"))
         for i in range(3):
@@ -1893,6 +1836,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             db_session,
             load_options=[selectinload(User.role)],
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserWithRoleRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1912,6 +1856,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             db_session,
             order_by=Role.name.desc(),
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=RoleRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1925,7 +1870,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
         for i in range(5):
             await IntRoleCursorCrud.create(db_session, IntRoleCreate(name=f"role{i}"))
 
-        page1 = await IntRoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=3)
+        page1 = await IntRoleCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=IntRoleRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(page1.data) == 3
@@ -1935,6 +1882,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=IntRoleRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -1955,7 +1903,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
         await RoleCrud.create(db_session, RoleCreate(name="role01"))
 
         # First page succeeds (no cursor to decode)
-        page1 = await RoleNameCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=1)
+        page1 = await RoleNameCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=1, schema=RoleRead
+        )
         assert page1.pagination.has_more is True
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
 
@@ -1965,6 +1915,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateExtraOptions:
                 db_session,
                 cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
                 items_per_page=1,
+                schema=RoleRead,
             )
 
 
@@ -2003,6 +1954,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateSearchJoins:
             search="administrator",
             search_fields=[(User.role, Role.name)],
             items_per_page=20,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2049,7 +2001,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             )
 
         page1 = await EventDateTimeCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, items_per_page=3
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=EventRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2060,6 +2012,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=EventRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2087,7 +2040,9 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
                 ),
             )
 
-        page1 = await EventDateCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, items_per_page=3)
+        page1 = await EventDateCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=EventRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
         assert len(page1.data) == 3
@@ -2097,6 +2052,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=EventRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2123,7 +2079,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             )
 
         page1 = await ProductNumericCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, items_per_page=3
+            db_session, items_per_page=3, schema=ProductRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page1.pagination, CursorPagination)
@@ -2134,6 +2090,7 @@ class TestCursorPaginateColumnTypes:
             db_session,
             cursor=page1.pagination.next_cursor,
             items_per_page=3,
+            schema=ProductRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(page2.pagination, CursorPagination)

tests/test_crud_search.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from .conftest import (
     User,
     UserCreate,
     UserCrud,
+    UserRead,
 )
 
 
@@ -42,10 +43,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob_smith", email="bob@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="doe",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -61,10 +63,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="company_bob", email="bob@other.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="company",
             search_fields=[User.username, User.email],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -89,10 +92,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             UserCreate(username="user1", email="u1@test.com", role_id=user_role.id),
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="admin",
             search_fields=[(User.role, Role.name)],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -108,10 +112,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
         )
 
         # Search "admin" in username OR role.name
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="admin",
             search_fields=[User.username, (User.role, Role.name)],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -124,10 +129,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="JohnDoe", email="j@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="johndoe",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -141,19 +147,21 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
         )
 
         # Should not find (case mismatch)
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search=SearchConfig(query="johndoe", case_sensitive=True),
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 0
 
         # Should find (case match)
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search=SearchConfig(query="JohnDoe", case_sensitive=True),
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 1
@@ -168,11 +176,13 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="user2", email="u2@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(db_session, search="")
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, search="", schema=UserRead)
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 2
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(db_session, search=None)
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, search=None, schema=UserRead
+        )
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 2
 
@@ -188,11 +198,12 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             UserCreate(username="inactive_john", email="ij@test.com", is_active=False),
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
             search="john",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -206,7 +217,9 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="findme", email="other@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(db_session, search="findme")
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, search="findme", schema=UserRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 1
@@ -218,10 +231,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="john", email="j@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="nonexistent",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -237,12 +251,13 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
                 UserCreate(username=f"user_{i}", email=f"user{i}@test.com"),
             )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="user_",
             search_fields=[User.username],
             page=1,
             items_per_page=5,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -264,10 +279,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
         )
 
         # Search in username, not in role
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="role",
             search_fields=[User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -286,11 +302,12 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob", email="b@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="@test.com",
             search_fields=[User.email],
             order_by=User.username,
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -310,10 +327,11 @@ class TestPaginateSearch:
         )
 
         # Search by UUID (partial match)
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search="12345678",
             search_fields=[User.id, User.username],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -363,10 +381,11 @@ class TestSearchConfig:
         )
 
         # 'john' must be in username AND email
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search=SearchConfig(query="john", match_mode="all"),
             search_fields=[User.username, User.email],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -380,9 +399,10 @@ class TestSearchConfig:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="test", email="findme@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.paginate(
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             search=SearchConfig(query="findme", fields=[User.email]),
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -478,7 +498,7 @@ class TestFacetsNotSet:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="alice", email="a@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is None
 
@@ -490,7 +510,7 @@ class TestFacetsNotSet:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="alice", email="a@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is None
 
@@ -509,7 +529,7 @@ class TestFacetsDirectColumn:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob", email="b@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         # Distinct usernames, sorted
@@ -528,7 +548,7 @@ class TestFacetsDirectColumn:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob", email="b@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         assert set(result.filter_attributes["email"]) == {"a@test.com", "b@test.com"}
@@ -544,7 +564,7 @@ class TestFacetsDirectColumn:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="bob", email="b@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         assert "username" in result.filter_attributes
@@ -561,7 +581,7 @@ class TestFacetsDirectColumn:
 
         # Override: ask for email instead of username
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, facet_fields=[User.email]
+            db_session, facet_fields=[User.email], schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
@@ -587,6 +607,7 @@ class TestFacetsRespectFilters:
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
@@ -617,7 +638,7 @@ class TestFacetsRelationship:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="charlie", email="c@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         assert set(result.filter_attributes["name"]) == {"admin", "editor"}
@@ -632,7 +653,7 @@ class TestFacetsRelationship:
             db_session, UserCreate(username="norole", email="n@test.com")
         )
 
-        result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session)
+        result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, schema=UserRead)
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
         assert result.filter_attributes["name"] == []
@@ -656,7 +677,10 @@ class TestFacetsRelationship:
         )
 
         result = await UserSearchFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, search="admin", search_fields=[(User.role, Role.name)]
+            db_session,
+            search="admin",
+            search_fields=[(User.role, Role.name)],
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert result.filter_attributes is not None
@@ -678,7 +702,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by={"username": "alice"}
+            db_session, filter_by={"username": "alice"}, schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 1
@@ -701,7 +725,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by={"username": ["alice", "bob"]}
+            db_session, filter_by={"username": ["alice", "bob"]}, schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -726,7 +750,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserRelFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by={"name": "admin"}
+            db_session, filter_by={"name": "admin"}, schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -749,6 +773,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
             db_session,
             filters=[User.is_active == True],  # noqa: E712
             filter_by={"username": ["alice", "alice2"]},
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         # Only alice passes both: is_active=True AND username IN [alice, alice2]
@@ -763,7 +788,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
 
         with pytest.raises(InvalidFacetFilterError) as exc_info:
             await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-                db_session, filter_by={"nonexistent": "value"}
+                db_session, filter_by={"nonexistent": "value"}, schema=UserRead
             )
 
         assert exc_info.value.key == "nonexistent"
@@ -795,6 +820,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         result = await UserRoleFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
             db_session,
             filter_by={"name": "admin", "id": str(admin.id)},
+            schema=UserRead,
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -815,7 +841,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by={"username": "alice"}
+            db_session, filter_by={"username": "alice"}, schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 1
@@ -839,7 +865,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by=UserFilter(username="alice")
+            db_session, filter_by=UserFilter(username="alice"), schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
@@ -865,7 +891,7 @@ class TestFilterBy:
         )
 
         result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
-            db_session, filter_by=UserFilter(username="alice")
+            db_session, filter_by=UserFilter(username="alice"), schema=UserRead
         )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 1
@@ -974,7 +1000,9 @@ class TestFilterParamsSchema:
 
         dep = UserFacetCrud.filter_params()
         f = await dep(username=["alice"])
-        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, filter_by=f)
+        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, filter_by=f, schema=UserRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 1
@@ -995,7 +1023,9 @@ class TestFilterParamsSchema:
 
         dep = UserFacetCursorCrud.filter_params()
         f = await dep(username=["alice"])
-        result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(db_session, filter_by=f)
+        result = await UserFacetCursorCrud.cursor_paginate(
+            db_session, filter_by=f, schema=UserRead
+        )
 
         assert len(result.data) == 1
         assert result.data[0].username == "alice"
@@ -1013,7 +1043,9 @@ class TestFilterParamsSchema:
 
         dep = UserFacetCrud.filter_params()
         f = await dep()  # all fields None
-        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(db_session, filter_by=f)
+        result = await UserFacetCrud.offset_paginate(
+            db_session, filter_by=f, schema=UserRead
+        )
 
         assert isinstance(result.pagination, OffsetPagination)
         assert result.pagination.total_count == 2

tests/test_fixtures.py

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures import (
     load_fixtures_by_context,
 )
 
-from .conftest import Role, User
+from fastapi_toolsets.fixtures.utils import _get_primary_key
+
+from .conftest import IntRole, Permission, Role, User
 
 
 class TestContext:
@@ -597,6 +599,46 @@ class TestLoadFixtures:
         count = await RoleCrud.count(db_session)
         assert count == 2
 
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_skip_existing_skips_if_record_exists(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """SKIP_EXISTING returns empty loaded list when the record already exists."""
+        registry = FixtureRegistry()
+        role_id = uuid.uuid4()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def roles():
+            return [Role(id=role_id, name="admin")]
+
+        # First load — inserts the record.
+        result1 = await load_fixtures(
+            db_session, registry, "roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+        )
+        assert len(result1["roles"]) == 1
+
+        # Remove from identity map so session.get() queries the DB in the second load.
+        db_session.expunge_all()
+
+        # Second load — record exists in DB, nothing should be added.
+        result2 = await load_fixtures(
+            db_session, registry, "roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+        )
+        assert result2["roles"] == []
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_skip_existing_null_pk_inserts(self, db_session: AsyncSession):
+        """SKIP_EXISTING inserts when the instance has no PK set (auto-increment)."""
+        registry = FixtureRegistry()
+
+        @registry.register
+        def int_roles():
+            # No id provided — PK is None before INSERT (autoincrement).
+            return [IntRole(name="member")]
+
+        result = await load_fixtures(
+            db_session, registry, "int_roles", strategy=LoadStrategy.SKIP_EXISTING
+        )
+        assert len(result["int_roles"]) == 1
+
 
 class TestLoadFixturesByContext:
     """Tests for load_fixtures_by_context function."""
@@ -755,3 +797,19 @@ class TestGetObjByAttr:
         """Raises StopIteration when value type doesn't match."""
         with pytest.raises(StopIteration):
             get_obj_by_attr(self.roles, "id", "not-a-uuid")
+
+
+class TestGetPrimaryKey:
+    """Unit tests for the _get_primary_key helper (composite PK paths)."""
+
+    def test_composite_pk_all_set(self):
+        """Returns a tuple when all composite PK values are set."""
+        instance = Permission(subject="post", action="read")
+        pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
+        assert pk == ("post", "read")
+
+    def test_composite_pk_partial_none(self):
+        """Returns None when any composite PK value is None."""
+        instance = Permission(subject="post")  # action is None
+        pk = _get_primary_key(instance)
+        assert pk is None

tests/test_schemas.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from fastapi_toolsets.schemas import (
     ErrorResponse,
     OffsetPagination,
     PaginatedResponse,
-    Pagination,
     Response,
     ResponseStatus,
 )
@@ -199,20 +198,6 @@ class TestOffsetPagination:
         assert data["page"] == 2
         assert data["has_more"] is True
 
-    def test_pagination_alias_is_offset_pagination(self):
-        """Pagination is a backward-compatible alias for OffsetPagination."""
-        assert Pagination is OffsetPagination
-
-    def test_pagination_alias_constructs_offset_pagination(self):
-        """Code using Pagination(...) still works unchanged."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
-            total_count=10,
-            items_per_page=5,
-            page=2,
-            has_more=False,
-        )
-        assert isinstance(pagination, OffsetPagination)
-
 
 class TestCursorPagination:
     """Tests for CursorPagination schema."""
@@ -276,7 +261,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_create_paginated_response(self):
         """Create PaginatedResponse with data and pagination."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=30,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -294,7 +279,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_with_custom_message(self):
         """PaginatedResponse with custom message."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=5,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -310,7 +295,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_empty_data(self):
         """PaginatedResponse with empty data."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=0,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -332,7 +317,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
             id: int
             name: str
 
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=1,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=1,
@@ -347,7 +332,7 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
 
     def test_serialization(self):
         """PaginatedResponse serializes correctly."""
-        pagination = Pagination(
+        pagination = OffsetPagination(
             total_count=100,
             items_per_page=10,
             page=5,
@@ -385,16 +370,6 @@ class TestPaginatedResponse:
         )
         assert isinstance(response.pagination, CursorPagination)
 
-    def test_pagination_alias_accepted(self):
-        """Constructing PaginatedResponse with Pagination (alias) still works."""
-        response = PaginatedResponse(
-            data=[],
-            pagination=Pagination(
-                total_count=0, items_per_page=10, page=1, has_more=False
-            ),
-        )
-        assert isinstance(response.pagination, OffsetPagination)
-
 
 class TestFromAttributes:
     """Tests for from_attributes config (ORM mode)."""

tests/test_security.py

@@ -0,0 +1,902 @@
+"""Tests for fastapi_toolsets.security."""
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from fastapi_toolsets.exceptions import UnauthorizedError, init_exceptions_handlers
+from fastapi_toolsets.security import (
+    AuthSource,
+    BearerTokenAuth,
+    CookieAuth,
+    MultiAuth,
+    OAuth2Auth,
+    OpenIDAuth,
+)
+
+
+def _app(*routes_setup_fns):
+    """Build a minimal FastAPI test app with exception handlers."""
+    app = FastAPI()
+    init_exceptions_handlers(app)
+    for fn in routes_setup_fns:
+        fn(app)
+    return app
+
+
+VALID_TOKEN = "secret"
+VALID_COOKIE = "session123"
+
+
+async def simple_validator(credential: str) -> dict:
+    if credential != VALID_TOKEN:
+        raise UnauthorizedError()
+    return {"user": "alice"}
+
+
+async def role_validator(credential: str, *, role: str) -> dict:
+    if credential != VALID_TOKEN:
+        raise UnauthorizedError()
+    return {"user": "alice", "role": role}
+
+
+async def cookie_validator(value: str) -> dict:
+    if value != VALID_COOKIE:
+        raise UnauthorizedError()
+    return {"session": value}
+
+
+class TestBearerTokenAuth:
+    def test_valid_token_returns_identity(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(bearer)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice"}
+
+    def test_missing_header_returns_401(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(bearer)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me")
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    def test_invalid_token_returns_401(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(bearer)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer wrong"})
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    def test_kwargs_forwarded_to_validator(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(role_validator, role="admin")
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(bearer)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice", "role": "admin"}
+
+    def test_prefix_matching_passes_full_token(self):
+        """Token with matching prefix: full token (with prefix) is passed to validator."""
+        received: list[str] = []
+
+        async def capturing_validator(credential: str) -> dict:
+            received.append(credential)
+            return {"user": "alice"}
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(capturing_validator, prefix="user_")
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(bearer)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer user_abc123"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        # Prefix is kept — validator receives the full token as stored in DB
+        assert received == ["user_abc123"]
+
+    def test_prefix_mismatch_returns_401(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator, prefix="user_")
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(bearer)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer org_abc123"})
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    # --- extract() ---
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_no_header(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        scope = {"type": "http", "method": "GET", "path": "/", "headers": []}
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await bearer.extract(request) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_empty_token(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "method": "GET",
+            "path": "/",
+            "headers": [(b"authorization", b"Bearer ")],
+        }
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await bearer.extract(request) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_no_prefix(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "method": "GET",
+            "path": "/",
+            "headers": [(b"authorization", b"Bearer mytoken")],
+        }
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await bearer.extract(request) == "mytoken"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_prefix_match(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator, prefix="user_")
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "method": "GET",
+            "path": "/",
+            "headers": [(b"authorization", b"Bearer user_abc")],
+        }
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await bearer.extract(request) == "user_abc"
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_prefix_no_match(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator, prefix="user_")
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "method": "GET",
+            "path": "/",
+            "headers": [(b"authorization", b"Bearer org_abc")],
+        }
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await bearer.extract(request) is None
+
+    # --- generate_token() ---
+
+    def test_generate_token_no_prefix(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        token = bearer.generate_token()
+        assert isinstance(token, str)
+        assert len(token) > 0
+
+    def test_generate_token_with_prefix(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator, prefix="user_")
+        token = bearer.generate_token()
+        assert token.startswith("user_")
+
+    def test_generate_token_uniqueness(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        assert bearer.generate_token() != bearer.generate_token()
+
+    def test_generate_token_is_valid_credential(self):
+        """A generated token (with prefix) is accepted by the same auth source."""
+        stored: list[str] = []
+
+        async def storing_validator(credential: str) -> dict:
+            stored.append(credential)
+            return {"token": credential}
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(storing_validator, prefix="user_")
+        token = bearer.generate_token()
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(bearer)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert stored == [token]
+
+
+class TestCookieAuth:
+    def test_valid_cookie_returns_identity(self):
+        cookie_auth = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(cookie_auth)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", cookies={"session": VALID_COOKIE})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"session": VALID_COOKIE}
+
+    def test_missing_cookie_returns_401(self):
+        cookie_auth = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(cookie_auth)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me")
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    def test_invalid_cookie_returns_401(self):
+        cookie_auth = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(cookie_auth)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", cookies={"session": "wrong"})
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    def test_kwargs_forwarded_to_validator(self):
+        async def session_validator(value: str, *, scope: str) -> dict:
+            if value != VALID_COOKIE:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return {"session": value, "scope": scope}
+
+        cookie_auth = CookieAuth("session", session_validator, scope="read")
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(cookie_auth)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", cookies={"session": VALID_COOKIE})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"session": VALID_COOKIE, "scope": "read"}
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_no_cookie(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        auth = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+        scope = {"type": "http", "method": "GET", "path": "/", "headers": []}
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await auth.extract(request) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_cookie_present(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        auth = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "method": "GET",
+            "path": "/",
+            "headers": [(b"cookie", b"session=abc")],
+        }
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await auth.extract(request) == "abc"
+
+
+class TestOAuth2Auth:
+    def test_valid_token_returns_identity(self):
+        oauth = OAuth2Auth(token_url="/token", validator=simple_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(oauth)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice"}
+
+    def test_missing_token_returns_401(self):
+        oauth = OAuth2Auth(token_url="/token", validator=simple_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(oauth)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me")
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_no_header(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        auth = OAuth2Auth("/token", simple_validator)
+        scope = {"type": "http", "method": "GET", "path": "/", "headers": []}
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await auth.extract(request) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_empty_token(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        auth = OAuth2Auth("/token", simple_validator)
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "method": "GET",
+            "path": "/",
+            "headers": [(b"authorization", b"Bearer ")],
+        }
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await auth.extract(request) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_token(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        auth = OAuth2Auth("/token", simple_validator)
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "method": "GET",
+            "path": "/",
+            "headers": [(b"authorization", b"Bearer mytoken")],
+        }
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await auth.extract(request) == "mytoken"
+
+    def test_in_multi_auth(self):
+        """OAuth2Auth.authenticate() is exercised when used inside MultiAuth."""
+        oauth = OAuth2Auth(token_url="/token", validator=simple_validator)
+        multi = MultiAuth(oauth)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(multi)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice"}
+
+
+class TestMultiAuth:
+    def test_first_source_matches(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        cookie = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer, cookie)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(multi)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice"}
+
+    def test_second_source_matches_when_first_absent(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        cookie = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer, cookie)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(multi)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        # No Authorization header — falls through to cookie
+        response = client.get("/me", cookies={"session": VALID_COOKIE})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"session": VALID_COOKIE}
+
+    def test_no_source_matches_returns_401(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        cookie = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer, cookie)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(multi)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me")
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    def test_invalid_credential_does_not_fallthrough(self):
+        """If a credential is found but invalid, the next source is NOT tried."""
+        second_called: list[bool] = []
+
+        async def tracking_validator(credential: str) -> dict:
+            second_called.append(True)
+            return {"from": "second"}
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)  # raises on wrong token
+        cookie = CookieAuth("session", tracking_validator)
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer, cookie)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(multi)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        # Bearer credential present but wrong — should NOT try cookie
+        response = client.get(
+            "/me",
+            headers={"Authorization": "Bearer wrong"},
+            cookies={"session": VALID_COOKIE},
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+        assert second_called == []  # cookie validator was never called
+
+    def test_prefix_routes_to_correct_source(self):
+        """Prefix-based dispatch: only the matching source's validator is called."""
+        user_calls: list[str] = []
+        org_calls: list[str] = []
+
+        async def user_validator(credential: str) -> dict:
+            user_calls.append(credential)
+            return {"type": "user", "id": credential}
+
+        async def org_validator(credential: str) -> dict:
+            org_calls.append(credential)
+            return {"type": "org", "id": credential}
+
+        user_bearer = BearerTokenAuth(user_validator, prefix="user_")
+        org_bearer = BearerTokenAuth(org_validator, prefix="org_")
+        multi = MultiAuth(user_bearer, org_bearer)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(multi)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer user_alice"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"type": "user", "id": "user_alice"}
+        assert user_calls == ["user_alice"]
+        assert org_calls == []
+
+        user_calls.clear()
+
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer org_acme"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"type": "org", "id": "org_acme"}
+        assert user_calls == []
+        assert org_calls == ["org_acme"]
+
+    def test_require_returns_new_multi_auth(self):
+        from fastapi_toolsets.security.multi import MultiAuth as MultiAuthClass
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(role_validator)
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer)
+        derived = multi.require(role="admin")
+        assert isinstance(derived, MultiAuthClass)
+        assert derived is not multi
+
+    def test_require_forwards_kwargs_to_sources(self):
+        """multi.require() propagates to all sources that support it."""
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(role_validator)
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user=Security(multi.require(role="admin"))):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get(
+            "/admin", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"}
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice", "role": "admin"}
+
+    def test_require_skips_sources_without_require(self):
+        """Sources without require() are passed through unchanged."""
+        header_auth = _HeaderAuth(secret="s3cr3t")
+        multi = MultiAuth(header_auth)
+        derived = multi.require(role="admin")
+        assert derived._sources[0] is header_auth
+
+    def test_require_does_not_mutate_original(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(role_validator, role="user")
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer)
+        multi.require(role="admin")
+        assert bearer._kwargs == {"role": "user"}
+
+    def test_require_mixed_sources(self):
+        """require() applies to sources with require(), skips those without."""
+        from typing import cast
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(role_validator)
+        header_auth = _HeaderAuth(secret="s3cr3t")
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer, header_auth)
+        derived = multi.require(role="admin")
+        # bearer got require() applied, header_auth passed through
+        assert cast(BearerTokenAuth, derived._sources[0])._kwargs == {"role": "admin"}
+        assert derived._sources[1] is header_auth
+
+
+class TestRequire:
+    def test_bearer_require_forwards_kwargs(self):
+        """require() creates a new instance that passes merged kwargs to validator."""
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(role_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user=Security(bearer.require(role="admin"))):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get(
+            "/admin", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"}
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice", "role": "admin"}
+
+    def test_bearer_require_overrides_existing_kwarg(self):
+        """require() kwargs override kwargs set at instantiation."""
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(role_validator, role="user")
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user=Security(bearer.require(role="admin"))):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get(
+            "/admin", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"}
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json()["role"] == "admin"
+
+    def test_bearer_require_preserves_prefix(self):
+        """require() keeps the prefix of the original instance."""
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(role_validator, prefix="user_")
+        derived = bearer.require(role="admin")
+        assert derived._prefix == "user_"
+
+    def test_bearer_require_does_not_mutate_original(self):
+        """require() returns a new instance — original kwargs are unchanged."""
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(role_validator, role="user")
+        bearer.require(role="admin")
+        assert bearer._kwargs == {"role": "user"}
+
+    def test_cookie_require_forwards_kwargs(self):
+        async def scoped_validator(value: str, *, scope: str) -> dict:
+            if value != VALID_COOKIE:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return {"session": value, "scope": scope}
+
+        cookie = CookieAuth("session", scoped_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user=Security(cookie.require(scope="admin"))):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/admin", cookies={"session": VALID_COOKIE})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"session": VALID_COOKIE, "scope": "admin"}
+
+    def test_cookie_require_preserves_name(self):
+        cookie = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+        derived = cookie.require(scope="admin")
+        assert derived._name == "session"
+
+    def test_oauth2_require_forwards_kwargs(self):
+        oauth = OAuth2Auth("/token", role_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user=Security(oauth.require(role="admin"))):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get(
+            "/admin", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"}
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice", "role": "admin"}
+
+    def test_oauth2_require_preserves_token_url(self):
+        oauth = OAuth2Auth("/token", simple_validator)
+        derived = oauth.require(role="admin")
+        assert derived._token_url == "/token"
+
+    def test_bearer_require_in_multi_auth(self):
+        """require() instances work seamlessly inside MultiAuth."""
+        PREFIXED_TOKEN = f"user_{VALID_TOKEN}"
+
+        async def prefixed_role_validator(credential: str, *, role: str) -> dict:
+            if credential != PREFIXED_TOKEN:
+                raise UnauthorizedError()
+            return {"user": "alice", "role": role}
+
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(prefixed_role_validator, prefix="user_")
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer.require(role="admin"))
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user=Security(multi)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get(
+            "/admin", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {PREFIXED_TOKEN}"}
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice", "role": "admin"}
+
+
+class TestOpenIDAuth:
+    DISCOVERY_URL = "https://accounts.example.com/.well-known/openid-configuration"
+
+    def test_valid_token_returns_identity(self):
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, simple_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(oidc)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice"}
+
+    def test_missing_token_returns_401(self):
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, simple_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(oidc)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me")
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    def test_invalid_token_returns_401(self):
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, simple_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(oidc)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer wrong"})
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    def test_kwargs_forwarded_to_validator(self):
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, role_validator, role="admin")
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(oidc)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice", "role": "admin"}
+
+    def test_require_forwards_kwargs(self):
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, role_validator)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/admin")
+            async def admin(user=Security(oidc.require(role="admin"))):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get(
+            "/admin", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"}
+        )
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice", "role": "admin"}
+
+    def test_require_preserves_discovery_url(self):
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, simple_validator)
+        derived = oidc.require(role="admin")
+        assert derived._openid_connect_url == self.DISCOVERY_URL
+
+    def test_require_does_not_mutate_original(self):
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, role_validator, role="user")
+        oidc.require(role="admin")
+        assert oidc._kwargs == {"role": "user"}
+
+    def test_is_auth_source(self):
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, simple_validator)
+        assert isinstance(oidc, AuthSource)
+
+    def test_in_multi_auth(self):
+        """OpenIDAuth works seamlessly inside MultiAuth."""
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, simple_validator)
+        multi = MultiAuth(oidc)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(multi)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice"}
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_no_header(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, simple_validator)
+        scope = {"type": "http", "method": "GET", "path": "/", "headers": []}
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await oidc.extract(request) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_empty_token(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, simple_validator)
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "method": "GET",
+            "path": "/",
+            "headers": [(b"authorization", b"Bearer ")],
+        }
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await oidc.extract(request) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.anyio
+    async def test_extract_token(self):
+        from starlette.requests import Request
+
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(self.DISCOVERY_URL, simple_validator)
+        scope = {
+            "type": "http",
+            "method": "GET",
+            "path": "/",
+            "headers": [(b"authorization", b"Bearer mytoken")],
+        }
+        request = Request(scope)
+        assert await oidc.extract(request) == "mytoken"
+
+
+# Minimal concrete subclass used only in tests below.
+class _HeaderAuth(AuthSource):
+    """Reads a custom X-Token header — no FastAPI security scheme."""
+
+    def __init__(self, secret: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._secret = secret
+
+    async def extract(self, request) -> str | None:
+        return request.headers.get("X-Token") or None
+
+    async def authenticate(self, credential: str) -> dict:
+        if credential != self._secret:
+            raise UnauthorizedError()
+        return {"token": credential}
+
+
+class TestAuthSource:
+    def test_cannot_instantiate_abstract_class(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            AuthSource()
+
+    def test_builtin_classes_are_auth_sources(self):
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        cookie = CookieAuth("session", cookie_validator)
+        oauth = OAuth2Auth("/token", simple_validator)
+        oidc = OpenIDAuth(
+            "https://example.com/.well-known/openid-configuration", simple_validator
+        )
+        assert isinstance(bearer, AuthSource)
+        assert isinstance(cookie, AuthSource)
+        assert isinstance(oauth, AuthSource)
+        assert isinstance(oidc, AuthSource)
+
+    def test_custom_source_standalone_valid(self):
+        """Default __call__ wires extract + authenticate via Request injection."""
+        auth = _HeaderAuth(secret="s3cr3t")
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(auth)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"X-Token": "s3cr3t"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"token": "s3cr3t"}
+
+    def test_custom_source_standalone_missing_credential(self):
+        auth = _HeaderAuth(secret="s3cr3t")
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(auth)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me")  # no X-Token header
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    def test_custom_source_standalone_invalid_credential(self):
+        auth = _HeaderAuth(secret="s3cr3t")
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(auth)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"X-Token": "wrong"})
+        assert response.status_code == 401
+
+    def test_custom_source_in_multi_auth(self):
+        """Custom AuthSource works transparently inside MultiAuth."""
+        header_auth = _HeaderAuth(secret="s3cr3t")
+        bearer = BearerTokenAuth(simple_validator)
+        multi = MultiAuth(bearer, header_auth)
+
+        def setup(app: FastAPI):
+            @app.get("/me")
+            async def me(user=Security(multi)):
+                return user
+
+        client = TestClient(_app(setup))
+
+        # Bearer matches first
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {VALID_TOKEN}"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"user": "alice"}
+
+        # No bearer → falls through to custom header source
+        response = client.get("/me", headers={"X-Token": "s3cr3t"})
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"token": "s3cr3t"}

uv.lock

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastapi"
-version = "0.133.1"
+version = "0.135.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "annotated-doc" },
@@ -244,14 +244,14 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
     { name = "typing-inspection" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/22/6f/0eafed8349eea1fa462238b54a624c8b408cd1ba2795c8e64aa6c34f8ab7/fastapi-0.133.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ed152a45912f102592976fde6cbce7dae1a8a1053da94202e51dd35d184fadd6", size = 378741, upload-time = "2026-02-25T18:18:17.398Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e7/7b/f8e0211e9380f7195ba3f3d40c292594fd81ba8ec4629e3854c353aaca45/fastapi-0.135.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:d04115b508d936d254cea545b7312ecaa58a7b3a0f84952535b4c9afae7668cd", size = 394962, upload-time = "2026-03-01T18:18:29.369Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d2/c9/a175a7779f3599dfa4adfc97a6ce0e157237b3d7941538604aadaf97bfb6/fastapi-0.133.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:658f34ba334605b1617a65adf2ea6461901bdb9af3a3080d63ff791ecf7dc2e2", size = 109029, upload-time = "2026-02-25T18:18:18.578Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e4/72/42e900510195b23a56bde950d26a51f8b723846bfcaa0286e90287f0422b/fastapi-0.135.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:46e2fc5745924b7c840f71ddd277382af29ce1cdb7d5eab5bf697e3fb9999c9e", size = 116999, upload-time = "2026-03-01T18:18:30.831Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fastapi-toolsets"
-version = "1.3.0"
+version = "2.0.0"
 source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "asyncpg" },
@@ -1013,27 +1013,27 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ruff"
-version = "0.15.2"
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+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f1/26/9707587c0f6044dd1e1cc5bc3b9fa5fed81ce6c7bcdb09c21a9795e802d9/zensical-0.0.24-cp310-abi3-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:e00a62cf04526dbed665e989b8f448eb976247f077a76dfdd84699ace4aa3ac3", size = 12057762, upload-time = "2026-02-26T09:43:42.627Z" },
 ]

zensical.toml

@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ md_in_html = {}
 "pymdownx.tasklist" = {custom_checkbox = true}
 "pymdownx.tilde" = {}
 
+[project.markdown_extensions.pymdownx.emoji]
+emoji_index = "zensical.extensions.emoji.twemoji"
+emoji_generator = "zensical.extensions.emoji.to_svg"
+
 [project.markdown_extensions."pymdownx.highlight"]
 anchor_linenums = true
 line_spans = "__span"
@@ -95,3 +99,49 @@ permalink = true
 [project.markdown_extensions."pymdownx.snippets"]
 base_path = ["."]
 check_paths = true
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Home = "index.md"
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Modules = [
+    {CLI = "module/cli.md"},
+    {CRUD = "module/crud.md"},
+    {Database = "module/db.md"},
+    {Dependencies = "module/dependencies.md"},
+    {Exceptions = "module/exceptions.md"},
+    {Fixtures = "module/fixtures.md"},
+    {Logger = "module/logger.md"},
+    {Metrics = "module/metrics.md"},
+    {Models = "module/models.md"},
+    {Pytest = "module/pytest.md"},
+    {Schemas = "module/schemas.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Reference = [
+    {CLI = "reference/cli.md"},
+    {CRUD = "reference/crud.md"},
+    {Database = "reference/db.md"},
+    {Dependencies = "reference/dependencies.md"},
+    {Exceptions = "reference/exceptions.md"},
+    {Fixtures = "reference/fixtures.md"},
+    {Logger = "reference/logger.md"},
+    {Metrics = "reference/metrics.md"},
+    {Models = "reference/models.md"},
+    {Pytest = "reference/pytest.md"},
+    {Schemas = "reference/schemas.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Examples = [
+    {"Pagination & Search" = "examples/pagination-search.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+Migration = [
+    {"v2.0" = "migration/v2.md"},
+]
+
+[[project.nav]]
+"Changelog ↗" = "https://github.com/d3vyce/fastapi-toolsets/releases"